Tuan Sherwyn Hamidon , Nurul Nadia Maznan , Nor Najhan Idris , Djalal Trache , M. Hazwan Hussin
{"title":"Kinetics and equilibrium studies of congo red adsorption using alginate hydrogel beads impregnated with coconut shell derived-cellulose nanocrystals","authors":"Tuan Sherwyn Hamidon , Nurul Nadia Maznan , Nor Najhan Idris , Djalal Trache , M. Hazwan Hussin","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The release of synthetic dye effluents, including organic pollutants of environmental concern such as congo red (CR) into water resources has sparked significant concerns, demanding a profound commitment to the urgent removal of these pollutants. Thus, this study investigated the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) isolated from coconut shells (CS) through pre-treatment and acid hydrolysis as an environmentally friendly and low-cost reinforcing filler. CS-CNC hydrogel beads were successfully characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Optimum conditions obtained for the adsorption of CR onto hydrogel beads were 1.0 g of adsorbent dosage, a solution pH of 4 and a contact time of 6 h under room temperature. Kinetic and adsorption isotherm studies revealed that the experimental data most accurately correlated with pseudo-second order model and Freundlich isotherm, implying a multilayer adsorption process and chemisorption mechanism. CS-CNC hydrogel beads acquired a maximum adsorption capacity of 73.24 mg g<sup>−1</sup> towards CR. Reusability study emphasized the retention of relatively high adsorption efficiency of 81.36 % even after three adsorption−desorption cycles. CR removal by prepared beads was dominated through physical adsorption, including electrostatic attraction, H-bonding, and π-π interaction. Overall, this study presents a sustainable attempt in converting waste into effective hydrogel beads for the removal of organic pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 616-629"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of progress in molecular dynamics modeling for isobutane alkylation: Product optimization and future perspectives","authors":"Zeinab Noorpoor , Mohammad Rahmani , Zahra Nikfarjam , Kobra Bagheri","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This detailed study focuses on the isobutane alkylation process in gasoline refinement, emphasizing the molecular complexities. Utilizing Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, the study explores the intricate interactions and dynamics essential for catalyst selection, reaction conditions, and enhancing process efficiency. By comparing traditional liquid acid-catalyzed reactions with innovative methods involving ionic liquids, solid acid catalysts, this research highlights the substantial benefits of MD simulations in refining alkylation strategies. The study seeks to shed light on the roles and contributions of these catalysts through MD, providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements and pointing toward future directions in alkylation catalysis. Certainly, by utilizing the MD approach, the analysis involves identifying the characteristics and factors at the molecular level in order to examine aspects such as the placement of molecules and ions, the orientation of species involved in the alkylation process, the interaction among the species, the solubility of the reactants in the catalyst phase, and the surface characteristics. For instance, an analysis of these factors reveals results that indicate the utilization of ILs catalyst in the desired process shows great potential. So, the research on the MD provides insight into the factors contributing to the effectiveness of innovative and eco-friendly catalysts like ILs. These investigations lead to the identification of novel catalysts, contributing to the advancement of efficient and environmentally sustainable alkylation techniques. By integrating the knowledge gained from MD simulations with real-world application examples, this methodology represents an essential move towards boosting sustainability and refining catalytic methods within the oil industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 259-274"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mihyeon Seo , Min-Ho Lee , Yu-Jeong Seo , Junmin Kim , Jaeho Oh , Junhyung Kim , Youngheun Cho , Jun Chang , Hyuncheol Kim
{"title":"Development of melittin-conjugated lipid nanoparticle (LNP-MEL) for mRNA-based respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination","authors":"Mihyeon Seo , Min-Ho Lee , Yu-Jeong Seo , Junmin Kim , Jaeho Oh , Junhyung Kim , Youngheun Cho , Jun Chang , Hyuncheol Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are recognized as a versatile tool for combating infectious diseases, but their effectiveness is reliant on efficient delivery systems. Although lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown potential, challenges such as low cellular uptake and poor endosomal escape efficiency have persisted. To address these limitations, melittin, a cationic peptide from bee venom, was investigated due to its alpha-helical structure and positively charged C-terminal region that interacts with cell membranes. However, its cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity have hindered clinical applications. To mitigate these issues, lipid-C-MEL was developed by attaching a lipid moiety to melittin’s C-terminus, retaining its alpha-helical structure while reducing toxicity. LNP-MEL was formulated by incorporating lipid-C-MEL into LNPs to enhance mRNA delivery. <em>In vitro</em>, LNP-MEL exhibited improved intracellular uptake and endosomal escape efficiency compared to conventional LNPs, attributed to lipid-C-MEL’s enhanced membrane interactions. In subsequent <em>in vivo</em> experiments, LNP-MEL loaded with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G glycoprotein mRNA elicited a robust immune response, providing protection against RSV and showed potential for minimizing vaccine-enhanced respiratory disease (VERD) by reducing Th2-biased immune responses and eosinophil activation in mice. This study highlights the potential of LNP-MEL as a safe, effective mRNA vaccine delivery platform against RSV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 604-615"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajan Thomas, Ann V. Lizbathu, Neekha Deen Abraham, Jifi Jose, Bibily Baby, P.R. Biju, Cyriac Joseph
{"title":"ZrW2O8 nanorod-based electrode material in redox additive electrolyte as a battery-type symmetric supercapacitor system for energy storage applications","authors":"Sajan Thomas, Ann V. Lizbathu, Neekha Deen Abraham, Jifi Jose, Bibily Baby, P.R. Biju, Cyriac Joseph","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercapacitors stand out as an excellent option for energy storage because of their high-power density and rapid charge–discharge capabilities. This study explores the synthesis of ZrW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> nanorods via a simple hydrothermal process and evaluates their structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications. The structural, morphological, and elemental properties were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, microscopic, and spectroscopic methods, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated its exceptional thermal stability over a wide temperature range. The ZrW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> nanorods were tested as active electrode material in a 6 M KOH + 0.2 M K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] redox additive electrolyte (RAE). Electrochemical evaluations, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic stability tests, were conducted in both three-electrode and two-electrode configurations. The optimized system demonstrated a high specific capacitance (C<sub>s</sub>) of 813F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. In the symmetric ZrW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> supercapacitor configuration, a Cs of 301.66F/g was observed under similar conditions. Furthermore, the electrode material in the symmetric system showcased an impressive energy density of 15.08 Wh/kg at a power density of 299.99 W/kg, along with capacitive retention rates of 87.92 % and 80.64 % after 4000 continuous charge–discharge cycles at 10 A/g in three-electrode and two-electrode systems, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 566-579"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sung-Ho Huh , Soung Jin Yang , Jisu Nam , Minjeong Shin , Dong-Joo Yoo , Seung-Ho Yu
{"title":"Current trends and recent strategies to overcome battery safety issues","authors":"Sung-Ho Huh , Soung Jin Yang , Jisu Nam , Minjeong Shin , Dong-Joo Yoo , Seung-Ho Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for secondary batteries has significantly increased due to the growth of the electric vehicle and energy storage system industries. However, social concerns about the rise in battery-related fire incidents require safer battery systems. As lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) suffer from thermal runaway, systematic suppression methods are currently discussed. Although intensive efforts are ongoing to mitigate these risks, the continued reliance on flammable organic electrolytes fails to address the fundamental battery combustion. To overcome these limitations, flame-retardant electrolytes, all-solid-state batteries, and aqueous zinc-based batteries are considered as alternative safe battery systems. In this review, we provide a concise overview, challenges, and recent research trends for each battery system, aiding new researchers to understand the key concepts. Additionally, provided the perspectives of each system will offer a roadmap for advancing research in the development of safer secondary battery technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 157-175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nyiko M. Chauke , Tshimangadzo S. Munonde , Nomvano Mketo
{"title":"A critical review of the anti-biofouling properties of biogenic-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded on polymer membranes for wastewater treatment","authors":"Nyiko M. Chauke , Tshimangadzo S. Munonde , Nomvano Mketo","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane technology is poised to revolutionize wastewater treatment due to its high efficiency in removing contaminants and its potential for large-scale applications. However, its widespread adoption faces challenges from membrane biofouling, which involves the adhesion of bacteria and the formation of biofilms on the membrane surface. This biofilm growth reduces permeate flux, increases operational costs, and causes irreversible structural damage, resulting in the need for frequent cleaning or membrane replacement. Traditional antifouling strategies, such as feed pretreatment and surface modification, provide limited long-term solutions. A promising novel approach to reducing biofouling involves the incorporation of biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNPs) into polymer membranes, creating biogenic silver nanocomposite membranes (BioAg-NCMs). These nanoparticles exhibit strong antibacterial properties, effectively preventing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. When integrated into polymer membranes, Bio-AgNPs improve membrane permeability, selectivity, and resistance to fouling, making them highly effective for long-term wastewater treatment. This manuscript reviews the development, effectiveness, and future prospects of the surface properties of BioAg-NCMs. It details their antibacterial mechanisms, resistance to biofouling, and scalability. The review emphasizes the role of biogenic silver nanoparticles in advancing antifouling technology by linking membrane structural surface, permeability, and process selectivity, as well as studying the influence of adsorption equilibrium studies and modelling that improves the adsorption process. Ultimately, this work highlights the potential of BioAg-NCMs as a sustainable solution to biofouling, aiming to extend membrane lifespan and reduce maintenance demands in wastewater treatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 209-232"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pei Thing Chang , Qi Hwa Ng , Pei Ching Oh , Siew Chun Low
{"title":"Advanced dual-wetting membrane for enhanced CO2 capture: Asymmetric hydrophobic and CO2-philic thin film in membrane gas absorption","authors":"Pei Thing Chang , Qi Hwa Ng , Pei Ching Oh , Siew Chun Low","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.01.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.01.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO<sub>2</sub> is a major contributor to climate change, making efficient carbon capture essential for emission reduction. Membrane gas absorption (MGA) offers a cost-effective solution, with research often focusing on enhancing membrane hydrophobicity to reduce wettability. However, the potential of CO<sub>2</sub>-philic membranes for mixed gas separation remains underexplored. This study addresses the gap by developing asymmetric wetting membranes (PVDF/EDA/GO) with a superhydrophobic side to prevent wetting and a CO<sub>2</sub>-philic side to enhance CO<sub>2</sub> capture. The CO<sub>2</sub>-philic surface was created by coating PVDF with ethylenediamine (EDA) and graphene oxide (GO). Computational analysis confirmed strong binding energy (−21.07 kcal/mol) between EDA and GO, forming a stable amine complex. The membranes displayed asymmetric wetting, with the CO<sub>2</sub>-philic side showing a water static angle (WSA) of 49.6 ± 2.6°, and the superhydrophobic side achieved a WSA of 149.7 ± 3.3° and a water gliding angle (WGA) of 9.8 ± 1.1°. In MGA, these membranes demonstrated improved performance, with a CO<sub>2</sub> absorption flux of 0.0040 mol/m<sup>2</sup>s and CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity of 6. This work highlights the promise of dual-wetting membranes for enhancing CO<sub>2</sub> capture in MGA systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 355-365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nyeongbeen Jo , Sehun Jeong , Kwang Min Kim , Tae-Hyuk Kwon , Jungki Ryu , Sang-Hee Ko Park , Yoonsung Nam
{"title":"Surface passivation of natural photosystem-based photoelectrode for efficient and sustainable bio-photovoltaic applications","authors":"Nyeongbeen Jo , Sehun Jeong , Kwang Min Kim , Tae-Hyuk Kwon , Jungki Ryu , Sang-Hee Ko Park , Yoonsung Nam","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural photosystems exhibit a high light-harvesting efficiency, which arises from the sophisticated self-assembly of pigments, making them promising for bio-photovoltaic devices. However, their integration into such devices is very challenging due to the photosystem’s intrinsic instability, which hinders their durable immobilization to electrodes and efficient charge transfer at interfaces. Here we report a new approach to overcome these problems by employing the atomic layer deposition of amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> for the robust immobilization and stabilization of photosystem I (PSI) on a mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> (mp-TiO<sub>2</sub>) photoanode. This approach not only stabilizes the PSI against the harsh conditions of photoelectrochemical operations but also enhances electron transfer by passivating the PSI and mp-TiO<sub>2</sub> interfaces. The protective effect increases with increasing the amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> thickness up to 20 nm, beyond which a reduction in photocurrent is observed due to limited electron mobility through the amorphous oxide layer. Our findings demonstrate that such atomic layer deposition of a thin oxide layer holds great potential for improving the efficiency and stability of photosystem-based bio-photovoltaic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 521-529"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siti Haziyah Mohd Chachuli, Sharifah Najiha Timmiati, Kee Shyuan Loh, Wai Yin Wong, Kean Long Lim, Rozan Mohamad Yunus
{"title":"P-block cathode electrocatalysts: A critical review of their role and impact on oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells applications","authors":"Siti Haziyah Mohd Chachuli, Sharifah Najiha Timmiati, Kee Shyuan Loh, Wai Yin Wong, Kean Long Lim, Rozan Mohamad Yunus","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fuel cells is one of<!--> <!-->sustainable energy conversion, align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and 13 (Climate Action). Developing scalable, affordable, and long-lasting catalysts without platinum-group metals (PGMs) is essential for advancing fuel cell technologies. Despite significant progress, existing catalysts often fail to achieve an optimal balance of activity, stability, and cost.<!--> <em>P</em>-block metals (PM), characterized by their p-valence electrons (n<em>s</em><sup>2</sup>n<em>p</em><sup>x</sup>, where x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), have emerged as promising candidates for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their Fenton- inactive properties and atomic radii comparable to transition metals that make PM-N-C single-atom catalysts (SACs) ideal for achieving enhanced stability and catalytic performance. This review examines the role of<!--> <em>P</em>-block-based catalysts in ORR, emphasizing synthesis strategies, catalytic efficiency, and durability. It identifies significant challenges, including limited understanding of active site formation, reaction mechanisms, and long-term operational stability, which hinder their practical application. By addressing these gaps, the review provides a roadmap for advancing<!--> <em>P</em>-block-based SACs and highlights the potential to replace expensive PGMs. Promoting<!--> <!-->innovative strategies and clean energy solutions, this work serves as a critical resource for driving sustainable energy transitions and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 176-208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaolong Dai , Tiangui Qi , Xiaobin Li , Zhihong Peng , Guihua Liu , Qiusheng Zhou , Yilin Wang , Leiting Shen , Junting Wu
{"title":"Recovering Li2CO3 from selective leachate of spent batteries with low lithium loss","authors":"Xiaolong Dai , Tiangui Qi , Xiaobin Li , Zhihong Peng , Guihua Liu , Qiusheng Zhou , Yilin Wang , Leiting Shen , Junting Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficiently recovering lithium carbonate from acid leachate is a significant challenge for the spent lithium-ion battery recycling industry. In this study, a novel method for recovering high-purity Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> from the selective leachate (generated from nitric acid) of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries was proposed. The treatment of the leachate was divided into multiple purification stages. In the first stage, the pH of the leachate was adjusted to 6.1 to 6.5 to prevent the “re-dissolution” of fluorine and aluminum impurities, while some lithium would be lost due to the formation of cryolithionite (Li<sub>3</sub>Na<sub>3</sub>(AlF<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>). Pre-adding lime (2Ca/F mole ratio = 0.8) significantly reduced the lithium loss from 2.15 % to 0.17 %. The fluorine impurities precipitated as CaF<sub>2</sub>, rather than forming cryolithionite. In the second stage, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 10 (±0.2) to further remove transition metal impurities, while the residual calcium impurities were removed in the third stage as CaCO<sub>3</sub>. High-purity Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> was subsequently produced from the purified solution. This new process is efficient, clean, and cost-effective, offering a novel approach for the selective leach liquor treatment of waste batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 497-508"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}