IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications最新文献_第4页

Nanoantennas and Nanoradars: The Future of Integrated Sensing and Communication at the Nanoscale 纳米天线和纳米雷达：纳米尺度下集成传感和通信的未来

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3434545

M. Javad Fakhimi;Ozgur B. Akan

{"title":"Nanoantennas and Nanoradars: The Future of Integrated Sensing and Communication at the Nanoscale","authors":"M. Javad Fakhimi;Ozgur B. Akan","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3434545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3434545","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoantennas, operating at optical frequencies, are a transformative technology with broad applications in 6G wireless communication, IoT, smart cities, healthcare, and medical imaging. This paper explores their fundamental aspects, applications, and advancements, aiming for a comprehensive understanding of their potential in various applications. It begins by investigating macroscopic and microscopic Maxwell’s equations governing electromagnetic wave propagation at different scales. The study emphasizes the critical role of surface plasmon polariton wave propagation in enhancing light-matter interactions, contributing to high data rates, and enabling miniaturization. Additionally, it explores using two-dimensional materials like graphene for enhanced control in terahertz communication and sensing. The paper also introduces the employment of nanoantennas as the main building blocks of Nano-scale Radar (NR) systems for the first time in the literature. NRs, integrated with communication signals, promise accurate radar sensing for nanoparticles inside a nano-channel, making them a potential future application in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. These nano-scale radar systems detect and extract physical or electrical properties of nanoparticles through transmitting, receiving, and processing electromagnetic waves at ultra-high frequencies in the optical range. This task requires nanoantennas as transmitters/receivers/transceivers, sharing the same frequency band and hardware for high-performance sensing and resolution.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 4","pages":"493-516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Jamming-Resistant Molecular Communication Scheme 抗干扰分子通信方案

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3426920

Sahar Shahbaz;Mahtab Mirmohseni;Masoumeh Nasiri-Kenari

{"title":"A Jamming-Resistant Molecular Communication Scheme","authors":"Sahar Shahbaz;Mahtab Mirmohseni;Masoumeh Nasiri-Kenari","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3426920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3426920","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity of many in vivo applications necessitates investigating adversarial activities in micro-scale MC systems. On the other hand, macro-scale applications of MC are easier to launch security attacks on. In this paper, we study the problem of jamming attacks in MC, where a concentration transmitter releases a particular type of molecule to send its message over a diffusive channel to a transparent receiver. A jammer wishes to disrupt the communication either by transmitting the same molecule type or a reacting molecule type. We propose jamming-resistant coding schemes to counteract this attack. For this purpose, three jamming models based on different capabilities of attackers and their possible strategies are introduced. The difference of jamming models relates to existence of sensing and learning capabilities. For two jammer types, our coding approaches are based on splitting each time slot into subslots, where a random pre-shared pattern is used to determine the transmit strategy in these subslots. The coding scheme against the third jammer type, which is the strongest one, is designed based on error correction codes with maximum Hamming distance. To analyse the performances of the proposed schemes, we derive the probability of error at the receiver. The results of the proposed schemes against the first and the second types of jammers confirm their effectiveness in protecting against jamming attacks. For example, in the specific case of the jammer channel and main channel discussed in the results section, we achieve an almost 78% reduction in the probability of errors at the receiver compared to a non-coded system when facing the first type of jammer. The third type of jammer represents the worst-case attack scenario, and its performance can be used as an upper bound for system performance.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 4","pages":"534-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Designing a Light-Based Communication System With a Biomolecular Receiver 基于生物分子接收器的光通信系统设计

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3427660

Taha Sajjad;Andrew W. Eckford

引用次数: 0

Age of Information-Based Abnormality Detection With Decay in the Human Circulatory System 人体循环系统中基于信息的异常检测衰减时代

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3426951

Saswati Pal;Jorge Torres Gómez;Regine Wendt;Stefan Fischer;Falko Dressler

{"title":"Age of Information-Based Abnormality Detection With Decay in the Human Circulatory System","authors":"Saswati Pal;Jorge Torres Gómez;Regine Wendt;Stefan Fischer;Falko Dressler","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3426951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3426951","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting abnormalities early by deploying a network of mobile nanosensors within the human body remains a challenging task. Current methods for abnormality detection rely on placing gateways at arbitrary locations. Given the critical importance of timely monitoring and detection in severe infections, relying on arbitrary gateway locations introduces delays in detection. In this work, we conducted an analysis of the impact of gateway placement and infection locations on detection time, detection ratio, and the average Peak Age of Information (PAoI). Furthermore, we also added decay of nanosensors similar to operation in the human body. We investigated its implications on both the detection ratio of abnormalities and the average PAoI. We employed a Monte Carlo simulation involving 1000 nanosensors circulating in the HCS for 500 seconds. The results revealed that the favorable gateway position is at the heart, minimizing detection time and enhancing the detection ratio for various infection locations. Furthermore, we observed that the detection ratio exhibited reduced variance with increased decay rates in nanosensors. Analyzing the PAoI across varying decay rates highlighted the importance of nanosensor quantity in relation to decay rate in ensuring accurate and timely infection localization.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"487-492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BioComm: Biocompatible Physical Layer Design for Wireless Intra-Body Communications BioComm：用于体内无线通信的生物兼容物理层设计

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423021

Pedram Johari;Hadeel Elayan;Josep M. Jornet

{"title":"BioComm: Biocompatible Physical Layer Design for Wireless Intra-Body Communications","authors":"Pedram Johari;Hadeel Elayan;Josep M. Jornet","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423021","url":null,"abstract":"In-vivo Wireless Nanosensor Networks (iWNSNs) consist of nano-sized communicating devices with unprecedented sensing capabilities that operate inside the human body in real-time. The current state-of-the-art in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics points to the Terahertz (THz) band (0.1–10 THz) and the optical frequency bands (infrared, 30–400 THz, and visible, 400–750 THz) as the promising spectral bands for nanosensor communications. In this paper, we propose and analyze a biocompatible modulation technique for iWNSNs. A mathematical framework is formulated to optimize the parameters of an adaptive Time Spread On-Off Keying (OOK) pulse-based modulation. This optimization considers both the physics of the intra-body optical channel and the light-matter interactions, along with the resulting photo-thermal effects in biological tissues. The outcomes of the analytical optimization model are validated through extensive numerical simulations. The results highlight a trade-off between link efficiency and the biocompatibility of the transmitted signals. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed biocompatible modulation technique can easily achieve a Bit Error Rate (BER) of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 before coding, within the bio-safety measures, indicating a reliable intra-body channel for data transmission. This means that the channel can effectively convey information, such as health monitoring data or control signals for medical devices, without significant data loss or corruption.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"383-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Molecular Communication Perspective on Detecting Arterial Plaque Formation 检测动脉斑块形成的分子通讯视角

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423005

Pit Hofmann;Sebastian Schmidt;Alexander Wietfeld;Pengjie Zhou;Jonas Fuchtmann;Frank H. P. Fitzek;Wolfgang Kellerer

{"title":"A Molecular Communication Perspective on Detecting Arterial Plaque Formation","authors":"Pit Hofmann;Sebastian Schmidt;Alexander Wietfeld;Pengjie Zhou;Jonas Fuchtmann;Frank H. P. Fitzek;Wolfgang Kellerer","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3423005","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of plaques in human blood vessels, known as atherosclerosis, represents one of the major causes of death worldwide. Synthetic molecular communication (MC), in combination with nanotechnology, is envisioned to enable novel approaches toward diagnosing, monitoring, and treating diseases. In this paper, we propose an investigation of the effects of plaque formation on the human blood vessel as an MC channel. By characterizing these changes, the early detection of plaques using MC networks in the human circulatory system could become possible. We model a simplified blood flow scenario in a human carotid artery using OpenFOAM. Nanoparticles are released in the bloodstream in front of a region obstructed by a plaque, and their transport and distribution are evaluated as they pass through. The results are obtained for different plaque sizes and channel lengths. We observe a significant impact of a growing plaque on the channel characteristics in terms of a reduced propagation delay and a decrease in the cumulative number of received particles due to particles trapped by the plaque. Therefore, the receiver could detect abnormalities from a change in these channel conditions over time. Further investigation of these methods in conjunction with more realistic modeling of the channel and communication nodes will be necessary to confirm the results. It could contribute towards advanced future methods of diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"458-463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10586804","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Error Probability Optimization for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in DBMC Networks DBMC 网络非正交多址接入的错误概率优化

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420739

Alexander Wietfeld;Sebastian Schmidt;Wolfgang Kellerer

{"title":"Error Probability Optimization for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in DBMC Networks","authors":"Alexander Wietfeld;Sebastian Schmidt;Wolfgang Kellerer","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420739","url":null,"abstract":"Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) represents a promising option for differentiating multiple transmitters using only a single molecule type in a future diffusion-based molecular communication (DBMC) network. This paper addresses the bit error probability optimization of a DBMC-NOMA network with bio-nano-machines incapable of complex computations for classical optimization methods. We propose a pilot-symbol-based algorithm to approximate the optimal detection threshold and emitted number of transmitted molecules. Our solution is based on two algorithms for the separate optimization of thresholds and the number of molecules, which are applied alternatingly. Our Monte-Carlo simulation results show that the algorithm reliably approaches the global optimum parameter values regardless of initial values and signaling-molecule-to-noise ratio. Since it is composed of only a few basic operations, such as comparisons and additions, there is potential for an implementation using stochastic chemical reaction networks in future work.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"481-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10577441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synchronized Relaying in Molecular Communication: An AI-Based Approach Using a Mobile Testbed Setup 分子通信中的同步中继：使用移动测试平台设置的基于人工智能的方法

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420792

Lisa Y. Debus;Pit Hofmann;Jorge Torres Gómez;Frank H. P. Fitzek;Falko Dressler

{"title":"Synchronized Relaying in Molecular Communication: An AI-Based Approach Using a Mobile Testbed Setup","authors":"Lisa Y. Debus;Pit Hofmann;Jorge Torres Gómez;Frank H. P. Fitzek;Falko Dressler","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420792","url":null,"abstract":"Relay mechanisms are an important part of communication systems and, therefore, naturally occurring molecular communication (MC) links. Multiple techniques have been proposed for designing MC relay-aided setups, assuming synchronous operation and perfect timing during the decoding process. In this paper, we propose using a reinforcement learning (RL)-based synchronizer to continually adapt a decoding threshold and detect transmitted synchronization frames in a dynamic MC environment. We implement our approach in a two-hop MC link model with mobility and show its advantages compared to filter-based maximum likelihood (ML) synchronization. Thereby, we utilized a macroscale, air-based MC testbed for the experimental determination of the channel impulse response (CIR) for a more realistic channel model. Our simulation results exhibit the potential of an RL-based synchronizer with a similarly high detection rate, a false positive rate one order of magnitude lower, and a misalignment several bit times lower compared to the state of the art.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"470-475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

QL-Based Adaptive Transceivers for the IoBNT Communications 用于 IoBNT 通信的基于 QL 的自适应收发器

IF 2.4

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420749

Roya Khanzadeh;Stefan Angerbauer;Jorge Torres Gomez;Andreas Springer;Falko Dressler;Werner Haselmayr

{"title":"QL-Based Adaptive Transceivers for the IoBNT Communications","authors":"Roya Khanzadeh;Stefan Angerbauer;Jorge Torres Gomez;Andreas Springer;Falko Dressler;Werner Haselmayr","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3420749","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an adaptive transceiver scheme for bio-nano things (NTs) situated within blood vessels communicating through a time-varying molecular channel. The proposed scheme employs a Q-learning-based adaptive transceiver (a so-called QL-ADT), wherein an agent gradually learns how to adapt the transmission parameters to the current state of the channel. A real heart rate dataset is used to estimate the blood flow velocities over time, based on which a time-varying molecular channel is modelled. In the practical implementation of the QL-ADT, an external gateway, situated on the skin, monitors the body’s heart rate over time and interfaces with the NTs through implantable nano devices. The gateway dynamically adjusts the communication parameters of the NTs based on the measured heart rate and what it has learned during the training phase. The proposed QL-ADT scheme showed significant improvement in the achievable raw bit rate (RBR) and error performance for a real heart rate dataset.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"476-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10577429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IEEE Communications Society Information IEEE 通信学会信息

IF 2.2

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3401513

引用次数: 0