IET Smart Grid最新文献

{"title":"Multi‐objective interval planning for 5G base station virtual power plants considering the consumption of photovoltaic and communication flexibility","authors":"Dawei Zhang, Xudong Cui, Changbao Xu, Shigao Lv, Lianhe Zhao","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.12178","url":null,"abstract":"Large‐scale deployment of 5G base stations has brought severe challenges to the economic operation of the distribution network, furthermore, as a new type of adjustable load, its operational flexibility has provided a potential way to promote the consumption and utilization of photovoltaic. In this paper, a multi‐objective interval collaborative planning method for virtual power plants and distribution networks is proposed. First, on the basis of in‐depth analysis of the operating characteristics and communication load transmission characteristics of the base station, a 5G base station of virtual power plants participating in the cellular respiratory demand response model is constructed. In view of the inherent contradiction between system economy and environmental performance, a multi‐objective interval optimization model for collaborative planning of virtual power plants and distribution networks is established with the lowest system investment and operating costs and the lowest carbon emissions as the optimization goals. The established model is transformed into a deterministic optimization problem, which is solved by NSGA‐II algorithm. The modified IEEE‐33 node system is used in the case analysis to analyse the impact of different planning schemes and response characteristics on the system economy. The calculation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic assessment of short‐term voltage stability under load and wind uncertainty","authors":"Mohammed Alzubaidi, Kazi N. Hasan, Lasantha Gunaruwan Meegahapola, Mir Toufikur Rahman","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.12180","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary electricity networks are exposed to operational uncertainties, which may jeopardise the stability of the power grid. More specifically, the increasing penetration level of variable renewable energy generation and uncertainty in load demand are key catalysts for these emerging stability issues. A mathematical relationship is established to track the system voltage trajectory with respect to variations in uncertain inputs (associated with wind speed, system load, and wind power penetration levels). Additionally, it demonstrates the consequences of varying uncertain inputs on the short‐term voltage response across different potential operating conditions. The theoretical proposition has further been verified by the simulation studies with two test power networks in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. The simulation results revealed that uncertain injection sources significantly impacted the system voltage at the receiving end. High uncertainty in wind speed and system loads increased voltage recovery variation, causing delays in voltage response during low wind speeds and high system loads. Additionally, increased wind power penetration levels expanded voltage recovery uncertainties, resulting in decreased system voltage and potentially leading to voltage violations and instability at 30% wind power levels. Moreover, the results showed that the system's response time increased, and in some cases, it collapsed due to increased system capacity (>80%) and dynamic load (>75%), as well as encountering a large disturbance under uncertain circumstances.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on reliability assessment of energy storage systems","authors":"Xiaohe Yan, Jialiang Li, Pengfei Zhao, Nian Liu, Liangyou Wang, Bo Yue, Yanchao Liu","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.12179","url":null,"abstract":"As renewable energy, characterised by its intermittent nature, increasingly penetrates the conventional power grid, the role of energy storage systems (ESS) in maintaining energy balance becomes paramount. This dynamic necessitates a rigorous reliability assessment of ESS to ensure consistent energy availability and system stability. The authors provide a review of the existing research on ESS reliability assessment, encompassing various methods, models, reliability indicators, and offers an analysis of future research trends in ESS reliability. Firstly, the authors summarise the different types of ESS and their characteristics, analysing the trends in ESS reliability research and the unique characteristics of ESS compared to conventional power systems. Secondly, the methods used for the assessment are reviewed, including Markov methods, generalised generating functions, Monte Carlo simulations etc. The shortcomings and characteristics of these methods are discussed. The key reliability indicators, such as Mean Time Between Failures and Mean Time to Repair are emphasised. The applied role of reliability studies is summarised. Finally, the perspective of new research trends in ESS reliability assessment are identified, especially the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, and emphasises their potential to further improve the robustness and effectiveness of ESS reliability.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordinated recovery of interdependent power and water distribution systems","authors":"Luis Rodriguez‐Garcia, M. Panteli, M. Parvania","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.12175","url":null,"abstract":"The interdependent nature of power and water distribution systems (WDSs), which magnifies the impact of power outages caused by extreme weather, offers an opportunity to coordinate recovery actions towards enhancing their resilience after a major outage event. The authors develop an approach for the coordinated recovery of interdependent power and WDSs, which enhances the resilience of both infrastructures from an operational standpoint based on the optimised dispatch of existing power and water resources after an extreme weather event. The proposed model allocates the available resources in both power and WDSs—including solar generation, battery energy storage systems, water stored in tanks, and small pumped‐storage hydropower—to minimise the energy and water demand curtailment. The proposed model is tested on the interconnection of IEEE 33‐bus test power distribution system with a 16‐node test WDS. Results for the test system show that, by coordinating the power and water operation during the recovery, the energy curtailment cost reduces by 8.9%, while the water curtailment cost is reduced by 33.5% from adequately allocating energy resources without negatively affecting the demand requirements during the restoration process, when compared to the uncoordinated approach where each infrastructure is operated independently.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incentivising peers in local transactive energy markets: A case study for consumers, prosumers and prosumagers","authors":"Yaa S. A. Kwateng,&nbsp;Dawei Qiu,&nbsp;Goran Strbac","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12166","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12166","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A decarbonised future grid should couple technological novelty with innovative market models to efficiently capture the value of grid-edge decarbonised assets. The transactive energy (TE) concept inverts the centralised grid model by leveraging the evolution of consumers to prosumers to prosumagers. The principal TE market design challenge is transactive control—using market and pricing mechanisms to coordinate autonomous peer interactions, to optimally allocate power and incentivise peers. Peer attraction, incentivisation and retention are all critical for practical TE implementation along three adoption stages, starting from independent peer transactions with the centralised market; to decentralised peer coordination; towards distributed peer-to-peer trading. Addressing gaps in related scholarship, the authors investigate the economic positions of distinct peer roles in each adoption stage and two local pricing strategies. Using a real market dataset, trading decisions are simulated over a 1-year horizon at hourly granularity. Coordinated action achieves better transactive control for the community, with economic superiority over centralised and distributed mechanisms. Distinct peer incentives should equitably align with their contribution to market functionality, such as the value ascribed to prosumagers' flexibility in local pricing and the constrained bargaining power of prosumers in distributed bilateral negotiations.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141341812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent stability monitoring and improvement of grid‐connected converter under weighted average control","authors":"Yuan Qiu, Yanbo Wang, Yanjun Tian, Zhe Chen","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.12176","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an intelligent stability monitoring and improvement method for the grid‐connected converter system. The model of grid‐connected converter, based on the weighted average current feedback (WACF) and weighted average voltage feedforward (WAVF) control, is first established. Then, the time‐varying grid impedance and parameter perturbation of LCL‐filter are precisely identified by artificial neural network (ANN) module in real time. Furthermore, the control parameters are adaptively tuned by certain rules based on the predicted parameters to increase the high‐frequency stability margin of converter system. Simulation and experimental results are given to validate the proposed identification and parameter tuning method. The proposed method is able to monitor the real‐time operation state of the grid‐connected converter and improve the self‐adaptivity of the grid‐connected converter system against parameter perturbation.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review on dynamic state estimation techniques with cybersecurity applications","authors":"Zhuoran Zhou,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Jinning Zhang,&nbsp;Gareth Taylor","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.12168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The role of cybersecurity in cyber-physical power systems (CPPS) is reviewed, focusing on the applications of dynamic state estimation (DSE) techniques. These DSE techniques are particularly relevant with the integration of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and advanced communication infrastructure. A comprehensive review on DSE techniques and applications to efficiently protect CPPS against cyberattacks is classified into three cyber resilience phases including prevention, detection, and mitigation. The DSE techniques in the prevention phase are surveyed to improve the observability of the CPPS by the robust design of the Kalman filter and optimal protection of PMUs. The DSE techniques in the detection phase are surveyed to improve the adaptability of CPPS in various attack detection scenerios and optimise the detection accuracy. The DSE techniques in the mitigation phase are surveyed to enhance the flexibility of CPPS resource utilisation with compensation-based, isolation-based, and scheduling-based strategies. Finally, the benefits and limitations of each DSE technique are summarised with potential suggestions on research directions for enhancing the cyber resilience of CPPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141994330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editorial: Energy storage for green transition of electrical grids","authors":"Navid Bayati,&nbsp;Thomas Ebel,&nbsp;Mehdi Savaghebi,&nbsp;Zhengyu Lin,&nbsp;Haoran Zhao,&nbsp;Mousa Marzband,&nbsp;Payman Dehghanian","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.12174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Energy storage systems (ESSs) are needed in the smart grids both at the generation, transmission, and distribution levels, and different types of ESSs have widely different characteristics and are suitable for different tasks and situations. In recent years, the smart grid concept has been dramatically developed in different applications, such as islands, shipboards, aircraft, microgrids and grid integration of renewables. With the wide application of ESS in smart grids, significant technical challenges remain along with the enhancement of smart grid operations and services. These challenges can be categorised as control of ESS, optimal operation, and energy management systems, optimal design of hybrid ESS, protection of ESS, and power electronics for ESS connections. This necessitates suitable design and control of the interfaces between ESSs in smart grids, as well as consideration of different applications of smart grid systems. This special issue of IET smart grid is focused on research ideas, articles, and experimental studies related to ‘Energy Storage for Green Transition of Electrical Grids’ from contributors in universities, industries, and research laboratories to develop and propose novel solutions on applications of ESS in smart grids.</p><p>This special issue presents six papers providing some methodologies within the field of ongoing research and development, all of which were selected after undergoing a thorough peer-review process. Below, we expand the publications on this special issue. Some common themes within the papers on this special issue include control of hybrid storage systems, energy management of electric vehicles (EVs), photovoltaics (PV), and ESS, and voltage regulation of storage systems. All of these attributes are vitally important to the integration of energy storage for the green transition of power grids. Moreover, the overall submissions have high quality, which marks the success of this special issue.</p><p>In the paper ‘Moth-Flame-Optimization Based Parameter Estimation for Model-Predictive-Controlled SMES-Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System’ by Liu et al., the authors propose an improved model-predictive-control (MPC) approach for superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)-battery hybrid energy storage system (HESS) by using the moth-flame-optimisation (MFO) algorithm to determine the circuit parameters in real-time. The actual parameters are updated by MFO and then sent to the MPC to minimise the model mismatches. The advantages of the proposed method, in terms of accuracy and convergence speed, are verified by comparison with Grey Wolf optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The simulation results prove that by taking the proposed strategy, DC bus voltage is more stable and the SMES can maintain more than 95% of capacity utilisation and avoid over-discharge even if the model parameters are inconsistent with the actual ones under circumstances of AC grid fault and fluctuation of n","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep learning based communication traffic prediction approach for smart monitoring of distributed energy resources in virtual power plants","authors":"Meng Hou,&nbsp;Shidong Liu,&nbsp;Qingrong Zheng,&nbsp;Chuan Liu,&nbsp;Xi Zhang,&nbsp;Chongqing Kang","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12173","DOIUrl":"10.1049/stg2.12173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Virtual power plants (VPPs) have been widely recognized as a key enabler for energy system neutrality. The communication traffic of a VPP fundamentally indicates its activeness in interacting with the power system, thus providing a new dimension in depicting the behaviour characteristics of distributed energy resources in VPPs. Therefore, the prediction of communication traffic is significant in improving the control efficiency of VPPs. However, due to the involvement of numerous interactive agents characterised by both individual randomness and coordinative characteristics, traditional prediction models are no longer capable of fitting VPP communication traffic effectively. Therefore, a  novel prediction model is introduced that enhances the prediction accuracy by integrating long short-term memory (LSTM) and variational mode decomposition (VMD). This model employs VMD as the initial step for extracting the intrinsic modes from the traffic sequence, thereby mitigating the impact of incidental noise. Then, LSTM is applied to fit each intrinsic mode individually. Additionally, considering the outer influencing factors, the attention mechanism is incorporated. Finally, all sub-prediction algorithms are neatly integrated as a whole prediction model. The proposed model is evaluated through simulation prediction using realistic VPP communication traffic data, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editorial: Planning and operation of integrated energy systems for decarbonisation","authors":"Yue Xiang,&nbsp;Hongcai Zhang,&nbsp;Chenghong Gu,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Can Wan,&nbsp;Shenxi Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Sun,&nbsp;Jia Liu,&nbsp;Zhukui Tan","doi":"10.1049/stg2.12172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.12172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Integrated energy systems’ decarbonization is vital to deal with the global warming problem. An integrated energy system, which is interconnected with various energy resources and highly aggregated with groups of residential, commercial, and/or industrial buildings, is becoming the primary target for low-carbon transition due to its large energy consumption and high carbon emission density. The decarbonisation of integrated energy systems is of great significance in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. The integrated energy system generally provides ideas for integrating multiple elements of the urban energy system, such as electricity, natural gas, heat networks, as well as residential, commercial, industrial or associated service systems and transportation, which makes the mechanism and method of decarbonisation more difficult and complicated. Meanwhile, digital technologies such as IoT, ICT, machine learning, and big data are drawing much attention as they can aid the decarbonisation process. With these novel technologies' promotion, the improvement will be made in terms of economy, energy efficiency and environmental benefit when developing an integrated energy system towards low-carbon/zero-carbon.</p><p>This IET Smart Grid special issue on Planning and Operation of Integrated Energy Systems for Decarbonisation invites a broad spectrum of contributors from universities, industry, research laboratories, and policymakers to develop and present novel solutions and technologies that will facilitate and advance the agenda of deep decarbonisation of integrated energy systems.</p><p>This special issue solicits original research papers that target at, but are not restricted to, the following aspects. It is worth noting that this special issue places an emphasis on addressing the mutual research interests of academics and industry.</p><p>In this special issue, we have received several papers, all of which underwent the peer-review process. Of the submitted papers, only six have been accepted. Thus, the overall submissions were of high quality, which marks the success of this special issue.</p><p>The six accepted papers can be clustered into four main categories, including energy market, energy development, energy operation in distribution networks and state estimation. Among these categories, the first one offers a framework of energy market, such as peer-to-peer (P2P) transaction for third-party prosumers, operation and planning techniques for multi-stakeholders planning in distribution networks, whose authors are Xiang et al. The second one exhibits novelties in the energy management, such as power generation with flexible energy resource pathways evolution from the view of CO₂ emission, and renewable energies development in extreme scenario generation, whose authors are Li et al. and Peng et al. The third one proposes some methods for energy operation in distribution networks, such as the total supply capability (TSC) and operati","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.12172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141994044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}