IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications最新文献

Investigating Cellular Magnetic Bioeffects Using Two-Channel, Two-Photon Autofluorescence Lifetime Microscopy 利用双通道、双光子自荧光寿命显微镜研究细胞磁生物效应

IF 2.3

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3666858

Kevin K. D. Tan;Alex M. Condon;Carlos A. Renteria;Rishyashring R. Iyer;Alexander Ho;Jindou Shi;Janet E. Sorrells;Edita Aksamitiene;Robert J. Usselman;Stephen A. Boppart

{"title":"Investigating Cellular Magnetic Bioeffects Using Two-Channel, Two-Photon Autofluorescence Lifetime Microscopy","authors":"Kevin K. D. Tan;Alex M. Condon;Carlos A. Renteria;Rishyashring R. Iyer;Alexander Ho;Jindou Shi;Janet E. Sorrells;Edita Aksamitiene;Robert J. Usselman;Stephen A. Boppart","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3666858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3666858","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic fields may modulate the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state and subsequent redox signaling pathways through quantum spin chemistry in biochemical radical pair reactions. This study applied two-channel, two-photon autofluorescence lifetime microscopy for non-invasive label-free measurements of the metabolic cofactors FAD and NAD(P)H and the redox state in live human non-small lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. This custom microscope and technique were used to investigate the cellular effects induced by 30-minute exposure to redox modulating chemicals as well as 72-hour exposure to a range of static magnetic fields between <inline-formula> <tex-math>$50~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>T and 10 mT. The label-free methods showed little sensitivity to the acute chemical exposure in A549 cells, while longer-term magnetic field exposure showed a potential yet non-significant increase in an oxidative stress-linked long lifetime species. A standard H2O2 assay used to validate these responses showed significant sensitivity to chemical redox modulation reactions, and a weak response to effects caused by magnetic fields. Cellular H2O2 was observed to increase then gradually saturate as magnetic field exposure increased. These results demonstrate the potential of label-free microscopy for studying subtle magnetic bioeffects in individual living cells.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"398-406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147362470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward a Molecular Computer: Enabling Arithmetic Operations in Molecular Communication 迈向分子计算机：实现分子通信中的算术运算

IF 2.3

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3661414

Jianqiao Long;Lei Zhang;Miaowen Wen;Kezhi Wang;Natalio Krasnogor;Jichun Li

{"title":"Toward a Molecular Computer: Enabling Arithmetic Operations in Molecular Communication","authors":"Jianqiao Long;Lei Zhang;Miaowen Wen;Kezhi Wang;Natalio Krasnogor;Jichun Li","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3661414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3661414","url":null,"abstract":"In current molecular communication (MC) systems, performing computational operations at the nanoscale remains challenging, restricting their applicability in complex scenarios such as adaptive biochemical control and advanced nanoscale sensing. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a novel framework that seamlessly integrates computation into the molecular communication process. The system enables arithmetic operations, namely addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, by encoding numerical values into two types of molecules emitted by each transmitter to represent positive and negative values, respectively. Specifically, addition is achieved by transmitting non-reactive molecules, while subtraction employs reactive molecules that interact during propagation. The receiver demodulates molecular counts to directly compute the desired results. Theoretical analysis for an upper bound on the bit error rate (BER), and computational simulations confirm the system’s robustness in performing complex arithmetic tasks. Compared to conventional MC methods, the proposed approach not only enables fundamental computational operations at the nanoscale but also lays the groundwork for intelligent, autonomous molecular networks.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"366-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CNN-Based ISI Mitigation in Molecular Communications With Imperfect Transmitter 基于cnn的不完全发射机分子通信ISI抑制

IF 2.3

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3661357

Dongliang Jing;Linjuan Li;Lin Lin;Andrew W. Eckford

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Biological Graph Alignment Algorithms With Hyperbolic Heterophilic Deep Graph Learning-Based Approach 生物图对齐算法与基于双曲异亲深度图学习方法的比较

IF 2.3

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3660396

Emre Sefer

{"title":"Comparison of Biological Graph Alignment Algorithms With Hyperbolic Heterophilic Deep Graph Learning-Based Approach","authors":"Emre Sefer","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3660396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3660396","url":null,"abstract":"Network alignment is a fundamental task in biological network analysis, aiming to identify corresponding nodes across multiple graphs such as protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Existing alignment methods struggle to capture the heterophily, hierarchical organization, and higher-order structures commonly observed in real biological networks. To address these challenges, we propose HMGA (Hyperbolic Graph Learning for Multi-Perspective Graph Alignment), a unified framework that integrates hyperbolic and Euclidean representation learning within hypergraph modeling to take into account higher-order structures. It also utilizes a heterophily-aware graph attention network to model heterophily and heterogeneity. HMGA simultaneously encodes first-order, power-law, and higher-order topological features by leveraging hyperbolic geometry to mitigate embedding distortion in scale-free structures while maintaining Euclidean consistency for regular subgraphs. The model fuses multiple alignment matrices generated from distinct embedding spaces to achieve robust cross-network correspondence. To discuss the advantages of the proposed approach, we bring together a fair evaluation framework that systematically compares the performance of different network alignment approaches. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world biological datasets, including Human–Yeast, C. jejuni–E. coli, and A. thaliana–D. melanogaster PPIs, demonstrate that HMGA performs reasonably with respect to state-of-the-art baselines in TOP-K accuracy. Furthermore, HMGA successfully identifies known and novel functional orthologs across distant eukaryotes, validating its biological relevance. Even though many graph alignment methods have been proposed recently, there is no recent systematic comparison of all these methods, which is another contribution of this study.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"338-353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Run-Length-Limited ISI-Mitigation (RLIM) Coding for Molecular Communication 基于RLIM编码的分子通信研究

IF 2.3

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3659828

Melih Şahin;Ozgur B. Akan

引用次数: 0

Molecular Communication Model for Drug Delivery in Multi-Layered Spherical Channels 多层球形通道中药物传递的分子通信模型

IF 2.3

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3657747

Mitra Rezaei;Michael J. Chappell;Adam Noel

{"title":"Molecular Communication Model for Drug Delivery in Multi-Layered Spherical Channels","authors":"Mitra Rezaei;Michael J. Chappell;Adam Noel","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3657747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3657747","url":null,"abstract":"Spherical multi-layered structures are prevalent in numerous biological systems and engineered applications, including tumor spheroids, layered tissues, and multi-shell nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Despite their widespread occurrence, there remains a gap in modeling particle propagation through these complex structures from a molecular communication (MC) perspective. This paper introduces a generalized analytical framework for modeling diffusion-based MC in multi-layered spherical environments. The framework is capable of supporting an arbitrary number of layers and flexible transmitter-receiver positioning. As an example, the detailed formulation is presented for the three-layer sphere, which is particularly relevant for different biological models such as tumor spheroids. Through this analytical model, two drug delivery scenarios for a three-layered tumor spheroid are investigated: 1) conventional drug delivery from a point source transmitter; and 2) targeted delivery utilizing pH-sensitive carriers that release their payload within the spheroid’s acidic necrotic core (i.e., innermost layer). The analytical results are validated using particle-based simulation (PBS) for configurations with short inter-layer distances. These findings advance the understanding of molecular transport mechanisms in multi-layered spheroids and provide a theoretical foundation for designing more efficient targeted drug delivery strategies.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"309-322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-Order CSK Realization for MC via Spatially Distributed Multicellular Consortia 基于空间分布多蜂窝联盟的MC高阶CSK实现

IF 2.3

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3657218

Ali Abdali;Rinrada Jadsadaphongphaibool;Dadi Bi;Murat Kuscu;Yansha Deng

{"title":"High-Order CSK Realization for MC via Spatially Distributed Multicellular Consortia","authors":"Ali Abdali;Rinrada Jadsadaphongphaibool;Dadi Bi;Murat Kuscu;Yansha Deng","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3657218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3657218","url":null,"abstract":"Progress in molecular communication (MC) relies on the development of novel and efficient signal processing mechanisms. Synthetic biology meets this need by allowing precise control over intracellular signaling and molecular exchange in engineered cells, enabling engineered signal processing tasks within living networks. Facilitated by this advancement, we design and engineer multicellular consortia with spatial segregation to realize an octuple concentration shift keying (8-CSK) transceiver—covering both modulation and demodulation—in a fully biological framework using simple and reusable single-input single-output cells. The proposed design demonstrates the scalability of our framework while maintaining the advantages of distributed computation, minimal genetic manipulation, and signal orthogonality. Additionally, we derive the mathematical framework of 8-CSK based on modular building blocks, enabling an accurate theoretical characterization of the system. Simulation results from the agent-based simulator—BSim—validate the feasibility of our extended design and demonstrate strong agreement with the theoretical analysis, highlighting the robustness and applicability of our CSK framework to higher-order modulation schemes.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"354-365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bacterial Chemotaxis in Molecular Communication: Experimental and Simulation Analysis of Receiver Placement and Gradient Dynamics 分子通讯中的细菌趋化性：接收器放置和梯度动力学的实验和模拟分析

IF 2.3

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3652361

Mustafa Ozan Duman;Ibrahim Isik;Esme Isik

{"title":"Bacterial Chemotaxis in Molecular Communication: Experimental and Simulation Analysis of Receiver Placement and Gradient Dynamics","authors":"Mustafa Ozan Duman;Ibrahim Isik;Esme Isik","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3652361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3652361","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria-based nanonetworks (BNs) represent a promising strategy for nanoscale information transfer, utilizing bacterial motility and chemotaxis for targeted message delivery. This study analyzes BN performance through both experimental validation and a custom-developed three-dimensional (3D) simulation program built in MATLAB, focusing on receiver (RX) placement, chemoattractant release rate (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and bacterial lifespan. The simulation employs experimentally validated parameters and models bacterial behavior under various spatial configurations. Results demonstrate that RX positioning significantly affects communication efficiency, with asymmetric placement causing uneven chemoattractant gradients and reduced success rates. While higher <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values improve reach time and delivery success, bacterial lifespan becomes a limiting factor at extended distances. Experimental findings using agar-based assays confirm a threshold distance beyond which bacterial motility becomes ineffective. These insights provide practical guidance for optimizing BN systems by balancing signal strength with biological constraints. Future work should explore adaptive bacterial strategies and dynamic environmental conditions to further enhance BN reliability and applicability in areas such as targeted drug delivery and biosensing.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"298-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

2025 Index IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications 2025年IEEE分子、生物和多尺度通信学报

IF 2.3

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2026.3651917

引用次数: 0

Long-Distance Underwater Target Search and Localization Using an AUV With Chemical Sensing 基于化学传感的水下航行器远距离水下目标搜索与定位

IF 2.3

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3650122

Mingyue Cheng;Yingying Zhong;Runhua Chen;Zhangrui Ren;Menghan Zhao;Qiong Huang

{"title":"Long-Distance Underwater Target Search and Localization Using an AUV With Chemical Sensing","authors":"Mingyue Cheng;Yingying Zhong;Runhua Chen;Zhangrui Ren;Menghan Zhao;Qiong Huang","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3650122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3650122","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing reliance on global air and sea transport, the need for effective underwater search mechanisms is becoming more pressing. However, complex marine environments presents substantial challenges for the recovery of crashed aircraft or sunken vessels. Existing underwater search methods rely heavily on acoustic communication, which is constrained in both range and energy. Although molecular communication offers considerable promise, there is a lack of search algorithms applicable to underwater scenarios. Therefore, we propose the hexagonal inverse gradient search (HIGS) algorithm for the search mission of lost objects underwater. HIGS employs the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) that navigates using molecular concentration gradients. To overcome the challenge of nearly zero-gradient regions, we develop a set of three-dimensional motion rules based on real-time chemical sensing, allowing AUVs to adjust their trajectories adaptively. Additionally, a zero-gradient escape strategy is incorporated to prevent the AUV from becoming trapped in local optima within complex underwater environments, thereby ensuring persistent and effective target search. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in underwater search missions.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"218-225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0