IET Smart Grid最新文献

{"title":"Research on Sub-Synchronous Oscillation Suppression Strategy of Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Active Disturbance Rejection Control","authors":"Binbin Zhang,&nbsp;Cong Li,&nbsp;Chaobo Chen,&nbsp;Kun Wang","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For the sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) phenomenon that occurs during the grid-connection process of direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine (D-PMSG), the traditional PI controller is less effective. For this reason, this paper proposes a SSO suppression strategy based on a fuzzy active disturbance rejection control (fuzzy-ADRC). The strategy replaces the PI controller with ADRC by optimising the control structure of the wind turbine grid-side converter and combines the fuzzy algorithm to self-tune the ADRC parameters and dynamically adjust the nonlinear error feedback coefficients to cope with the complexity and uncertainty of the grid-connected wind power system. The simulation results show that fuzzy-ADRC can effectively suppress the SSO within 0.25 s, which is significantly better than the traditional PI controller (unable to suppress) and SSDC (suppression time of 0.3 s), and the suppression time is shortened by 0.75 s compared with the sliding mode control (suppression time of 1 s). In addition, it can maintain system stability under different string complement levels and different wind speeds as well as under system faults and grid disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Twin Technology for Renewable Energy, Smart Grids, Energy Storage and Vehicle-to-Grid Integration: Advancements, Applications, Key Players, Challenges and Future Perspectives in Modernising Sustainable Grids","authors":"Ali Q. Al-Shetwi,&nbsp;Ibrahem E. Atawi,&nbsp;Mohamed A. El-Hameed,&nbsp;Ahmad Abuelrub","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the challenges faced by modern power systems—such as efficiency, dynamics, reliability, control, stability, economy and planning—significant efforts have been made to develop advanced techniques, tools and scientific innovations across various disciplines. Among these, the ‘digital twin’ (DT) has emerged as one of the most reliable and rapidly evolving technologies, now widely integrated into diverse applications. The incorporation of DT technology into energy systems marks a paradigm shift in achieving sustainable, efficient and resilient modern power grids. Although considerable research has been conducted on DT applications in the power sector, comprehensive reviews of its role in transforming power grids to accommodate high levels of renewable energy sources (RESs), smart grid technologies, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems and energy storage solutions remain limited. This paper seeks to bridge that gap by exploring the critical role of DT technology in this transformation. It examines the historical evolution, fundamental components and diverse applications of DT technology across modern grid systems. Detailed analyses focus on DT's application in modernising power grids, particularly in RES integration, energy storage, transmission and distribution, smart grid advancements and V2G systems. Additionally, the paper reviews progress, investments, standards, regulations and the key stakeholders driving DT advancements in power grids. Finally, major challenges, limitations and future perspectives for DT applications in next-generation power grids are discussed. Key findings reveal that while DT technology delivers significant benefits—such as improved operational efficiency, enhanced grid stability, greater reliability, cost reduction, cybersecurity and resilience through real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance and optimised energy management—addressing existing limitations is crucial to maximising DT's potential in advancing and modernising sustainable power grids.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Irradiance Forecasting With Deep Learning and Ensemble Models: LSTM, Random Forest and Extra Trees With Multivariate Meteorological Data","authors":"Daniel Díaz-Bedoya,&nbsp;Mario González-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Xavier Serrano-Guerrero,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Clairand","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The penetration of solar energy within power systems is imperative to ensure the enduring sustainability of power systems, especially in cases of isolated systems such as microgrids. However, the variability in solar energy generation, which can impact grid stability and supply-demand balance, highlights the necessity for reliable forecasting methods and advanced technological tools in addressing power system challenges. This paper presents an in-depth exploration of solar irradiance forecasting, utilising a combination of advanced techniques, including deep learning and ensemble models. In particular, the utilisation of long short-term memory (LSTM), random forest and extra trees in conjunction with multivariate meteorological data is investigated to enhance the accuracy and reliability of solar irradiance predictions. A comprehensive technique for modelling multivariate time series is employed to predict solar irradiance by incorporating various meteorological factors, such as temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure, among other relevant variables. A case study in Cuenca, Ecuador, was chosen based on real data obtained from a meteorological station, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data. The proposed method significantly enhances performance when compared to a baseline model, with the LSTM model notably excelling in predicting maximum and minimum solar irradiance, offering valuable insights for extended forecasting applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Fault Indicator Through Continuous Surveillance of Transient Phenomena in Power Grid Systems","authors":"Dragos Nastasiu,&nbsp;Denis Stanescu,&nbsp;Angela Digulescu,&nbsp;Cornel Ioana,&nbsp;Cristina Despina-Stoian","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the ageing of power grids, underground transmission and distribution systems are increasingly prone to damage; therefore, it is imperative to provide possible solutions for early fault detection in order to avoid undesirable effects such as power outages and increased maintenance costs. This paper presents a real case study whereby the implementation of a continuous monitoring system provided an early detection of a fault that occurred in an underground segment. The fault occurred on a segment that lacks monitoring and is tangent to another power segment continuously under the surveillance of our system. The use of advanced processing techniques based on phase diagram analysis allows us to accurately detect and locate the position of fault in the power cable.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Sliding Mode Control Strategy of the Grid-Connected Inverter Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage","authors":"Shiqi Wang,&nbsp;Guangchen Liu,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wu,&nbsp;Guizhen Tian,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang,&nbsp;Shunli Wang,&nbsp;Fangsheng Wang,&nbsp;Sen Su","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the actual grid voltage is not always balanced, the control strategy of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter significantly affects the quality of the current injected into the grid. The double closed-loop control strategy based on the traditional proportional–integral controller cannot effectively suppress the second-order harmonic fluctuation of inverter output power and grid current distortion under unbalanced grid voltage. According to the mathematical model of a grid-connected inverter under unbalanced grid voltage, this paper proposes a novel sliding mode control strategy to eliminate negative sequence current. The strategy eliminates the necessity for separating positive- and negative-sequence currents or implementing decoupling control, thereby simplifying the controller design and parameter adjustment. The designed sliding mode controller with an integral sliding surface and an improved exponential approaching law mitigates chattering while enhancing the system response speed. Simulation and experimental studies of the proposed control strategy are conducted under unbalanced grid voltage conditions to verify its feasibility and effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Techno-Economic Performance of Synchronous Condensers and Static Synchronous Compensators in Renewable Energy-Integrated Weak-Grids Using Hedge Feedforward Feedback-Based Online Gated Recurrent Unit","authors":"Md Ohirul Qays,&nbsp;Iftekhar Ahmad,&nbsp;Daryoush Habibi,&nbsp;Mohammad A. S. Masoum","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To achieve net-zero targets in many counties, renewable energy generators (REGs) are integrated with grids where less fault current is produced compared to synchronous generators. Accordingly, fault level availability, known as ‘system strength’, is reduced at point of coupling (POC) buses. A minimum system strength level is crucial for REGs to accurately detect and ride-through faults. To maintain adequate system strength in renewable energy-based weak grids, researchers and engineers have recommended supplementary devices, such as synchronous condensers (SynCons) or static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs), to provide the required fault-current. Because SynCons and STATCOMs are costly devices, their optimal sizes and placement were investigated in existing literature. However, no long-term techno-economic analysis was conducted to confirm appropriate selection between SynCons and STATCOMs. To address the research gap, this paper investigates the long-term financial feasibility of SynCons and STATCOMs by considering their optimal allocation and sizes. A hedge feedforward feedback-based online gated recurrent unit (HFF-OLGRU) optimisation learning algorithm is developed and compared with existing learning approaches in order to determine the best solution. The technical and economic findings suggest that SynCons improve voltage recovery time approximately 0.06 s and achieve net profit USD$42.68M over STATCOMs in renewable energy-based weak grids.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Role of Energy Management Systems in Enhancing Operational Efficiency and Sustainability of Mini-Grids in Malawi","authors":"Shaibu Ali Juma,&nbsp;Sarah Paul Ayeng'o,&nbsp;Cuthbert Z. M. Kimambo","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluates the role of energy management systems (EMS) in enhancing the operational performance, cost-efficiency and sustainability of mini-grids (MGs) in Malawi. Drawing on survey data from MG operators, the study analyses key technical parameters and MG monitoring performance practices, including voltage and frequency monitoring, load balancing and fault detection. The findings highlight EMS's critical role in reducing system downtime, improving operational reliability and enabling effective renewable energy (RE) integration. A cost-wise analysis of capital expenditure (CAPEX) per kW reveals significant disparities among operators, with larger systems achieving better economies of scale through advanced EMS functionalities. Despite the EMS benefits, adoption is constrained by high CAPEX, limited technical expertise and resource constraints. The study recommends strategies such as tailored cost-effective EMS solutions, capacity-building initiatives for MG operators and policy interventions to overcome these barriers. These solutions can significantly enhance MG systems' long-term sustainability and scalability in grid-connected and autonomous settings. Future research should focus on advancing EMS technologies, developing benchmarking frameworks and formulating regulatory support mechanisms to facilitate broader EMS adoption in Malawi and similar contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Generation of Uncertainty Scenarios to Enhance a Stochastic Day-Ahead Scheduling in a Local Energy Community","authors":"An Thien Huu Nguyen,&nbsp;Truong Hoang Bao Huy,&nbsp;Han Slootweg,&nbsp;Phuong Hong Nguyen","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local energy communities (LECs) represent a collaborative approach to managing energy resources, where community members share and optimise the use of distributed energy resources (DERs). Hence, they require multiple objective functions to optimise a set of objectives, including economic, environmental, social and technical considerations while addressing the diverse interests of community members and stakeholders. Due to the complexity of LECs and the unpredictability of DERs, real-time operations in LECs often deviate significantly from day-ahead scheduling. To tackle these challenges, this paper presents a stochastic multi-objective optimization framework designed to improve day-ahead scheduling by accounting for forecasting errors in DERs. The proposed method employs advanced scenario generation techniques, including multivariate copulas and quantile forecasting, to capture uncertainties in load demand and renewable production without relying on prior distribution assumptions. The results demonstrate significant improvements in energy bill savings, grid management and user comfort, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework using a real-world dataset from a living lab in the Netherlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bi-Level Optimisation Model for Harvesting Spatial-Temporal Load Shifting Flexibility of Data Centres Using Endogenously Formed Locational Price Signal","authors":"Ding Ma,&nbsp;Yujian Ye,&nbsp;Yizhi Wu,&nbsp;Dezhi Xu,&nbsp;Zhaohao Ding,&nbsp;Goran Strbac","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rapid advancement of digital information technology, the demand for computational power continues to grow, driving the expansion of the data centre (DC) industry, leading to gigantic amount of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. DCs, serving as flexible and adjustable resources on the load side of power systems, are essential to the operation of modern energy systems. In this context, this paper proposes a coordinated and secure scheduling strategy for DCs and power system, utilising spatial-temporal flexibility. First, the architecture and operational characteristics of DCs are analysed, followed by the development of an power consumption model to quantify their spatial-temporal flexibility. Then, a bi-level optimisation model is developed to coordinate computational power and electricity, considering DCs' dual roles as independent operators and flexible resources that influence locational electricity prices. Finally, simulation analyses are performed on the modified IEEE 39-node system. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively utilises the spatial-temporal flexibility of DCs, alleviating system congestion. In terms of economic benefits, it enhances the cost efficiency of the DCs by 70% and reduces the system's operating costs by 46%. Regarding environmental impact, the strategy increases renewable energy consumption by 26.58% and significantly reduces carbon emissions by 63%.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency-Constrained Real-Time Co-Optimisation of Energy and Regulation Reserve Integrated With Battery Energy Storage Systems","authors":"Mohammad Amin Mirzaei,&nbsp;Masood Parvania","doi":"10.1049/stg2.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a real-time co-optimisation framework integrated with automatic generation control (RTC-AGC) for the optimal reallocation of energy and regulation reserves in real-time electricity markets. A rolling-horizon optimisation approach is also proposed to dynamically optimise resource scheduling by reallocating based on forecasted load demand and renewable generation patterns over a moving time window. Inverter-based battery energy storage (IBES) systems are also introduced as flexible resources to regulate frequency deviation in AGC by optimally reallocating up- and down-regulation reserves in the real-time market. The integrated RTC-AGC framework accurately represents the dynamic behaviour of thermal generation units and IBES systems, enabling the precise and cost-efficient reallocation of up- and down-regulation reserves in the real-time market. The proposed model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming model and solved by the CPLEX solver in GAMS software. The findings highlight that IBES can significantly reduce frequency deviations by 50% while lowering operational costs by 7.13% in power systems integrated with renewable energy resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":36490,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Grid","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/stg2.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}