IET Smart Grid最新文献

Early Fault Indicator Through Continuous Surveillance of Transient Phenomena in Power Grid Systems 基于电网暂态现象连续监测的早期故障指示器

IF 2.4

IET Smart Grid Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1049/stg2.70024

Dragos Nastasiu, Denis Stanescu, Angela Digulescu, Cornel Ioana, Cristina Despina-Stoian

引用次数: 0

A Novel Sliding Mode Control Strategy of the Grid-Connected Inverter Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage 电网电压不平衡下并网逆变器的滑模控制策略

IF 2.4

IET Smart Grid Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1049/stg2.70025

Shiqi Wang, Guangchen Liu, Yuanyuan Wu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Shunli Wang, Fangsheng Wang, Sen Su

{"title":"A Novel Sliding Mode Control Strategy of the Grid-Connected Inverter Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage","authors":"Shiqi Wang, Guangchen Liu, Yuanyuan Wu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Shunli Wang, Fangsheng Wang, Sen Su","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"As the actual grid voltage is not always balanced, the control strategy of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter significantly affects the quality of the current injected into the grid. The double closed-loop control strategy based on the traditional proportional–integral controller cannot effectively suppress the second-order harmonic fluctuation of inverter output power and grid current distortion under unbalanced grid voltage. According to the mathematical model of a grid-connected inverter under unbalanced grid voltage, this paper proposes a novel sliding mode control strategy to eliminate negative sequence current. The strategy eliminates the necessity for separating positive- and negative-sequence currents or implementing decoupling control, thereby simplifying the controller design and parameter adjustment. The designed sliding mode controller with an integral sliding surface and an improved exponential approaching law mitigates chattering while enhancing the system response speed. Simulation and experimental studies of the proposed control strategy are conducted under unbalanced grid voltage conditions to verify its feasibility and effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Techno-Economic Performance of Synchronous Condensers and Static Synchronous Compensators in Renewable Energy-Integrated Weak-Grids Using Hedge Feedforward Feedback-Based Online Gated Recurrent Unit 基于套期前馈反馈的在线门控循环单元评估可再生能源集成弱电网中同步冷凝器和静态同步补偿器的技术经济性能

IF 2.4

IET Smart Grid Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1049/stg2.70022

Md Ohirul Qays, Iftekhar Ahmad, Daryoush Habibi, Mohammad A. S. Masoum

{"title":"Assessing Techno-Economic Performance of Synchronous Condensers and Static Synchronous Compensators in Renewable Energy-Integrated Weak-Grids Using Hedge Feedforward Feedback-Based Online Gated Recurrent Unit","authors":"Md Ohirul Qays, Iftekhar Ahmad, Daryoush Habibi, Mohammad A. S. Masoum","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve net-zero targets in many counties, renewable energy generators (REGs) are integrated with grids where less fault current is produced compared to synchronous generators. Accordingly, fault level availability, known as ‘system strength’, is reduced at point of coupling (POC) buses. A minimum system strength level is crucial for REGs to accurately detect and ride-through faults. To maintain adequate system strength in renewable energy-based weak grids, researchers and engineers have recommended supplementary devices, such as synchronous condensers (SynCons) or static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs), to provide the required fault-current. Because SynCons and STATCOMs are costly devices, their optimal sizes and placement were investigated in existing literature. However, no long-term techno-economic analysis was conducted to confirm appropriate selection between SynCons and STATCOMs. To address the research gap, this paper investigates the long-term financial feasibility of SynCons and STATCOMs by considering their optimal allocation and sizes. A hedge feedforward feedback-based online gated recurrent unit (HFF-OLGRU) optimisation learning algorithm is developed and compared with existing learning approaches in order to determine the best solution. The technical and economic findings suggest that SynCons improve voltage recovery time approximately 0.06 s and achieve net profit USD$42.68M over STATCOMs in renewable energy-based weak grids.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Role of Energy Management Systems in Enhancing Operational Efficiency and Sustainability of Mini-Grids in Malawi 评估能源管理系统在提高马拉维微型电网运行效率和可持续性方面的作用

IF 2.4

IET Smart Grid Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1049/stg2.70023

Shaibu Ali Juma, Sarah Paul Ayeng'o, Cuthbert Z. M. Kimambo

{"title":"Evaluating the Role of Energy Management Systems in Enhancing Operational Efficiency and Sustainability of Mini-Grids in Malawi","authors":"Shaibu Ali Juma, Sarah Paul Ayeng'o, Cuthbert Z. M. Kimambo","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the role of energy management systems (EMS) in enhancing the operational performance, cost-efficiency and sustainability of mini-grids (MGs) in Malawi. Drawing on survey data from MG operators, the study analyses key technical parameters and MG monitoring performance practices, including voltage and frequency monitoring, load balancing and fault detection. The findings highlight EMS's critical role in reducing system downtime, improving operational reliability and enabling effective renewable energy (RE) integration. A cost-wise analysis of capital expenditure (CAPEX) per kW reveals significant disparities among operators, with larger systems achieving better economies of scale through advanced EMS functionalities. Despite the EMS benefits, adoption is constrained by high CAPEX, limited technical expertise and resource constraints. The study recommends strategies such as tailored cost-effective EMS solutions, capacity-building initiatives for MG operators and policy interventions to overcome these barriers. These solutions can significantly enhance MG systems' long-term sustainability and scalability in grid-connected and autonomous settings. Future research should focus on advancing EMS technologies, developing benchmarking frameworks and formulating regulatory support mechanisms to facilitate broader EMS adoption in Malawi and similar contexts.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced Generation of Uncertainty Scenarios to Enhance a Stochastic Day-Ahead Scheduling in a Local Energy Community 基于不确定性情景先进生成的局部能源社区随机日前调度

IF 2.4

IET Smart Grid Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1049/stg2.70021

An Thien Huu Nguyen, Truong Hoang Bao Huy, Han Slootweg, Phuong Hong Nguyen

{"title":"Advanced Generation of Uncertainty Scenarios to Enhance a Stochastic Day-Ahead Scheduling in a Local Energy Community","authors":"An Thien Huu Nguyen, Truong Hoang Bao Huy, Han Slootweg, Phuong Hong Nguyen","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"Local energy communities (LECs) represent a collaborative approach to managing energy resources, where community members share and optimise the use of distributed energy resources (DERs). Hence, they require multiple objective functions to optimise a set of objectives, including economic, environmental, social and technical considerations while addressing the diverse interests of community members and stakeholders. Due to the complexity of LECs and the unpredictability of DERs, real-time operations in LECs often deviate significantly from day-ahead scheduling. To tackle these challenges, this paper presents a stochastic multi-objective optimization framework designed to improve day-ahead scheduling by accounting for forecasting errors in DERs. The proposed method employs advanced scenario generation techniques, including multivariate copulas and quantile forecasting, to capture uncertainties in load demand and renewable production without relying on prior distribution assumptions. The results demonstrate significant improvements in energy bill savings, grid management and user comfort, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework using a real-world dataset from a living lab in the Netherlands.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bi-Level Optimisation Model for Harvesting Spatial-Temporal Load Shifting Flexibility of Data Centres Using Endogenously Formed Locational Price Signal 利用内生位置价格信号获取数据中心时空负荷转移灵活性的双层优化模型

IF 2.4

IET Smart Grid Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1049/stg2.70020

Ding Ma, Yujian Ye, Yizhi Wu, Dezhi Xu, Zhaohao Ding, Goran Strbac

{"title":"Bi-Level Optimisation Model for Harvesting Spatial-Temporal Load Shifting Flexibility of Data Centres Using Endogenously Formed Locational Price Signal","authors":"Ding Ma, Yujian Ye, Yizhi Wu, Dezhi Xu, Zhaohao Ding, Goran Strbac","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid advancement of digital information technology, the demand for computational power continues to grow, driving the expansion of the data centre (DC) industry, leading to gigantic amount of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. DCs, serving as flexible and adjustable resources on the load side of power systems, are essential to the operation of modern energy systems. In this context, this paper proposes a coordinated and secure scheduling strategy for DCs and power system, utilising spatial-temporal flexibility. First, the architecture and operational characteristics of DCs are analysed, followed by the development of an power consumption model to quantify their spatial-temporal flexibility. Then, a bi-level optimisation model is developed to coordinate computational power and electricity, considering DCs' dual roles as independent operators and flexible resources that influence locational electricity prices. Finally, simulation analyses are performed on the modified IEEE 39-node system. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively utilises the spatial-temporal flexibility of DCs, alleviating system congestion. In terms of economic benefits, it enhances the cost efficiency of the DCs by 70% and reduces the system's operating costs by 46%. Regarding environmental impact, the strategy increases renewable energy consumption by 26.58% and significantly reduces carbon emissions by 63%.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frequency-Constrained Real-Time Co-Optimisation of Energy and Regulation Reserve Integrated With Battery Energy Storage Systems 与电池储能系统集成的频率约束能量和调节储备实时协同优化

IF 2.4

IET Smart Grid Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1049/stg2.70017

Mohammad Amin Mirzaei, Masood Parvania

{"title":"Frequency-Constrained Real-Time Co-Optimisation of Energy and Regulation Reserve Integrated With Battery Energy Storage Systems","authors":"Mohammad Amin Mirzaei, Masood Parvania","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a real-time co-optimisation framework integrated with automatic generation control (RTC-AGC) for the optimal reallocation of energy and regulation reserves in real-time electricity markets. A rolling-horizon optimisation approach is also proposed to dynamically optimise resource scheduling by reallocating based on forecasted load demand and renewable generation patterns over a moving time window. Inverter-based battery energy storage (IBES) systems are also introduced as flexible resources to regulate frequency deviation in AGC by optimally reallocating up- and down-regulation reserves in the real-time market. The integrated RTC-AGC framework accurately represents the dynamic behaviour of thermal generation units and IBES systems, enabling the precise and cost-efficient reallocation of up- and down-regulation reserves in the real-time market. The proposed model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming model and solved by the CPLEX solver in GAMS software. The findings highlight that IBES can significantly reduce frequency deviations by 50% while lowering operational costs by 7.13% in power systems integrated with renewable energy resources.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stochastic Safety, Economy, and Low-Carbon Optimisation in Smart Distribution Networks 智能配电网的随机安全、经济和低碳优化

IF 2.4

IET Smart Grid Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1049/stg2.70018

Qiran Liu, Yueyang Xu, Qionglin Li, Ze Wang, Qunhai Huo, Tongzhen Wei

{"title":"Stochastic Safety, Economy, and Low-Carbon Optimisation in Smart Distribution Networks","authors":"Qiran Liu, Yueyang Xu, Qionglin Li, Ze Wang, Qunhai Huo, Tongzhen Wei","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"Under the dual-carbon target, distributed energy sources often cause power mismatches between supply and load, challenging the stability and safety of distribution networks. This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation system for active distribution network operation, focusing on safety, economy and low carbon emissions. A cooperative optimal scheduling strategy for multiple agents based on stochastic programming is also introduced. The operating characteristics of energy sources, storage and loads are modelled to quantify their flexible regulation capabilities. A unified multi-objective evaluation system is constructed with matching constraints designed and linearised. A smart distribution network cooperative optimisation model is proposed, using the improved K-means algorithm to generate typical scenarios and obtain optimal scheduling schemes through mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimisation. The simulation model is developed on the MATLAB-YALMIP platform and solved using CPLEX. In representative annual scenarios, the strategy improves the economic index by 10.9%, the low-carbon index by an average of 10.7% and the overall index by an average of 12.7%. The results show significant enhancement in multi-dimensional operational metrics, highlighting its practical relevance.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Entropy-Based Hybrid Conjugate Gradient Scheme for Locating High Impedance Faults in DC Microgrids 基于熵的混合共轭梯度法在直流微电网高阻抗故障定位中的应用

IF 2.4

IET Smart Grid Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1049/stg2.70015

Reza Rahmani, Seyed Hossein Hesamedin Sadeghi, Hossein Askarian Abyaneh, Mohammad Javad Emadi

{"title":"An Entropy-Based Hybrid Conjugate Gradient Scheme for Locating High Impedance Faults in DC Microgrids","authors":"Reza Rahmani, Seyed Hossein Hesamedin Sadeghi, Hossein Askarian Abyaneh, Mohammad Javad Emadi","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"This Paper proposes an efficient inversion scheme based on Shannon entropy to determine the location of high impedance faults (HIFs) in DC microgrids in the presence of noise. The proposed scheme adopts a phenomenological approach that uses a physical model to iteratively solve the inverse problem. The problem is posed as an optimisation problem that determines the most likely location of a fault by minimising an appropriate objective function; it denotes the disparity between the entropy of the current waveforms observed by the protection relays at the time of fault detection and their model-predicted counterparts. A hybrid optimisation technique based on the conjugate gradient method is adopted in the inversion process that secures a robust and fast convergence of the proposed method. The primary advantage of this scheme is its accuracy in noisy environments with no limitation on the type of fault and value of fault impedance. To examine the performance of the proposed scheme, a mesh-type DC microgrid is simulated and the results are compared with one of the state of-the-art methods. It has been shown that the proposed method can accurately locate HIFs with fault resistance as high as 100 Ω and signal-to-noise ratio as low as 20 dB.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resilient Preventive Dispatch Considering Load Priority and Interdependence of Critical Infrastructures 考虑负荷优先级和关键基础设施相互依赖的弹性预防调度

IF 2.4

IET Smart Grid Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1049/stg2.70012

Ying Yang, Yuting Mou, Beibei Wang

{"title":"Resilient Preventive Dispatch Considering Load Priority and Interdependence of Critical Infrastructures","authors":"Ying Yang, Yuting Mou, Beibei Wang","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"As extreme weather events become increasingly frequent and societal development places greater emphasis on a stable electricity supply, there is an increasing focus on the resilience of electrical distribution systems (EDSs). This is especially crucial in preventing cascading failures among interdependent critical infrastructures, such as medical, water, and telecommunication systems. Proactively preparing to cope with disruptive events causing a high risk of power outage is essential for improving the resilience of EDSs. A performance index, human well-being loss (HWL), is proposed to assess the disruption to people's quality of life during extreme weather events, considering the interdependence among critical infrastructures. Based on the proposed index, a novel resilience enhancement framework is proposed, which takes into account expected generation costs, economic losses due to power curtailment and HWL. Subsequently, a two-stage stochastic model for preventive disaster is presented, which optimises power rationing strategies and dispatch schedules. Through a series of case studies, the authors illustrate that the proposed framework can effectively reduce costs, alleviate abnormal operational hours of critical infrastructures and achieve a balance between economic, safety, and social benefits.","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0