Etransportation最新文献

{"title":"Multi-fault diagnosis strategy based on sliding mode enhanced carrier decision of the aging IPMSM for the electric rail transit","authors":"Shicai Yin ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Jinqiu Gao ,&nbsp;Yaofei Han","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is the core of the traction drive system (TDS) in electric rail transit. Its aging faults can lead to reduced train power, wheelset-rail oscillations, and even trigger secondary failures that affect passenger safety. Existing diagnostic strategies often require additional observers, complex signal injection, or large volumes of fault data, which either reduce the reliability during train operation or make deployment challenging within the safety-oriented framework of train operations. This paper proposes a multi-fault diagnosis strategy (MFDS) based on sliding mode enhanced carrier decision (SMECD). The SMECD integrates existing onboard control signals of electric rail transit as fault carriers, eliminating the need for additional hardware and ensuring reliable onboard deployment capabilities. In addition, an aging fault injection model (AFIM) is proposed, which integrates diverse aging faults. The AFIM can replicate the aging faults of the IPMSM caused by frequent switching of different operating conditions in the TDS, ensuring the application validation of the MFDS. The experimental results show that the MFDS can accurately locate different aging faults, thereby providing predictive maintenance guidance for rail transit operations. Compared to traditional diagnostic strategies, the MFDS does not require additional observers or sensors to monitor the aging parameters of the IPMSM in the TDS, offering a lightweight and easily deployable diagnostic strategy for the entire lifecycle of train operations, thus enhancing the safety and reliability of electric rail transit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative diagnosis of hydrogen crossover in fuel cell: based on the hydrogen concentration cell","authors":"Yangyang Ma ,&nbsp;Sida Li ,&nbsp;Xueyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Shulin Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Hao Yuan ,&nbsp;Penglong Bao ,&nbsp;Yabo Wang ,&nbsp;Guofeng Chang ,&nbsp;Haifeng Dai ,&nbsp;Xuezhe Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2026.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2026.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Timely and efficient hydrogen crossover diagnosis is crucial for improving the performance, durability, and safety of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, most existing diagnostic methods are complicated to operate, time-consuming, costly, and necessitate complex data processing. There are almost no studies that can achieve hydrogen crossover diagnosis in seconds without requiring additional equipment other than conventional fuel cell testing bench. To address this gap, a novel quantitative diagnostic method of hydrogen crossover based on the hydrogen concentration cell is proposed. Specifically, the essence of the open circuit voltage (OCV) arising from the hydrogen concentration cell formed by hydrogen crossover phenomenon is thoroughly investigated via Nernst equation, to propose this novel quantitative diagnostic method. This novel quantitative diagnostic method requires only three parameters: OCV, cathode flow rates, and fuel cell temperature, to rapidly achieve quantitative diagnosis of hydrogen crossover current. After conducting 228 trials, the proposed novel quantitative diagnostic method demonstrated a maximum relative error and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 4.89 % and 2.54 %, when compared to the validated and reliable potential step method (PSM), fully verifying its repeatability and accuracy. This novel method can achieve quantitative diagnosis of hydrogen crossover in seconds on any conventional fuel cell testing bench, with high cost-effective and simple data processing. It will provide a powerful tool for quality control, optimization design, periodic diagnosis, and aging assessment of fuel cell.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System-level integration of electric transportation in smart grids: An aggregator-centric review of control architectures, optimization algorithms, and business models","authors":"MohammadAmin Mahjoubnia ,&nbsp;Taher Niknam ,&nbsp;Ali Taghavi ,&nbsp;Hamed Heydari-Doostabad","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid electrification of transportation has accelerated electric vehicle (EV) adoption. Projections indicate that EVs will account for 50% of new car sales by 2035. However, uncoordinated EV charging poses substantial challenges to power system stability. It can increase peak demand (20–40%) and accelerate aging of distribution infrastructure. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies, encompassing unidirectional smart charging and bidirectional Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), offer potential solutions, with studies demonstrating up to 60% peak demand reduction and high renewable utilization. However, widespread adoption is hindered by system-level integration barriers.</div><div>This systematic review adopts an aggregator-centric framework, positioning the aggregator as key coordinator for technical optimization, economic viability, and user engagement. Unlike prior reviews focusing on isolated aspects such as algorithms, markets, or user behavior, this study synthesizes 140 articles (from 492 retrieved, 2019–2025) through dual-query searches in Scopus and IEEE Xplore, with bibliometric co-occurrence analysis. Seven research clusters were identified, spanning optimization methods, AI, grid services, renewable integration, user behavior, peak management, and market mechanisms.</div><div>The review identifies inter-dependencies among control architectures (centralized to decentralized), optimization strategies (mathematical programming to deep reinforcement learning), grid services (peak shaving to resilience), and user considerations (e.g., battery degradation). Key insights demonstrate the aggregator plays a multi-faceted role in balancing grid stability, market participation, and user adoption, with grid capacity limitations potentially reducing V2G effectiveness by 50–70%.</div><div>Finally, the review proposes a roadmap emphasizing adaptive control architectures, explainable AI, standardized communication protocols, user-centric interfaces, and sustainable business models to overcome barriers and enable scalable, interoperable V2X ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhomogeneous degradation mechanisms in LiFePO4/Graphite pouch cells under temperature and over-discharge coupled accelerated aging","authors":"Rui Tang ,&nbsp;Jinyang Dong ,&nbsp;Yuefeng Su ,&nbsp;Xuebing Han ,&nbsp;Fangze Zhao ,&nbsp;Yun Lu ,&nbsp;Kang Yan ,&nbsp;Yi Jin ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Lai Chen ,&nbsp;Feng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the long-term durability of LiFePO₄/Graphite (LFP/Gr) pouch cells is essential for their deployment in electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. To clarify how multiple external stressors jointly influence failure behavior, this study investigates degradation under coupled high-temperature and over-discharge conditions (45 °C, 1.0 V) in comparison with baseline cycling (25 °C, 2.5 V). A multiscale framework integrating electrochemical diagnostics, structural and interfacial characterization, multimodal imaging, and finite-element modeling was employed to correlate macroscopic performance decay with microscopic failure mechanisms. The coupled condition results in a markedly faster loss of capacity and a nonlinear aging trajectory, in contrast to the nearly linear trend observed under baseline operation. The two stressors show distinct temporal contributions: temperature-driven interfacial breakdown and Fe dissolution appear early and evolve gradually, whereas over-discharge–induced Cu dissolution, graphite disordering, and lithium plating intensify sharply during later stages, establishing a clear sequence of degradation events. Dynamic resistance evolution further confirms staged failure involving SEI reconstruction, lithium inventory depletion, and metal dissolution–related impedance rise. Multimodal imaging reveals pronounced spatial inhomogeneity, including edge-focused lithium accumulation and non-uniform heat and current distribution, highlighting localized regions that are more vulnerable to degradation and safety concerns. Overall, the results provide mechanistic insight into how elevated temperature and over-discharge jointly shape the timing, severity, and spatial distribution of degradation in LFP/Gr pouch cells, and the integrated multiscale analysis framework established here offers a promising basis for extending such coupled-stressor investigations to other chemistries and battery architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-timescale electricity cost optimization for commercial buildings using EV second-life battery as energy storage systems","authors":"Zhi Cao,&nbsp;Naser Vosoughi Kurdkandi,&nbsp;Shengyu Jia,&nbsp;Chris Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of electric vehicles creates significant opportunities for stationary energy storage through second-life battery utilization. This paper proposes a multi-timescale electricity cost optimization framework for second-life battery energy storage systems (SLBESS) in commercial buildings and validates it on a real deployed system. To address the complex challenge of commercial tariffs that include both energy and demand charges, our approach decomposes the problem by timescale. An upper layer uses hourly model predictive control (MPC) with a rolling horizon for long-term energy arbitrage, while a lower layer employs real-time control to mitigate short-term power peaks. Critically, the framework integrates empirically validated, health-preserving constraints for second-life batteries, including a restricted 15%–85% state-of-charge window and a 0.25 C-rate current limit, directly linking battery longevity to economic optimization. Comprehensive validation using 12 months of real-world operational data from a deployed SLBESS demonstrates a 28.6% electricity cost reduction compared to no-storage operation, outperforming baseline rule-based and Lyapunov optimization methods by 6% and 16.1%, respectively. The framework ensures sub-500 ms computation times, achieves a modest annual battery degradation rate of 1.20%, and delivers a 5.0-year payback period, highlighting its practical viability and performance in real-world commercial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100515"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fused electrical-mechanical model with extended Kalman filter and adaptive weighting for state-of-charge estimation of lithium iron-phosphate batteries","authors":"Lan-Hao Lou ,&nbsp;Xi-Tai Liang ,&nbsp;Jiuchun Jiang ,&nbsp;Tianjun Lu ,&nbsp;Changhong Yu ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Jintao Shi ,&nbsp;Feng Ning ,&nbsp;Xue Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries remains challenging due to their characteristically flat open-circuit voltage (OCV) profile and pronounced hysteresis effects. Though recent advances have explored mechanical signals to improve estimation accuracy, the inherent non-monotonic force–SOC relationship and thermal expansion effects introduce additional complexities that hinder practical deployment. To address these challenges, we propose a SOC estimation framework that fuses an equivalent circuit model with an equivalent force model, explicitly accounting for both intercalation-induced and thermally induced stress. The proposed dual-model structure is integrated via a dual extended Kalman filter with adaptive weighting. This approach outperforms conventional methods under diverse operating conditions and demonstrates robustness against common error sources. Hardware-in-the-loop validation further confirms the real-time applicability of the proposed framework. This work offers a practical and accurate solution for SOC estimation in LFP batteries used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100522"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on loss calculation, temperature monitoring and thermal management technology of electric drive assembly: A comprehensive review","authors":"Peng Tang,&nbsp;Zhiguo Zhao,&nbsp;Jianyu Yang,&nbsp;Wenbo Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient and compact electric drive assembly (EDA) is treated as a crucial pathway to enhance the energy-saving potential of electric vehicles while effectively reducing carbon emissions. However, serious thermal management issues have surfaced under intricate operating conditions as a result of the growing integration of EDA. EDA's key parts like motors and inverters can quickly deteriorate due to extreme overheating. Thus, one crucial way to guarantee EDA's thermal safety is to monitor its thermal state under varied operating conditions and carry out efficient regulation. Actually, the research advances and shortcomings of EDA loss, thermal monitoring, and thermal management are not well summarized in the literature at present. Moreover, the sustainable development of EDA effective thermal management technology is thus promoted by evaluating and summarizing the current research accomplishments, which helps to comprehend the current technological level and its limitations in practical applications. First, this paper proposed a systematic development and closed-loop optimization framework for EDA thermal monitoring and active thermal management strategies, and conducts a comprehensive analysis and review of EDA loss calculation, thermal monitoring, and active and passive thermal management methods. Second, a thorough examination and comparison of the data reveals that the hybrid cooling approach, the mechanism and the data-driven fusion prediction method all perform optimally when compared to other methods now in use. However, their practical application still needs to overcome limitations such as the unclear thermal failure mechanism in extreme environments, limited edge sensing, insufficient computing power of automotive-grade chips, and the lack of testing standards. Finally, the challenges faced by EDA thermal monitoring and efficient thermal management methods in practical application are discussed. Additionally, its application directions are highlighted, including: large-scale standardized application, construction of intelligent monitoring-early warning-collaborative prevention and control framework, cloud-edge big data integration, and multi-scenario smart and reliable application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal dispatch of an electricity-thermal-hydrogen microgrid for zero-carbon airport operations with electric and hydrogen aircraft","authors":"Bozheng Li ,&nbsp;Jinning Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving net-zero aviation requires airport energy infrastructure that delivers an efficient, reliable, and diversified energy supply to support the parallel operations of emerging battery-electric, hybrid hydrogen-electric, and hydrogen-powered aircraft. This study assesses how airport energy systems can support the transition to zero-carbon aviation. We propose an integrated electricity-thermal-hydrogen microgrid that incorporates photovoltaics, hydrogen fuel cells, and multiple energy storage systems to reduce reliance on the power grid and external energy sources. Firstly, a refined statistical method utilizing surrogate models is developed to estimate aircraft charging and refuelling demands. A stochastic optimization model that exploits load shifting potential is then formulated to minimize total economic costs while reducing operational risks and enhancing grid support flexibility. The resulting optimal energy dispatch ensures that flight schedules and multi-energy demands are met across electricity, thermal, and hydrogen networks. Case studies based on real flight schedules from Manchester airport evaluate five energy dispatch scenarios with varying optimization priorities. The results demonstrate a 29.4 % increase in grid flexibility and a 63.2 % reduction in operational risks through the proposed multi-energy dispatch strategy. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses examine the impacts of electricity and hydrogen price fluctuations, as well as different aircraft integration ratios, identifying the optimal electricity-to-hydrogen energy demand ratio for efficient airport energy system operation. These findings provide practical insights for airport operators and policymakers in developing resilient and sustainable airport energy infrastructure, and in implementing effective energy strategies for zero-carbon airport operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100485"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the self-ignition mechanism of lithium iron phosphate battery modules: the coupling effect of battery inconsistency and BMS failure","authors":"Yuxuan Li ,&nbsp;Wenxin Mei ,&nbsp;Yin Yu ,&nbsp;Chaoshi Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping Zhuo ,&nbsp;Ye Chen ,&nbsp;Jinhua Sun ,&nbsp;Kaiqiang Jin ,&nbsp;Qingsong Wang ,&nbsp;Qiangling Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are widely used in energy storage stations (ESS) and electric vehicles owing to their intrinsic safety and long cycle life. While flame formation during thermal runaway (TR) is rarely observed at the single-cell level, module-level fires have been increasingly reported in operational ESS installations. In this study, we experimentally reproduced spontaneous ignition in LFP modules under conditions of BMS failure and state of charge (SOC) mismatch. Our results show that, although a single LFP cell does not self-ignite during TR, module-level thermal runaway propagation (TRP) can concentrate heat and accumulate electrolytes, thereby creating conditions favorable for ignition. Two primary ignition mechanisms were identified: (1) frictional sparks arising from safety valve ruptures, and (2) arc triggered by pooled electrolytes that cause external short circuits. Furthermore, TRP accelerates heat accumulation and mechanical expansion, forming a positive feedback loop that intensifies fire hazards. Notably, the TRP time interval between successive internal rolls was reduced by 85.5 % (from 241 s to 35 s) once ignition occurred, while the module expansion force increased by 136.3 % compared with the pre-TR state (from 167.4 kgf to 395.6 kgf). These findings challenge the conventional single-cell safety paradigm and highlight the urgent need for revised module-level safety strategies in the design of electrochemical ESS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100484"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace multi-cation high-entropy engineering enables ultra-stable cobalt-free LiNiO2 with >230 mAh/g","authors":"Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinquan Liu ,&nbsp;Qiqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Yi Guo ,&nbsp;Zuoguo Xiao ,&nbsp;Chenxi Li ,&nbsp;Lianghao Wen ,&nbsp;Wei Peng ,&nbsp;Weijing Yuan ,&nbsp;Gaolong Zhu ,&nbsp;Liang Yin ,&nbsp;Longlong Fan ,&nbsp;Lirong Zheng ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Tiening Tan ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Hua ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Ren ,&nbsp;Languang Lu ,&nbsp;Xiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cobalt-free LiNiO₂ (LNO) cathode, composed solely of transition metal nickel, stands out as a prime candidate for next-generation commercial cathodes, offering an exceptional theoretical capacity of 275 mAh/g, cost efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Unlike LiNi_xMn_yCo₂O₂ (NMC) counterparts, LiNiO₂ (LNO) cathode is plagued by rapid capacity degradation and safety risks due to absence of Co/Mn, which act as structural stabilizers ('rivets') in transition metal layer. This deficiency induces severe anisotropic lattice distortion and multi-phase transitions during charge/discharge cycles. These distortions are exacerbated at elevated temperatures (&gt;45 °C) and at high de-lithiation state with initial discharge capacities exceeding 230 mAh/g. To mitigate these issues, we introduced a high-entropy engineering approach for LNO, exemplified by LiNi_0.98Mo_0.005Nb_0.005Ti_0.005Mg_0.005O₂ (LNO-2 %HE). <em>In situ</em> XRD, synchrotron XAS and <em>ex situ</em> analyses reveal that the compositional complexity of LNO-2 %HE enhances structural disorder and amorphous character, which suppresses high-voltage phase transition. This design achieves 96.1 % capacity retention over 100 cycles at 25 °C and 97.5 % retention after 50 cycles at 45 °C, alongside an initial discharge capacity of 238 mAh/g at 0.1C. Furthermore, improved lattice oxygen stability in LNO-2 %HE inhibits oxygen release during thermal phase transitions, significantly enhancing safety. This strategy advances the viability of LNO cathode for high-energy-density batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}