{"title":"Concepts for an ideal ocean wave-measuring buoy","authors":"T. Mettlach, C. Teng","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664525","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of several national buoy wave data collection programs is given to establish a rough idea of the state of the art in automated wave data acquisition systems, including buoys, sensors and techniques. The largest program is that of the National Data Buoy Center, managed under the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; however, the most popular commercial wave buoy is Datawell B.V.'s Waverider®, followed by the OCEANOR Wavescan buoy. These two buoy types have been deployed around the world by several countries. The latest technique for wave measurement from buoys, done independently by the United States, the Netherlands, Japan and South Africa, uses displacements obtained from the Global Positioning System constellation of polar orbiting satellites. Communications systems using geosynchronous and low earth orbiting satellites and ground radio are discussed. Three concepts for improving the quality of wave data from buoys are presented.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"539 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116591904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Space-frequency distribution of the vector field of broad-band sound in shallow water","authors":"Qunyan Ren, J. Hermand, S. Piao","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664109","url":null,"abstract":"An uniform distribution often appears in the space-frequency plane for broad-band, low-frequency sound intensity generated by a moving source in a shallow water environment. Waveguide invariant theory is used to interpret this phenomenon, and it has been applied for inverse problems in underwater acoustics. A vector sensor has advantages in providing both pressure and particle velocity information about the sound field simultaneously, and a higher signal-to-noise ratio signal than a traditional hydrophone. In the present paper, the space-frequency distribution of broad-band vector acoustic signals in a Pekeris waveguide is investigated using normal mode theory. A comparison between experimental and predicted space-frequency distributions is made for the Yellow Shark environment. The effects of the sound speed profile of the water column, the existence of a soft sediment layer, the change of sound speed or thickness of the soft sediment on the space-frequency distribution are examined. The possibility of using space-frequency distributions to invert for environmental parameters is discussed.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"23 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116609964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability of Fiber Optic connectors","authors":"R. Jones, A. Thiraviam","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664452","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber Optic equipment including wet-mate optical connectors is a key part of today's subsea infrastructure in oceanographic, defense and oil and gas applications. For secure communications, high bandwidth applications and large step-out distances fiber optic technology is superior to electrical data transfer. Despite these significant advantages, perceived reliability of fiber optic technology especially subsea wet-mate connectors has been heavily debated in the industry. This paper examines some of the common industry concerns over fiber optics and the recent advancements in the industry that have improved the robustness and reliability of subsea fiber optic interconnections. The paper also looks at accelerated aging tests and field data that demonstrate repeatable performance of subsea connectors over hundreds of mate cycles. This paper will also present information concerning the robustness of fiber optic interconnects to handle subsea interventions and installations, highlighting recent advancements in the connector designs to allow easy and repeatable mating and demating of these devices in the harsh subsea environments. Finally, another impediment to common use of the fiber-optic connectors is the perceived technology readiness with successful deployment history. The paper dissects the relevant reliability data from the use of these connectors over the past 15 years and uncovers important inferences on the reliability of subsea fiber optic interconnects.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117027240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Rhinefrank, A. Schacher, J. Prudell, E. Hammagren, C. Stillinger, D. Naviaux, T. Brekken, A. Jouanne
{"title":"Scaled wave energy device performance evaluation through high resolution wave tank testing","authors":"K. Rhinefrank, A. Schacher, J. Prudell, E. Hammagren, C. Stillinger, D. Naviaux, T. Brekken, A. Jouanne","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664056","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the high-precision wave tank testing of Columbia Power Technologies' (COLUMBIA POWER's) 1:15 scale wave energy device in Oregon State University's (OSU's) large wave flume. Wave energy converter (WEC) testing in the OSU O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory (HWRL), in collaboration with the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) headquartered at OSU, includes state-of-the-art optical motion tracking and data acquisition developed to facilitate the optimization of wave energy devices to efficiently convert the motion of ocean waves into electrical energy. This paper includes the high resolution wave tank testing process, and example performance results.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128647273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sea trial research on multi-source underwater acoustic image measurement technology based on the sparse array","authors":"Jidan Mei, Xueli Sheng, Long-xiang Guo, Jingwei Yin","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664047","url":null,"abstract":"The underwater acoustic image measurement technology is a technology of passive acoustic localization in near field, which can get the track of moving target by measuring the main noise sources of the target through large scale array. Because of the complexity of underwater environment, it is difficult to lay a large high-accuracy half-wavelength array. Thus it is more convenient to use a sparse array in underwater acoustic image measuring. The sea trial research on the underwater acoustic image measurement based on the sparse array has been done to verify the feasibility of the method. The experiment result shows that using sparse array would lead to a series of interference fringes appearing in the image, but the interference fringes can be removed by frequency-division integrated technology. Three tracks measurement results of a catamaran are given. The results prove that the method is feasible.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129229470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Call and component evaluation for improved performance of recognition of killer whale individuals","authors":"N. Nichols, L. Atlas, A. Bowles, M. Roch","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664444","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this experiment was to determine the contribution of the initial broad band component of the SD1(1a/b) vocalization towards recognition of individual killer whales (Orcinus orca). Prior research showed classification using the SD1(1a/b) vocalization performed 23% better compared to classification using the SD3(1) vocalization. One possible theory for this observation was the presence of a broad band buzz at the initiation of the SD1 call. It was theorized the broad band buzz of the vocalization was more continuously sampling the frequency response of the vocal production mechanism, (classically described as the filter in the source-filter model of speech) and potentially contributed to the observed increase in recognition. Experiments were performed with vocalizations provided by Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute and consisted of 20 SD1(1a/b) vocalizations for each of four whales (2 male, 2 female). The broadband component was hand segmented from the vocalization. Classification was performed on the full and segmented vocalizations with a Gaussian mixture model, using mel-frequency cepstral coefficient feature vectors. Using the full vocalization, overall accuracy was 75 +/- 2% using a 95% confidence interval. Using only the segmented broad band component, overall accuracy was 56 +/- 2% using a 95% confidence interval. Chance performance was 25%. These results cannot definitively support or reject a source filter model, but do point to the need for focused research to develop appropriate feature vectors for individual identification using acoustic cues.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124203019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Simpson, W. Cox, John R. Krier, Brandon Cochenour, Brian L. Hughes, John F. Muth
{"title":"5 Mbps optical wireless communication with error correction coding for underwater sensor nodes","authors":"J. Simpson, W. Cox, John R. Krier, Brandon Cochenour, Brian L. Hughes, John F. Muth","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664429","url":null,"abstract":"One issue with underwater sensors is how to efficiently transfer large amounts of data collected by the node to an interrogating platform such as an underwater vehicle. It is often impractical to make a physical connection between the node and the vehicle which suggests an acoustic or optical wireless solution. For large amounts of data, the high bandwidth of underwater optical wireless is an advantage. A small, low-cost platform to demonstrate the potential of an optical wireless communications interface for underwater sensor nodes is demonstrated. To enhance the reliability and robustness of the optical wireless communication digital signal processing and error correction techniques are used. The system was tested in 3 and 7.7 meter tanks at 5 Mbps with the turbidity of the water controlled by the addition of Maalox.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123476517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Proctor, J. Kennedy, E. Gamroth, C. Bradley, D. Gamroth
{"title":"The Ocean Technology Test Bed - From concept to operation","authors":"A. Proctor, J. Kennedy, E. Gamroth, C. Bradley, D. Gamroth","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664393","url":null,"abstract":"The Ocean Technology Test Bed (OTTB) is a multi-functional underwater test facility developed by the Ocean Technology Lab (OTL) at the University of Victoria to serve military, academia, government and industry. The OTTB is located off the coast of Vancouver Island, Canada. It resides in 80m of water and covers 2-square kilometers of the seafloor A seafloor cable provides power and communication to a recoverable platform. The platform sits inside of an Integrated cabled long baseline Acoustic System (IAS), which provides precision tracking and acoustic communication throughout the OTTB arena. The facility has the tools researchers require to develop new underwater technologies, such as: oceanographic sensors, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs); underwater AUV docking systems; guidance, navigation and control algorithms; multiple vehicle cooperation; acoustic communication; and autonomous remote sensors. The OTTB project is a satellite off of the Victoria Experimental Network Under the Sea (VENUS) observatory in Saanich Inlet, and was originally proposed as an engineering laboratory to facilitate the development and testing of new underwater technology for use on cabled ocean observatories, and as a proving ground for demonstrating the suitability of existing technology for long term deployments in remote locations. The facility has subsequently come to fill a broader role, serving as a test facility for surveying, security and other ocean sensing applications. The first phase of the OTTB installation has been completed and operational testing is now underway. This document describes the development and installation of this unique facility and presents case studies for the first few experiments to capitalize on the capabilities of the OTTB.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121265617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Viscous effects for the structural model of a towfish system","authors":"M. Blanco","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664338","url":null,"abstract":"The vibration of structural members towed astern of a surface vessel has been modelled variously by strings and beams, neither of which accounts for the viscosity of water. The work of Cortinez and Laura accounts for viscosity as a damper. An application of their method to towfish systems and the vibrational modes which result are described.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126257092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behavioral results from acoustically tagged fish using innovative techniques for analyzing three-dimensional data","authors":"T. Steig, S. Johnston","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664455","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic tags have been used to monitor the swimming patterns of downstream migrating salmon smolts approaching various dams on the Columbia River, USA. Downstream migrating yearling chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), steelhead (O. mykiss), sockeye (O. nerka), and sub-yearling chinook smolts were surgically implanted with acoustic tags. Fish were tracked in three-dimensions as they approached and passed into the turbine intakes, spillways, and surface bypass channel entrances at the dams during the spring and summer outmigrations of 2005-2009. A number of advances in the analysis methods, techniques and software have been made over the past several years. Some of these improvements include the development of fish density algorithms, stream trace modeling analysis, and advances in three-dimensional animation programs. Three-dimensional tracks of fish approaching the turbine intakes, spillways, and surface bypass channel entrances will be presented. Concentrations of fish passage will be presented as three-dimensional fish densities superimposed over dam structures.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126508811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}