{"title":"Optimal scheduling of the energy storage system in a hybrid micro-grid considering uncertainties, using the stochastic quasi-gradient method","authors":"Masoud Ghazipour Shirvan, Mohamad Hosseini Abardeh, Mehrdad Hojjat","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12115","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Energy storage and renewable sources play a unique role in the future advances of smart grids. In this article, the optimal scheduling of the energy storage system in a hybrid microgrid is presented considering the uncertainties of the renewable generations and the load. The optimisation problem in this article is non-linear and non-convex, therefore conventional optimisation methods such as linear programming (LP) are unable to solve this problem. On the other hand, because of parameters uncertainty, special considerations are required to simulate these parameters. In this regard, a new optimisation algorithm that can solve the non-linearity and non-convexity of the objective function is proposed based on the Stochastic Quasi-Gradient optimisation Method (SQGM). Moreover, the uncertainties of the wind, PV generation, and the load are modelled. Different optimisation algorithms: the conventional Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP), the Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming (SDDP) and the proposed SQGM are compared. A 9-bus benchmark system with distributed generation units is used to evaluate the optimisation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46733376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IET Smart GridPub Date : 2023-05-21DOI: 10.1049/stg2.12114
Yue Xiang, Haotian Yao, Jianping Yang, Jiakun Dai, Junyong Liu
{"title":"Optimal planning of distribution network with transactive energy: Review and framework","authors":"Yue Xiang, Haotian Yao, Jianping Yang, Jiakun Dai, Junyong Liu","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12114","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the emergence of distributed energy resources (DER) and prosumers in the distribution networks, the traditional centralised operation structure has transformed into the decentralised operation and transaction structure, which is regarded as the transactive energy market. Furthermore, the planning problem in the distribution network is deeply affected by the transactive energy market. First, the literature and studies on distribution network planning with DERs are reviewed. Moreover, the multi-stakeholder operation and planning framework under the transactive energy market are analysed. The transactive energy market provides a peer-to-peer (P2P) transaction for third-party prosumers. Several techniques for multi-stakeholders planning and P2P transaction are introduced. Finally, a tri-layer distribution network expansion planning (DNEP) framework integrated with virtual P2P transactions is proposed and analysed to accommodate uncertainties and postpone investment. The key technology and difficulties are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48344050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IET Smart GridPub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.1049/stg2.12111
Lu Liu, Jie Sheng, Hanyu Liang, Jinshan Yang, Haosheng Ye, Junjie Jiang
{"title":"Moth-flame-optimisation based parameter estimation for model-predictive-controlled superconducting magnetic energy storage-battery hybrid energy storage system","authors":"Lu Liu, Jie Sheng, Hanyu Liang, Jinshan Yang, Haosheng Ye, Junjie Jiang","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12111","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Superconducting magnetic energy storage-battery hybrid energy storage system (HESS) has a broad application prospect in balancing direct current (DC) power grid voltage due to its fast dynamic response ability under low-frequency/high-frequency disturbances. Model-predictive-control (MPC) with characteristics such as high sampling rate and wide applicability could be applied to HESS. However, considering that the relevant circuit parameters would change with ambient temperature, interference and ageing, the effect of MPC may deteriorate inevitably. This article proposes an improved MPC strategy for SMES-Battery HESS, taking moth-flame-optimisation (MFO) algorithm to calculate the circuit parameters in real time. The actual parameters are updated by MFO and then sent to model predictive controller to minimise the model mismatches. The advantages of high accuracy and fast convergence speed is verified by comparison with grey wolf optimisation and particle swarm optimisation. The simulation shows that by taking the proposed scheme, DC bus voltage are more stable and the superconducting magnetic energy storage can maintain more than 95% capacity utilisation and avoid over-discharge even if the model parameters are inconsistent with the actual ones under circumstances of alternating current grid fault and fluctuation of new energy output.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45836034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis method of voltage quality in distribution station area based on high-speed power line carrier and GA-ANN in smart grid","authors":"Hanjun Deng, Shuai Yang, Rui Huang, Mouhai Liu, Yeqin Ma, Yinghai Xie","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12112","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aiming at the problem that most of the existing methods cannot obtain and accurately analyse the voltage quality of distribution network in time, a method for monitoring and analysing the voltage quality of distribution station area based on high-speed power line carrier under the power Internet of Things (PIoT) architecture in smart grid is proposed. Firstly, based on the PIoT architecture, a monitoring system for the distribution station area is designed, which realises the reliable monitoring of the voltage in the station area through the information interaction of the sensing layer, the network layer, the platform layer and the application layer. Then, the high-speed power line carrier is used to realise the rapid monitoring and collection of the station data, which improves the quality of basic data, and the principal component analysis method is used to extract the voltage quality characteristics and reduce the dimension. Finally, genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimise the training of artificial neural network (ANN) to obtain the best improved GA-ANN network model. It is used to analyse the voltage quality feature set, which further improves the accuracy of obtaining voltage quality anomalies and related reasons. Based on the established distribution station area, the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the accuracy of voltage quality anomaly monitoring and analysis exceeds 99.5% and 97% respectively, and the average accuracy of low-voltage cause analysis reaches 97.83%, laying a theoretical foundation for building a strong distribution network.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IET Smart GridPub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1049/stg2.12108
Wei Wang, Chunxiao Liu, Yinsheng Su, Siyuan Wang, Bao Li, Qian Ma, Wenchuan Wu
{"title":"An equivalent model-based asynchronous dispatch method for clusters of flexible distributed energy resources","authors":"Wei Wang, Chunxiao Liu, Yinsheng Su, Siyuan Wang, Bao Li, Qian Ma, Wenchuan Wu","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12108","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the increasing number of flexible distributed energy resources, it is difficult for the distribution network to control various devices directly. Therefore, managing and dispatching the resources in a cluster way is required. This article proposes an equivalent model-based asynchronous dispatch framework, which is composed of three layers, the distribution network, clusters, and distributed energy resources. With this framework, economic dispatch is carried out with the equivalent models of clusters, simplifying the dispatch problem of the distribution network. The numerical test results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the calculation time and maintain high accuracy in the economic dispatch problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46637867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive review and a novel technique on voltage unbalance compensation","authors":"Nattanapong Kongtrakul, Wijarn Wangdee, Soamsiri Chantaraskul","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12106","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Voltage unbalance has gained more attention due to a rapid increase in single-phase distributed energy resources (DERs) penetration compound with existing unbalance characteristics of low voltage distribution network. The purposes of this article are to summarise various techniques on voltage unbalance compensation from three different strategies: (1) techniques based on passive approach and advanced power electronics; (2) Techniques based on three-phase DERs; (3) techniques based on single-phase DERs. In addition, a novel voltage unbalance compensation technique that applies a voltage sensitivity analysis along with a symmetrical component concept to meet a desired voltage unbalance factor (VUF) is introduced in this article. Coordination among single-phase DERs that contributes in the voltage unbalance compensation is also considered. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this proposed technique, its results are compared with the results that are obtained using a current unbalance compensation strategy. The results indicate that the novel technique proposed in this study provides more stable voltage unbalance compensation while successfully achieving the specified VUF thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45605683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IET Smart GridPub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.1049/stg2.12105
Ahmed Mohamed, George Saadeh, Ali Kashefi Kaviani
{"title":"Impact of smart photovoltaic inverter control modes on medium-voltage grid voltage and inverter lifetime: An experimental approach","authors":"Ahmed Mohamed, George Saadeh, Ali Kashefi Kaviani","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12105","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study relies on an experimental approach, utilising real data from multiple photovoltaic (PV) sites located in the US Northeaster region, to inspect how different inverter reactive and active power settings impact gird voltage regulation and inverter life expectancy. These voltage regulation schemes come at a cost for the operator. Data from different solar sites with inverters running at different reactive and active power settings were analysed to compare operational trade-offs. These trade-offs range from production losses to shortening the lifetime of the inverters. Voltage versus reactive power plots were analysed to show production losses, while the thermal analysis was used to correlate with the inverter life expectancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42694745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust networked power system load frequency control against hybrid cyber attack","authors":"Xinxin Lv, Yonghui Sun, Venkata Dinavahi, Xinlong Zhao, Feng Qiao","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12107","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern network and communication technologies are essential for the implementation and operation of load frequency control (LFC) systems. The measurements of crucial LFC system parameters will be compromised by attackers, rendering data received by the defence inaccurate and causing frequency fluctuations or even system collapse. To detect the potential attack on measured data and keep the LFC performance, an adaptive event-triggered scheme with fractional order global sliding mode control scheme is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, Markov theory is employed for the modelling process with energy storage to present a multi-area LFC power system considering renewable energy and hybrid cyber attacks. Stability and stabilisation criteria are built by employing improved Lyapunov stability theory and second-order Bessel-Legendre inequality. Finally, a two-area LFC system under hybrid cyber attacks and a modified IEEE 39-bus New England test power system with 3 wind farms are simulated to explore the efficacy of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48155416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IET Smart GridPub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1049/stg2.12104
Meysam Feili, Mohammad Taghi Ameli
{"title":"Integrated operation of gas and power system through the P2P market mechanism","authors":"Meysam Feili, Mohammad Taghi Ameli","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12104","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is a new technology for integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) into the power system. A P2P market allows direct energy trading between end-users, enables local power and energy equilibrium and supports power grid operations. As a common DER, gas-fired power plants are employed to deal with the intermittency of the power system due to their flexible characteristics. Therefore, the intermittency in the power system transmits to the gas system through the gas-fired power plants, which makes the operation of these systems even more interdependent and cost-effective. This paper proposes a market-based two-stage framework for the integrated operation of power and natural gas grids taking into account demand response and both network constraints. In the first stage (scheduling stage), the MINLP-based optimisation approach is used for the optimal scheduling of two energy carriers considering AC power flow and gas hydraulic calculations for the next 24 h. Then, in the second stage, the continuous double auction (CDA)-based P2P energy trading approach is used for enabling customers to trade energy with each other. To simulate human trader behaviour and maximises the benefits of customers, the authors considered the optimum bidding strategy through the zero intelligent plus trader model. The simulations executed on a 33-bus power distribution grid and a 33-node gas network indicate that the proposed framework can dramatically reduce the total operational cost and improve the performance of both networks. Using only the MINLP optimisation problem, first stage, the total operational cost of both networks is reduced by 15.58%, while the voltage profile at the end of the power grid is improved by about 7%. In the next stage, the total operating cost of both networks is further decreased by 29.31% via implementing the P2P energy trading mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42393431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IET Smart GridPub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1049/stg2.12065
Karanveer Bhachu, Ayman Elkasrawy, Bala Venkatesh
{"title":"Fuzzy optimisation model of an incremental capacity auction formulation with greenhouse gas consideration","authors":"Karanveer Bhachu, Ayman Elkasrawy, Bala Venkatesh","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12065","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An incremental capacity auction (ICA) is a mechanism to procure future generation capacity in a power system. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from generators negatively affect our climate and there is a real need to reduce them. Thus, it is critically important for ICA models to procure future generation capacity that reduces GHG emissions. In this paper, we propose two ICA models incorporating energy-limited generation (renewables and storage) and a GHG emission constraint. All offers are converted into unforced capacity, negating any effect of energy limitations of generation offers. The first ICA model uses classical optimisation and considers GHG emission limits and maximises social welfare (SW). The second ICA model uses a fuzzy optimisation technique to simultaneously optimise the objectives of SW maximisation and GHG emission minimisation. Both ICA models are tested on two datasets with 10 and 338 capacity supply offers constructed using Ontario data. While both models control GHG emissions as desired, the ICA model with fuzzy optimisation is shown to find a better balance between maximising net SW and minimising GHG emissions, with superior reductions in GHG for minor decreases in SW. Results demonstrate how GHG emission reduction results in increased selection of low carbon generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49291469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}