IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications最新文献_第3页

Age of Information-Based Abnormality Detection With Decay in the Human Circulatory System 人体循环系统中基于信息的异常检测衰减时代

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3426951

Saswati Pal;Jorge Torres Gómez;Regine Wendt;Stefan Fischer;Falko Dressler

{"title":"Age of Information-Based Abnormality Detection With Decay in the Human Circulatory System","authors":"Saswati Pal;Jorge Torres Gómez;Regine Wendt;Stefan Fischer;Falko Dressler","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3426951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3426951","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting abnormalities early by deploying a network of mobile nanosensors within the human body remains a challenging task. Current methods for abnormality detection rely on placing gateways at arbitrary locations. Given the critical importance of timely monitoring and detection in severe infections, relying on arbitrary gateway locations introduces delays in detection. In this work, we conducted an analysis of the impact of gateway placement and infection locations on detection time, detection ratio, and the average Peak Age of Information (PAoI). Furthermore, we also added decay of nanosensors similar to operation in the human body. We investigated its implications on both the detection ratio of abnormalities and the average PAoI. We employed a Monte Carlo simulation involving 1000 nanosensors circulating in the HCS for 500 seconds. The results revealed that the favorable gateway position is at the heart, minimizing detection time and enhancing the detection ratio for various infection locations. Furthermore, we observed that the detection ratio exhibited reduced variance with increased decay rates in nanosensors. Analyzing the PAoI across varying decay rates highlighted the importance of nanosensor quantity in relation to decay rate in ensuring accurate and timely infection localization.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"487-492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BioComm: Biocompatible Physical Layer Design for Wireless Intra-Body Communications BioComm：用于体内无线通信的生物兼容物理层设计

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423021

Pedram Johari;Hadeel Elayan;Josep M. Jornet

{"title":"BioComm: Biocompatible Physical Layer Design for Wireless Intra-Body Communications","authors":"Pedram Johari;Hadeel Elayan;Josep M. Jornet","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423021","url":null,"abstract":"In-vivo Wireless Nanosensor Networks (iWNSNs) consist of nano-sized communicating devices with unprecedented sensing capabilities that operate inside the human body in real-time. The current state-of-the-art in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics points to the Terahertz (THz) band (0.1–10 THz) and the optical frequency bands (infrared, 30–400 THz, and visible, 400–750 THz) as the promising spectral bands for nanosensor communications. In this paper, we propose and analyze a biocompatible modulation technique for iWNSNs. A mathematical framework is formulated to optimize the parameters of an adaptive Time Spread On-Off Keying (OOK) pulse-based modulation. This optimization considers both the physics of the intra-body optical channel and the light-matter interactions, along with the resulting photo-thermal effects in biological tissues. The outcomes of the analytical optimization model are validated through extensive numerical simulations. The results highlight a trade-off between link efficiency and the biocompatibility of the transmitted signals. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed biocompatible modulation technique can easily achieve a Bit Error Rate (BER) of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 before coding, within the bio-safety measures, indicating a reliable intra-body channel for data transmission. This means that the channel can effectively convey information, such as health monitoring data or control signals for medical devices, without significant data loss or corruption.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"383-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Molecular Communication Perspective on Detecting Arterial Plaque Formation 检测动脉斑块形成的分子通讯视角

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423005

Pit Hofmann;Sebastian Schmidt;Alexander Wietfeld;Pengjie Zhou;Jonas Fuchtmann;Frank H. P. Fitzek;Wolfgang Kellerer

{"title":"A Molecular Communication Perspective on Detecting Arterial Plaque Formation","authors":"Pit Hofmann;Sebastian Schmidt;Alexander Wietfeld;Pengjie Zhou;Jonas Fuchtmann;Frank H. P. Fitzek;Wolfgang Kellerer","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423005","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of plaques in human blood vessels, known as atherosclerosis, represents one of the major causes of death worldwide. Synthetic molecular communication (MC), in combination with nanotechnology, is envisioned to enable novel approaches toward diagnosing, monitoring, and treating diseases. In this paper, we propose an investigation of the effects of plaque formation on the human blood vessel as an MC channel. By characterizing these changes, the early detection of plaques using MC networks in the human circulatory system could become possible. We model a simplified blood flow scenario in a human carotid artery using OpenFOAM. Nanoparticles are released in the bloodstream in front of a region obstructed by a plaque, and their transport and distribution are evaluated as they pass through. The results are obtained for different plaque sizes and channel lengths. We observe a significant impact of a growing plaque on the channel characteristics in terms of a reduced propagation delay and a decrease in the cumulative number of received particles due to particles trapped by the plaque. Therefore, the receiver could detect abnormalities from a change in these channel conditions over time. Further investigation of these methods in conjunction with more realistic modeling of the channel and communication nodes will be necessary to confirm the results. It could contribute towards advanced future methods of diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"458-463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10586804","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Error Probability Optimization for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in DBMC Networks DBMC 网络非正交多址接入的错误概率优化

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420739

Alexander Wietfeld;Sebastian Schmidt;Wolfgang Kellerer

{"title":"Error Probability Optimization for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in DBMC Networks","authors":"Alexander Wietfeld;Sebastian Schmidt;Wolfgang Kellerer","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420739","url":null,"abstract":"Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) represents a promising option for differentiating multiple transmitters using only a single molecule type in a future diffusion-based molecular communication (DBMC) network. This paper addresses the bit error probability optimization of a DBMC-NOMA network with bio-nano-machines incapable of complex computations for classical optimization methods. We propose a pilot-symbol-based algorithm to approximate the optimal detection threshold and emitted number of transmitted molecules. Our solution is based on two algorithms for the separate optimization of thresholds and the number of molecules, which are applied alternatingly. Our Monte-Carlo simulation results show that the algorithm reliably approaches the global optimum parameter values regardless of initial values and signaling-molecule-to-noise ratio. Since it is composed of only a few basic operations, such as comparisons and additions, there is potential for an implementation using stochastic chemical reaction networks in future work.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"481-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10577441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synchronized Relaying in Molecular Communication: An AI-Based Approach Using a Mobile Testbed Setup 分子通信中的同步中继：使用移动测试平台设置的基于人工智能的方法

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420792

Lisa Y. Debus;Pit Hofmann;Jorge Torres Gómez;Frank H. P. Fitzek;Falko Dressler

{"title":"Synchronized Relaying in Molecular Communication: An AI-Based Approach Using a Mobile Testbed Setup","authors":"Lisa Y. Debus;Pit Hofmann;Jorge Torres Gómez;Frank H. P. Fitzek;Falko Dressler","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420792","url":null,"abstract":"Relay mechanisms are an important part of communication systems and, therefore, naturally occurring molecular communication (MC) links. Multiple techniques have been proposed for designing MC relay-aided setups, assuming synchronous operation and perfect timing during the decoding process. In this paper, we propose using a reinforcement learning (RL)-based synchronizer to continually adapt a decoding threshold and detect transmitted synchronization frames in a dynamic MC environment. We implement our approach in a two-hop MC link model with mobility and show its advantages compared to filter-based maximum likelihood (ML) synchronization. Thereby, we utilized a macroscale, air-based MC testbed for the experimental determination of the channel impulse response (CIR) for a more realistic channel model. Our simulation results exhibit the potential of an RL-based synchronizer with a similarly high detection rate, a false positive rate one order of magnitude lower, and a misalignment several bit times lower compared to the state of the art.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"470-475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

QL-Based Adaptive Transceivers for the IoBNT Communications 用于 IoBNT 通信的基于 QL 的自适应收发器

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420749

Roya Khanzadeh;Stefan Angerbauer;Jorge Torres Gomez;Andreas Springer;Falko Dressler;Werner Haselmayr

{"title":"QL-Based Adaptive Transceivers for the IoBNT Communications","authors":"Roya Khanzadeh;Stefan Angerbauer;Jorge Torres Gomez;Andreas Springer;Falko Dressler;Werner Haselmayr","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420749","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an adaptive transceiver scheme for bio-nano things (NTs) situated within blood vessels communicating through a time-varying molecular channel. The proposed scheme employs a Q-learning-based adaptive transceiver (a so-called QL-ADT), wherein an agent gradually learns how to adapt the transmission parameters to the current state of the channel. A real heart rate dataset is used to estimate the blood flow velocities over time, based on which a time-varying molecular channel is modelled. In the practical implementation of the QL-ADT, an external gateway, situated on the skin, monitors the body’s heart rate over time and interfaces with the NTs through implantable nano devices. The gateway dynamically adjusts the communication parameters of the NTs based on the measured heart rate and what it has learned during the training phase. The proposed QL-ADT scheme showed significant improvement in the achievable raw bit rate (RBR) and error performance for a real heart rate dataset.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"476-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10577429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IEEE Communications Society Information IEEE 通信学会信息

IF 2.2

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3401513

引用次数: 0

Guest Editorial Plenty of Room at at Bottom: Ten Years of DNA-Based Data Storage 特约编辑：底部空间充足：基于 DNA 的数据存储十年

IF 2.2

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3408174

Han Mao Kiah;Paul H. Siegel;Eitan Yaakobi

引用次数: 0

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Publication Information 电气和电子工程师学会《分子、生物和多尺度通信论文集》（IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications）出版信息

IF 2.2

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3401509

引用次数: 0

Resource Allocation Optimization in Mobile Multiuser Molecular Communication by Deep Neural Network 利用深度神经网络优化移动多用户分子通信中的资源分配

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3412669

Zhen Cheng;Jun Yan;Jie Sun;Shubin Zhang;Kaikai Chi

{"title":"Resource Allocation Optimization in Mobile Multiuser Molecular Communication by Deep Neural Network","authors":"Zhen Cheng;Jun Yan;Jie Sun;Shubin Zhang;Kaikai Chi","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3412669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3412669","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile molecular communication (MMC) is expected to be a promising technology for drug delivery. This paper studies a multiuser MMC system in a three-dimensional diffusive environment, which is composed of multiple transmitter nanomachines and one receiver nanomachine. Considering that all transmitter nanomachines release the same type of molecules for information transmission, the mechanism of time division multiple access (TDMA) is employed in this system. Under the release resource constraint which requires that the total number of released molecules of all transmitter nanomachines is fixed, the resource allocation optimization plays a significant role in the performance of this system. When the environmental variables in this multiuser MMC system change, the traditional optimization algorithms need to reoptimize the resource allocation to minimize the average bit error probability (BEP) of this system, which results in more run time. In order to reduce the run time, we propose an algorithm designed based on deep neural network (DNN) to obtain the optimal resource allocation scheme. For the trained DNN, once the input is given, it does not need to re-execute the optimization process and the output can be instantaneously obtained. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithm has a shorter run time and lower average BEP compared with other existing traditional optimization algorithms used in MMC, including bisection algorithm and genetic algorithm. The optimization results are approximate to the optimal solutions obtained by the exhaustive search. These analysis results can provide help in designing a multiuser MMC with optimal resource allocation.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"409-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0