T. Duda, Ying-Tsong Lin, A. Newhall, W. G. Zhang, J. Lynch
{"title":"Computational studies of time-varying three-dimensional acoustic propagation in canyon and slope regions","authors":"T. Duda, Ying-Tsong Lin, A. Newhall, W. G. Zhang, J. Lynch","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664419","url":null,"abstract":"A three-dimensional acoustic propagation code is united with fields from a regional ocean model to study time-varying acoustic propagation behavior in realistic environments. The resultant four-dimensional acoustic fields are examined here. The regional models used to date for this purpose have the limitations of invoking the hydrostatic approximation and having spatial resolution that is of order one-hundred times the acoustic wavelength. Examples chosen for analysis here are from canyon and slope regions near the continental shelf break (shelf edge). In this area, bathymetric effects on flow and highly variable sound interaction with the seafloor work to generate complex acoustic field behavior. Some features of sound fields are governed by the bathymetry and are steady in time. Other features are governed by variations on the water column and fluctuate.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125614624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Underwater ordnance classification using Time-Frequency signatures of backscattering signals","authors":"H. Ou, W. Au, V. Syrmos","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664264","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel underwater target classification scheme which recognizes underwater ordnances based on their backscattered Time-Frequency (TF) signatures. The objective is to automatically identify the shape and interior content of sea-disposed underwater munitions and ordnance found in the Hawaiian coastlines. This effort helps in the removal of the above sea-disposals from the ocean floor. A dolphin Sonar is used to generate backscattering signals from the targets. Characteristics of different targets are studied using the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD), and are discriminated using a cluster-based classification scheme. This method was tested on the backscattered signals from dummy ordnance measured in a water tank.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122211749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NLOS identification using a hybrid ToA-signal strength algorithm for underwater acoustic localization","authors":"R. Diamant, H. Tan, L. Lampe","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664483","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of obstacles in harbors or near shore environments leads to Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) links between two underwater acoustic communication (UWAC) nodes. That is, only echoes of the transmitted signal arrive at the receiving node. Mistaking the first (strong) echo as a Line-Of-sight (LOS) measurement and using it for ranging causes significant degradation of the accuracy level of UWAC-based localization. In this paper, we propose a solution for the NLOS identification problem in underwater acoustic localization. Results from both extensive simulations and sea trial experiments confirm our approach and demonstrate a high detection rate of NLOS measurements.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132233088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Passive acoustic monitoring during the SIRENA 10 cetacean survey","authors":"D. Hughes, J. Sildam, A. B-Nagy, K. Ryan, J. Haun","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664597","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals during the Sirena 10 survey. We present results of testing a towed array consisting of 4 broadband hydrophones arranged in a tetrahedral configuration (CPAM-Compact Passive Acoustic Monitoring), for detection, classification and localization of marine mammals. Robust angular determinations of detected signals were possible using time of arrival but range estimation was hindered by stability issues with the towed body. We present a preliminary cluster analysis of vocalization time series for species classification. Finally, we discuss the utility of such passive acoustic systems for cetacean surveys and their applications in abundance and habitat suitability modeling for marine mammals.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133981102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a deep-sea chemical analyzer for in-situ anion measurement","authors":"W. Bangchun, Peng Xiaotong, Zhou Huaiyang, X. Yunshi, Lv Feng, Wu Zhengwei","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664423","url":null,"abstract":"This paper designs an undersea in-situ anion analyzer that could work in the depth of 4000 meters. Based on the method of ion chromatography, the device detects the concentrations of F<sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, Br<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> etc. The analyzer consists of there major parts: a pressure housing containing the control unit, an oil-filled housing containing the fluid analysis part and a peristaltic pump for transferring seawater and elution, and it has functions of in-situ calibration and seawater dilution. The system performed successfully in a serious of experiments.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131492862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Initial results in underwater single image dehazing","authors":"Nicholas Carlevaris-Bianco, A. Mohan, R. Eustice","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664428","url":null,"abstract":"As light is transmitted from subject to observer it is absorbed and scattered by the medium it passes through. In mediums with large suspended particles, such as fog or turbid water, the effect of scattering can drastically decrease the quality of images. In this paper we present an algorithm for removing the effects of light scattering, referred to as dehazing, in underwater images. Our key contribution is to propose a simple, yet effective, prior that exploits the strong difference in attenuation between the three image color channels in water to estimate the depth of the scene. We then use this estimate to reduce the spatially varying effect of haze in the image. Our method works with a single image and does not require any specialized hardware or prior knowledge of the scene. As a by-product of the dehazing process, an up-to-scale depth map of the scene is produced. We present results over multiple real underwater images and over a controlled test set where the target distance and true colors are known.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130990135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implications of signal intensity fluctuations on vector sensor array processing","authors":"D. Dall'Osto, P. Dahl","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663783","url":null,"abstract":"Vector sensor processing relies on the covariance matrix for both a single vector sensor and a larger matrix from a vector sensor array. The elements of these covariance matrices have physical interpretation in terms of complex intensity. The presence of reactive intensity on the array shows up in the off diagonal elements of the covariance matrix and has significant implications on direction of arrival (DOA) algorithms. Sources of reactive intensity in an underwater waveguide are dependent on the geometry of the system and fluctuations in these quantities affect the ability to increase the array aperture to better resolve arrival angles.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133724671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance study of variable-rate modulation for underwater communications based on experimental data","authors":"B. Tomasi, L. Toni, P. Casari, L. Rossi, M. Zorzi","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664467","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an analysis of the performance of a variable-rate adaptive modulation system based on instantaneous SNR information. The SNR traces we consider are part of the SubNet'09 experimental dataset, and have been derived by processing an hyperbolic frequency-modulated signal in the 9-14 kHz band. We start by deriving the high level behavior of the channel in terms of the statistics of channel fading effects, which are found to be well modeled by a Nakagami-m distribution, where the parameter m is estimated over a whole experiment or over smaller time windows throughout the experiment, depending on the variability of the SNR. The statistics of the channel behavior are then used to derive the performance of a variable-rate modulation scheme switching between five different constellations; the cases of both instantaneous and outdated channel knowledge are considered. Analytical results are compared to simulations to show that the Nakagami-m distribution can satisfactorily capture the statistics of the channel, provided that the estimation of the m parameter, as well as of the correlation of the SNR process, is repeated in case of macroscopic channel variations.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115348268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Covert underwater acoustic communications: Transceiver structures, waveform designs and associated performances","authors":"Jun Ling, Hao He, Jian Li, W. Roberts, P. Stoica","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663840","url":null,"abstract":"Covert communications are conducted at a low received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to prevent interception or detection by an eavesdropper, and successful detection in this particular area heavily relies on the processing gain achieved by employing the direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technique. If covert communications take place in underwater acoustic (UWA) environments, then additional challenges are present. UWA channels are time-varying in nature, which could preclude an accurate channel estimation at low SNR. Furthermore, UWA environments are frequency-selective with long-memory channels, which imposes challenges to the design of the spreading waveform. In this paper, we investigate covert UWA communications from a noncoherent perspective. Two modulation schemes are addressed, namely, binary orthogonal modulation and binary differential phase-shift keying (DPSK). Both schemes are coupled with the DSSS technique and a RAKE receiver. The employed spreading waveforms not only account for the transceiver structure and frequency-selective nature of the UWA channel, but also serve to protect the privacy of the transmitted information. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by numerical examples.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115674711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of fiber rope complex stiffness behavior on mooring line tensions with large vessels moored in waves","authors":"S. Banfield, J. Flory","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663801","url":null,"abstract":"At terminals exposed to waves, the first-order wave-induced vessel motions can cause very high mooring line load ranges and peak tensions which can result in excessive mooring line fatigue and breakouts. These effects can be alleviated by proper selection of fiber rope materials and lengths for mooring lines and tails. Fiber rope stiffness characteristics are complex. The broken-in rope stiffness is suitable for calculating mooring line tensions with constant wind and current forces. But wave-induced vessel motions can cause cyclic tensioning and increase the peak mooring line tension. While the rope is cycling, it becomes stiffer. The cycling stiffness of the rope is greater than its brokenin stiffness. This cycling stiffness should be used when calculating the peak mooring line tensions caused by wave-induced vessel motions. This paper describes the complex axial stiffness behavior of synthetic fiber ropes. It explains how rope stiffness increases during cycling. It demonstrates how the rope cycling stiffness can significantly increase peak mooring line tensions in wave environments. Recorded mooring line load data was available from an exposed terminal where both nylon and polyester tails are compared with loads calculated by the Optimoor Seakeeping mooring analysis computer program. When the rope cycling stiffness was used instead of its broken-in stiffness, good agreement was achieved between the measured and the calculated peak wavemotion-induced mooring loads. This paper will be of interest to fiber rope engineers, mooring operators and mooring system designers.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114604444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}