BMC Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Anthropometric status, body composition and timing of pubertal milestones in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.","authors":"Helena Nti, Brietta M Oaks, Elizabeth L Prado, Lois Maame Donkor Aryee, Seth Adu-Afarwuah","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00951-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00951-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the rise of the triple burden of malnutrition, the changing nutrition situation in Sub-Saharan Africa may be associated with changes in pubertal timing of adolescents. The purpose of this review was to summarize the association between nutritional status and pubertal milestones among children in SSA.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A search of publications was conducted in PubMed and Scopus on 1st April 2023. Observational studies with children aged 0 to 22 years, that reported nutritional status and association with pubertal milestones in SSA were selected for review. Risk of bias was assessed using the NOS and results were presented using the PRISMA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three studies published from 1992 to 2021 reporting data from nine countries and a total of 21,853 children were included in this review. Mean menarche age relative to nutritional status varied from 17.2 years in stunted adolescents in Senegal to 13.3 (in the underweight), 13.9 (in normal weight girls), and 14.1 (in overweight girls) years in adolescents in Ethiopia. Adolescents who were not stunted in Kenya and those with higher height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI) in South Africa had more advanced breast development. Pubic hair development was positively associated with HAZ and BMI z-scores (BMIZ) at 5 years in South Africa and overweight and obesity in adolescents in Nigeria. Attainment of voice break in adolescent boys in Nigeria was associated with lower likelihood of stunting and underweight. In a study in Zambia, earlier onset and more rapid progression of genital development assessed by testicular volume in boys was associated with increased height and arm muscle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher BMI, height, weight, and triceps skinfolds are significantly associated with advanced pubertal development in SSA. In SSA, less than one-third of the countries have published any research studies on nutritional status and pubertal milestones. Future studies should focus on detailed assessment of pubertal development and associated nutritional factors in both male and female adolescents in SSA.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration: </strong>CRD42022350048.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring metabolic syndrome and dietary quality in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Zahra Namkhah, Kiyavash Irankhah, Sina Sarviha, Seyyed Reza Sobhani","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00948-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00948-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors affecting a quarter of the global population, with diet playing a significant role in its progression. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score (DDRRS) and the Macronutrient Quality Index (MQI) scoring systems in assessing the diet-related risk of metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, data from 7431 individuals aged between 30 and 70 years, obtained from the Mashhad Cohort Study, were utilized to evaluate the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. A valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess participants' dietary intake. The MQI was calculated based on carbohydrate, fat, and healthy protein components, while the DDRRS was also computed. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between MQI and DDRRS with metabolic syndrome and its components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the crude model, we observed lower odds of MetS in the highest quartile of DDRRS and MQI compared to the lowest quartile (P-trend < 0.001). This trend persisted in the fully adjusted models, revealing odds ratios of 0.399 (95% CI: 0.319-0.500) and 0.597 (95% CI: 0.476-0.749) for DDRRS and MQI, respectively. After controlling for all potential confounders, we observed lower odds of central obesity in the highest quartile of MQI (OR: 0.818, 95% CI: 0.676-0.989, P-trend = 0.027). Furthermore, we found that the odds of high triglyceride levels were lower in the highest quartile of DDRRS compared to the lowest quartile (OR: 0.633, 95% CI: 0.521, 0.770, P-trend < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, our study indicates that greater adherence to both DDRRS and MQI is linked to a decreased risk of metabolic syndrome and its components. These findings hold significant implications for public health and the development of personalized nutrition strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teachers' perception of their students' dietary habits in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a qualitative study.","authors":"Mekdes Mekonnen Kifle, Laura Terragni, Marianne Morseth","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00946-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00946-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor dietary choices and consumption of unhealthy foods are major determinants of malnutrition among adolescents in Ethiopia. The school food environment is a valuable setting for exploring adolescents' eating habits. Teachers have an important role in understanding factors that impact students' dietary choices. The aim of this study is to explore secondary school teachers' perceptions towards adolescents' dietary habits in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed a qualitative research design. Four focus group discussions, involving a total of 13 teachers, were conducted at governmental and private schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Additionally, observations of the food environment in these four schools. The transcripts from the focus group discussions and photographs from observations were analyzed using thematic analysis. Triangulation of data sources and persistent observation of the data were employed to enhance the study's trustworthiness. The study was approved by the Norwegian Center for Research Data and the Addis Ababa Health Bureau, and all participants provided informed consent.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Teachers perceived adolescents' dietary habits as unhealthy, characterized by the consumption of unsafe foods, limited variety, and reliance on processed foods. Factors negatively influencing adolescents' dietary habits include a lack of awareness about a healthy diet among both students and parents. Low familial income levels were also identified as a barrier to eating a healthy diet. The unavailability of healthy foods and the advertising of unhealthy and processed foods as well as peer influence were hindrances to a healthy diet both at school and home.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides additional evidence of the nutrition transition which is linked to the double burden of malnutrition among adolescents in low-income countries. Factors affecting adolescent diets at school are multileveled. Incorporating nutrition education into the school curriculum will likely improve dietary awareness mitigating peer influence. Regulating the school food environment and enforcing advertisement laws targeting adolescents can promote healthier school food environments. Providing short term nutrition trainings for biology or science teachers and strengthen their role in delivering nutrition education to children and their families, along with implementing measures to address food insecurity and restricting availability of unhealthy food at school need to be regarded as priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body composition assessment in individuals with class II/III obesity: a narrative review.","authors":"Erika Aparecida Silveira, Maria Clara Rezende Castro, Andrea Toledo Oliveira Rezende, Ana Paula Dos Santos Rodrigues, Felipe Mendes Delpino, Emilly Santos Oliveira, Flávia Campos Corgosinho, Cesar de Oliveira","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00913-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00913-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with class II/III obesity have a high percentage of body fat. Assessing body composition in cases of severe obesity can be difficult and controversial both in clinical practice and scientific research. Thus, it is essential to explore the different aspects of evaluating body composition and to discuss the available methods to assess it in this population.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To summarise and discuss the methods used to measure body composition in adults with class II/III obesity and their potential in clinical practice and scientific research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a narrative review using data from PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs databases. Original articles on body composition analysis in adults with class II/III obesity i.e., a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² were eligible. Body composition assessment methods were analysed and described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Some imaging methods produced significantly accurate results. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) significantly produces accurate results and has been used in clinical studies. However, due to its high cost, it is not applicable in clinical practice. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has good accuracy and is more appropriate for clinical practice than other methods. We have highlighted several aspects of the importance and applicability of performing body composition analysis in individuals with class II/III obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DXA has been considered the most adequate method for clinical research. Multifrequency BIA may be a viable alternative to DXA for use in clinical practice. Assessing body composition and its components is important for people with class II/III obesity. It can help improve the effectiveness of interventions and clinical treatments, especially in reducing the risk of losing muscle mass. Muscle loss can cause sarcopenic obesity and other clinical complications, so understanding body composition is crucial. Assessing body composition can also help understand the impact of interventions on bones and avoid clinical complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of fructose and fiber consumption and physical activity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Camellia Akhgarjand, Mahdieh Entezarian, Simin Samavat, Aryan Tavakoli, Aliarash Anoushirvani, Golaleh Asghari, Emad Yusbashian, Pooneh Dehghan, Parvin Mirmiran, Hossein Imani","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00943-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00943-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most prevalent liver disease in overweight and obese children. While no cure exists, dietary and lifestyle modifications have been shown to improve the condition. This study investigates the relationship between fructose and fiber consumption, physical activity, and NAFLD in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 378 overweight and obese children aged 6-13 years. NAFLD diagnosis was confirmed via ultrasound, and dietary intake was assessed using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Physical activity was evaluated using the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to determine the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After excluding 53 participants due to incomplete data, 325 were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 9.2 ± 1.7 years, and 35% had NAFLD. No significant association was found between fructose intake and NAFLD (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.35-1.29, P = 0.221). However, higher intake of legume fiber (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.90, P = 0.03) and nut fiber (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.95, P = 0.04) was significantly associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD. Physical activity showed a trend towards reduced NAFLD risk but was not statistically significant after adjustments (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.22-1.04, P = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While fructose intake was not significantly linked to NAFLD in this population, fiber from legumes and nuts appeared protective. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and clarify the role of physical activity in NAFLD prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to plant-based diet during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective birth cohort study.","authors":"Elham Bazshahi, Sanaz Pourreza, Ahmad Jayedi, Majid Mirmohammadkhani, Alireza Emadi, Sakineh Shab-Bidar","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00949-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00949-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have shown that plant-based foods have a protective effect against gestational diabetes (GDM). We examined the association between plant-based dietary patterns and the risk of GDM in a sample of Iranian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 635 pregnant women for the present study. Dietary intakes were evaluated by using a 90-item food frequency questionnaire during the first trimester of pregnancy. Three plant-based including plant-based (PDI), unhealthy (uPDI) and healthy (hPDI) were calculated. Cox proportional hazard model were fitted to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of GDM across categories of the plan-based dietary indices, while controlling for age, educational level, physical activity, family income, prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and total energy intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 635 mothers were included, of whom 79 participants were diagnosed with GDM. Those in the third tertile of the PDI (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.98) and hPDI (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.78) had a lower risk of developing GDM during their current pregnancy as compared to the first tertile. There was no association between uPDI and risk of GDM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that higher adherence to a plant-based diet during early pregnancy may be associated with a lower GDM risk among Iranian women. Confirmation of this finding is necessary in larger cohort studies, taking into account other pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle, dietary pattern and colorectal cancer: a case-control study.","authors":"Zahra Rostampoor, Sima Afrashteh, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah, Haleh Ghaem, Maurice P Zeegers, Mohammad Fararouei","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00950-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00950-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Iran, not only the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing but also the age of patients at diagnosis is alarmingly dropping. We need urgent actions to better understand the epidemiology of CRC and the contributing factors for such pattern in Iranian population. The aim of our study was to determine the potential contribution of lifestyle, including dietary pattern, to CRC in a large Iranian province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital based case-control study was performed on 572 participants (275 cases and 297 controls). Patients in the case group were newly diagnosed with CRC in a referral hospital and patients in the control group were selected from those patients with non-malignancy diseases who were admitted to the same hospital. Control group was frequency matched to the case group for gender and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis, direct associations were observed between usual pattern of defecation (OR_{> 3rd /every day} =4.74, 95% CI: 1.78-12.59), chicken consumption (OR_{sometimes or always/occasionally} = 6.33, 95% CI:3.23-12.43), family history of CRC (OR_yes/no =5.79, 95% CI: 2.72-12.31), and alcohol consumption (OR_yes/no =6.03, 95% CI: 2.14-16.98) with the odds of CRC among the study population. On the other hand, taking multivitamins (OR_yes/no=0.09, 95% CI:0.04-0.20), consumption of coffee (OR_{always/occasionally} =0.29, 95% CI: 0.12-0.69), taking vitamins D supplement (OR_yes/no =0.38,95% CI:0.22-0.66), and consumption of garlic (OR_{sometimes/occasionally} =0.53,95% CI: 0.30-0.95) significantly reduced the odds of CRC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We revealed potentially significant effects of several lifestyle related factors with CRC risk in Iranian population. More studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of the associated factors in developing CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the drivers of food insecurity in Cameroon: insights from a nationwide cross-sectional analysis.","authors":"Ghose Bishwajit, Sanni Yaya","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00952-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00952-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite global efforts to achieve zero hunger, food insecurity remains a critical challenge in several African countries, including Cameroon. This study aims to identify sociodemographic predictors of food insecurity across Cameroon through a comprehensive, nationwide cross-sectional analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this study were drawn from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS). Food insecurity levels were evaluated using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). To estimate the probabilities of moderate and severe food insecurity among different sociodemographic groups, logistic regression models were applied, with results expressed as average marginal effects (AME).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal that approximately 24.86% of participants experienced moderate food insecurity, while 28.96% faced severe food insecurity. Among men, the proportion experiencing severe food insecurity was 38.8%, compared to 24.3% for women. Multivariable regression analysis showed that severe food insecurity was less likely among women [AME = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.83,0.86], Muslims [AME = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.90,0.93], individuals with higher education levels (secondary education: AME = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.90,0.95; higher education: AME = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.85,0.90), those owning land (either alone or jointly) [AME = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.89,0.96], wealthiest households (moderate food insecurity: AME = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.88,0.93; severe food insecurity: AME = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.70,0.75), female-headed households [AME = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.96,0.99], and rural residents [AME = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.95,0.98].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore that food insecurity affects a substantial portion of the Cameroonian population, with certain sociodemographic groups more vulnerable than others. This study proposes targeted policy recommendations to address food insecurity in Cameroon, including social assistance programs for at-risk groups, investments in socioeconomic empowerment, improvements in agricultural productivity, and ongoing research to guide evidence-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum iron and gallstones in US adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Si-Hua Wen, Xin Tang, Tao Tang, Zheng-Rong Ye","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00947-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00947-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gallstones are a common digestive disorder that threatens human health. Iron deficiency may be related to the formation of gallstones, but there is limited current epidemiological research. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between iron status and gallstones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020 were used in a cross-sectional investigation. Gallstones were determined by using the 2007-2010 NHANES questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between serum iron, serum ferritin and iron intake with the risk for gallstones. Subgroup analysis based on gender, age, race, and diabetes were performed. Fitted smoothing curves were used to describe the linear relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research involved 7847 participants aged 20 and above, among whom 845 were identified as having gallstones. Participants with higher serum iron levels tended to have a lower gallstones prevalence. A negative relationship between serum iron and gallstones prevalence was observed (OR = 0.979, 95% CI:0.965-0.992). The group with the highest serum iron tertile had a 23.7% lower risk of gallstones compared to the lowest tertile (OR = 0.763, 95% CI:0.628‒0.929). Gallstone prevalence was inversely correlated with iron intake in model 1. The negative association between serum iron and gallstones remained stable in stratifications, including gender, age, race, and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated serum iron was associated with a decreased prevalence of gallstones. However, to confirm the impact of long-term iron metabolism on gallstone formation, additional prospective research is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS) and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Iranian women: a case-control study.","authors":"Mina Darand, Vahid Arabi, Moloud Ghorbani, Zahra Salimi, Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00933-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00933-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is one of the primary recommendations for the prevention of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), there is still no conclusive evidence of which specific dietary pattern is best. The Lifelines diet score (LLDS) is a new, evidence-based scoring system to determine diet quality, and its association with PCOS has not been investigated. The present study aimed to assess the association between LLDS and PCOS in Iranian women.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This frequency-matched case-control study was carried out on 108 women with PCOS and 108 women without PCOS as a control group in Yazd, Iran. Healthy controls were matched to PCOS women based on age and BMI. The validated 178-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the usual dietary intake. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between LLDS and PCOS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the present study showed women in the highest tertile of LLDS compared with the participants in the lowest tertile had 90% lower odds of PCOS (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.10; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.04 to 0.21, p for trend: <0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for energy intake, marital status, pregnancy history, WC, chronic disease history, physical activity, and BMI (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.11; 95% (CI):0.05 to 0.27, p for trend: <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the present study found a significant protective association between adherence to LLDS and PCOS, more mechanism-based studies are needed to confirm these findings in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}