{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3525995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3525995","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10930417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Communications Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3526017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3526017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10930413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Zoofaghari;Krizia Sagini;Martin Damrath;Azar Zargarnia;Håkon Flaten;Mladen Veletić;Alicia Llorente;Ilangko Balasingham
{"title":"In Silico Study of Bloodstream Penetrating Extracellular Vesicles","authors":"Mohammad Zoofaghari;Krizia Sagini;Martin Damrath;Azar Zargarnia;Håkon Flaten;Mladen Veletić;Alicia Llorente;Ilangko Balasingham","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3550323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3550323","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer enclosed nanovesicles involved in intercellular communication. EVs are emerging as potential cancer biomarkers, providing insights into the condition of parent cancer cells. Their composition and entry into the bloodstream are influenced by factors such as tumor grade, type, and the configuration of the vascular network at the release site. In this work, we propose a computer simulation model to emulate the penetration of EVs into the bloodstream. We take into account convective and diffusive parameters that are influenced by the tumor’s characteristics, and the configuration of the vasculature and lymphatic network. We investigate the penetration rate of EVs into the bloodstream in terms of various parameters such as vessel wall permeability and the configuration of the vasculature and lymphatic networks. Our parametric study using a 2D model demonstrates that increasing the permeability coefficient, as observed in tumor tissue, could lead to a two-fold increase in EV penetration rate into the bloodstream. We believe that this model offers pre-experimental insights concerning liquid biopsy assays and the metastatic progression of the disease.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"11 2","pages":"166-175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Estimation of Emission Time and Arrival Time in Diffusive Multi-Receiver Molecular Communication","authors":"Zhen Cheng;Heng Liu;Ziyan Xu;Jiaxin Li;Kaikai Chi","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3546503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3546503","url":null,"abstract":"Diffusive molecular communication (DMC) utilizes the emission, diffusion and reception of molecules to transmit information. It has promising prospects in the field of drug delivery. The estimation of emission time and arrival time of molecules in DMC system plays important roles in the resource consumption at the receivers. Existing traditional strategies for the derivation of emission time and arrival time mainly focus on known channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we propose a deep learning method for estimating emission time and arrival time of the molecules in DMC system with unknown CSI by using Transformer-based model, respectively. The simulation results show that the emission time and arrival time of molecules can be accurately estimated by the Transformer-based model which exhibits better estimation and generalization abilities than deep neural network (DNN) model.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"11 2","pages":"257-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid Recurrent Neural Network for Signal-Dependent Noise Suppression in Molecular Communication","authors":"Cheng Xiang;Yaqing Zhang;Yu Huang;Weiqiang Tan;Xuan Chen;Miaowen Wen","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3546208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3546208","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular communication (MC) employs chemical molecules for information transfer in environments where electromagnetic signals are ineffective. However, the diffusion mechanism introduces signal-dependent noise (SDN), complicating accurate signal recovery. Traditional model-based methods struggle to handle SDN’s complex dynamics and depend heavily on optimal parameter tuning, limiting their adaptability to temporal variations. To tackle these challenges, this paper introduces a hybrid recurrent neural network (RNN) model that effectively captures both short- and long-term dependencies within MC signals, surpassing the performance of single RNN models and traditional approaches. This model offers a promising data-driven solution for noise mitigation in MC, with its effectiveness validated through numerical simulation results.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"11 2","pages":"283-291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics and Kinetics of Light-Driven Nanorobots Swarm Aggregation for Tumor Targeting","authors":"Luyao Zhang;Yue Sun;Dong Du;Yifan Chen","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3546207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3546207","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a novel light-driven nanorobots swarm (NS) aggregation method to enhance tumor targeting efficiency. To replicate the structured and directional flow of density blood vessels near tumors, we employed a Manhattan-geometry vasculature (MGV) model, which mimics the complex, density-connected vasculature near the tumor site. This model significantly influences NS navigation and aggregation behavior, providing more realistic movement dynamics insights. We analyzed NS dynamics under light illumination, focusing on drag and thermophoretic forces. Comparisons with magnetic field-driven and non-external force strategies across three objective functions show that light-driven targeting increases efficiency by 4% to 46% and reduces targeting time by up to 27.9%. The MGV model enables precise predictions of NS movement, optimizing aggregation toward tumor tissues. These findings demonstrate the potential of light-driven NS aggregation to enhance tumor-targeting therapies, offering advantages over magnetic control in complex biological environments, with implications for photothermal therapy and precision drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"11 2","pages":"269-282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongliang Jing;Linjuan Li;Zhen Cheng;Lin Lin;Andrew W. Eckford
{"title":"Energy Efficient Transmitter Creation by Consuming Free Energy in Molecular Communication","authors":"Dongliang Jing;Linjuan Li;Zhen Cheng;Lin Lin;Andrew W. Eckford","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3544111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3544111","url":null,"abstract":"Information molecules play a crucial role in molecular communication (MC), acting as carriers for information transfer. A common approach to get information molecules in MC involves harvesting them from the environment; however, the harvested molecules are often a mixture of various environmental molecules, and the initial concentration ratios in the reservoirs are identical, which hampers high-fidelity transmission techniques such as molecular shift keying (MoSK). This paper presents a transmitter design that harvests molecules from the surrounding environment and stores them in two reservoirs. To separate the mixed molecules, energy is consumed to transfer them between reservoirs. Given limited energy resources, this work explores energy-efficient strategies to optimize transmitter performance. Through theoretical analysis and simulations, we investigate different methods for moving molecules between reservoirs. The results demonstrate that transferring higher initial concentration molecules enhances transmitter performance, while using fewer molecules per transfer further improves efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing MC systems through energy-efficient molecule transfer techniques.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"11 2","pages":"292-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A General-Purpose Simulation Platform for Multicellular Molecular Communication Systems","authors":"Takanori Saiki;Shohei Imanaka;Shouhei Kobayashi;Tadashi Nakano","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3544141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3544141","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a general-purpose simulation platform for multicellular molecular communication systems. Built on an agent-based model, the platform offers flexibility to simulate diverse multicellular systems, such as cancer spheroids and vascular-like networks. It incorporates efficient algorithms, including Cell-List and Barnes-Hut, for calculating cell-cell interaction forces and supports dynamic behaviors such as cell division, growth, and death. The platform’s capabilities are demonstrated through use cases, highlighting its versatility and coding efficiency. The simulation platform serves as a valuable tool for advancing research in molecular communication and understanding the collective behavior of complex multicellular systems.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"11 2","pages":"152-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Designing Novel ISI-Reducing Single Error Correcting Codes in an MCvD System","authors":"Tamoghno Nath;Krishna Gopal Benerjee;Adrish Banerjee","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3544137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3544137","url":null,"abstract":"Intersymbol Interference (ISI) has a detrimental impact on any Molecular Communication via Diffusion (MCvD) system. Also, the receiver noise can severely degrade the MCvD channel performance. However, the channel codes proposed in the literature for the MCvD system have only addressed one of these two challenges independently. In this paper, we have designed single Error Correcting Codes in an MCvD system with channel memory and noise. We have also provided encoding and decoding algorithms for the proposed codes, which are simple to follow despite having a non-linear code construction. Finally, through simulation results, we show that the proposed single ECCs, for given code parameters, perform better than the existing codes in the literature in combating the effect of ISI in the channel and improving the average Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in a noisy channel.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"11 2","pages":"228-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Vol. 10","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3523930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3523930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 4","pages":"642-654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10819970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}