{"title":"Modeling Analysis and the Musical Text Generation Process: An Analysis of Chopin's Prelude in B♭ Major, Op. 28, No. 21","authors":"P. Rosato","doi":"10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.35.1-2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.35.1-2.06","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new modeling approach to the analysis of tonal music, using Chopin’s Prelude in B♭ major, Op. 28, No. 21 as a case study. The method, with its focus on the use of empirical procedures, treats music as an organic phenomenon. “Model,” in this context, means a configuration of musical components (such as melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic) that demonstrate the generation process of a given piece of music.1 Nicolas Ruwet2 and Jean-Jacques Nattiez3 created and developed paradigmatic analysis between the 1960s and 1990s, building on","PeriodicalId":363428,"journal":{"name":"Indiana Theory Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130957736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Analysis of 18th- and 19th-Century Musical Works in the Classical Tradition by David Beach and Ryan McClelland. New York: Routledge, 2012.","authors":"Steven D. Mathews","doi":"10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.34.1-2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.34.1-2.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":363428,"journal":{"name":"Indiana Theory Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124453250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liszt's \"Poisoned\" Song: Examining the Versions and Poetic Interpretations of Vergiftet sind meine Lieder","authors":"Michael Vitalino","doi":"10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.34.1-2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.34.1-2.01","url":null,"abstract":"If readers peruse the catalogue of Liszt’s songs in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, they will notice that several works exist in multiple versions. These variants differ in their degree of similarity, ranging from near copies of the original to completely new text settings. Scholars continue to document the challenges these different versions pose for performers and scholars alike. Some studies provide cursory observations about alterations to melodic, harmonic, and formal features while others detail stylistic changes among the revisions.1 Most important are studies that account for more than general characteristics by exploring Liszt’s “developing vision” for a work via his revisions.2 A teleological view of Liszt’s output, tracing his","PeriodicalId":363428,"journal":{"name":"Indiana Theory Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123173235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ornamental and Motivic Integration in Chopin's Op. 9 Nocturnes","authors":"J. Gran","doi":"10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.34.1-2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.34.1-2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The distinction between musical structure and ornament, like most dichotomies, affords an opportunity for boundary play. This dichotomy was brought into focus at the turn of the nineteenth century, which marked a stylistic shift from the classical use of ornament, to articulate structure, towards a style in which ornamentation was treated thematically. Charles Rosen traces this shift occurring as early as Haydn’s op. 33 quartets and continuing through Beethoven’s late works.1 As an example, the finale of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata op. 111 features a gradual acceleration in each variation that culminates in a cadential trill in the final variation. Beethoven has provided a thematic justification for an ornamental convention—here, structural process and ornamental expressivity are inseparable. Along these same lines, Gerald Abraham once quipped, “When is ornamentation not ornamentation? . . . When it is Chopin’s.”2 This suggests a similar perspective to Rosen’s but the observation is translated to a later repertoire. For Chopin, no less than for the Viennese classics, the thematic treatment of ornamentation is a central stylistic concern. In the op. 9 nocturnes of 1830–31, Chopin demonstrates a concern for the integration of ornamental detail with large-scale compositional design. Although Chopin employs a wide diversity of ornamental figures in these works, some ornaments take on a distinct, motivic significance. Two ornamental motives in particular saturate the fioritura passages and cadenzas of op. 9. These motives serve to integrate the opus both in terms of its breadth, by stretching across all three nocturnes, and","PeriodicalId":363428,"journal":{"name":"Indiana Theory Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125627699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Analytical Tradition of Schoenberg's Erwartung (Op. 17)","authors":"R. Knight","doi":"10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.34.1-2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.34.1-2.05","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer of 1909, Schoenberg and his family spent their vacation in Steinakirchen with a circle of friends including his brother-in-law and former composition teacher, Alexander von Zemlinsky. Also present were Schoenberg’s composition students Alban Berg and Anton Webern, and poet Max Oppenheimer. Through Zemlinsky, Schoenberg was introduced to Marie von Pappenheim, a medical student from the University of Vienna, who contributed poetry regularly for Karl Kraus’s journal Die Fackel under the pseudonym Mary Heim. Schoenberg asked the recent graduate to write a libretto for his next work, an opera for solo soprano. Without any further instructions, Pappenheim wrote the text for Erwartung.2 Pappenheim completed the libretto in only three weeks. Lucid and free, the poet’s writing style suggests a trust in “creative intuition","PeriodicalId":363428,"journal":{"name":"Indiana Theory Review","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131989079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elaboration of the Grundgestalt through an Analysis of Max Reger's Orchestral Works","authors":"M. Dimitrijevic","doi":"10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.34.1-2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.34.1-2.04","url":null,"abstract":"At the vivid fin-de-siècle Austro-German music scene marked by the Wagner-Brahms controversy, Max Reger (1873−1916) was recognized as a leading figure—the equal of Richard Strauss, Arnold Schoenberg and Gustav Mahler, if not, at times, even more conspicuous than them. It is therefore rather strange that shortly after Reger’s premature death, he nearly fell into oblivion outside the Austro-German musical sphere. One of the goals of the following analysis is to draw attention to or revive the interest of scholars and analysts in Reger’s music. During his Munich years (1901−7), Reger stood out as an uncompromising defender of absolute music and an enthusiastic modernist. In his most advanced works composed during this period, Reger undermined tonality, reaching the very border of atonality. On the other hand, he constantly maintained an intense and profound dialogue with the musical past—in particular with Bach and Brahms, whose mastery of motivic organization is readily recognized in Reger’s work. This makes Reger a typical representative of historicist modernism.1 Indeed, throughout his works, Reger combines an innovative harmonic language, marked by dense chromaticism, fractured harmonic progressions, disintegration of the traditional syntax, and prevalence of motivic logic, with classical harmonic and formal procedures. Even in his orchestral works which are considered to be","PeriodicalId":363428,"journal":{"name":"Indiana Theory Review","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121843287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Proper Boundaries\" and the \"Incoherent\" Succession V(7)–IV","authors":"T. Cutler","doi":"10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.32.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.32.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"A predicament awaits anyone who contemplates authoring a textbook on tonal music theory. On the one hand, a textbook should provide a clear and rational pedagogical foundation, one that stresses the order and logic essential to the formulation of tonal music. On the other hand, music is not an exact science, and there should be an acknowledgement that for every rule, there is an exception to it. The author’s challenge is to achieve a balance between these opposing concerns. A textbook that places too much emphasis on unalterable edicts turns the study of tonal music into an unimaginative puzzle for which one seeks hackneyed solutions. A textbook that muddies the waters with too many unusual sidelines risks a loss of pedagogical focus and obscures the idea that coherence—not quixotic flights of artistic fancy—is at the heart of tonal composition. Even so, deviations from the fundamental tenets of music theory are some of its most fascinating topics. Tonal composers consistently find ingenious ways to circumvent theoretical statutes while still adhering to the Mozartian dictum: “Music, even in the most terrible situations, must never offend the ear....”1 Often, decisions to omit theoretical tangents from a textbook are made by its publisher rather than its author. Limitations of space prevent most monographs from delving more deeply into these matters. Consequently, authors pepper their maxims with adjectives such as “usually” and “typically” as a means of tacitly admitting there is more to the story than is being told. Particularly for beginning students, certain regulations leave strong impressions, ones that tend to create false assumptions regarding actual tonal works. Directives such as “no parallel fifths” and “sevenths","PeriodicalId":363428,"journal":{"name":"Indiana Theory Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123300625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alberich after the Apocalypse: Christopher Rouse's \"Sequel\" to Wagner's Ring","authors":"Matthew Baileyshea","doi":"10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.32.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.32.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"In 1976, Götz Friedrich directed a centenary production of the Ring cycle at Covent Garden with an unusual and highly provocative ending. As the waters rise and Valhalla burns, Alberich—boldly disregarding Wagner’s stage directions—briefly emerges to witness the apocalyptic scene.1 Though unsanctioned by Wagner, Friedrich’s interpretation is justified. After all, unlike any other major character in the Ring, Alberich’s fate is unknown at the end of the cycle and he may very well be alive. Christopher Rouse’s Der gerettete Alberich, a “Fantasy for Solo Percussion and Orchestra” (1997), originates from the same interpretive impulse. It begins with the closing bars of Götterdämmerung and then imagines Alberich’s existence in the wake of the apocalypse. The piece features a rather loose, three-movement structure (fast-slow-fast) with frequent manipulation of Wagner’s leitmotifs. Despite obvious programmatic implications, Rouse did not intend a specific narrative design. As he puts it: “it is not a narrative piece in the manner of, say, Strauss’ Don Quixote. Beyond a brief passage in which Alberich serves a stint as a rock drummer...I was not attempting to paint specific pictures in this score. However, the listener is free to provide whatever images he or she likes to the sonic goings-on.”2 It is difficult to place such recent music in an appropriate historical and stylistic context. We are simply not far enough removed to offer a panoramic view of the latest fin de siècle musical scene. Rouse’s piece, however, evokes a number of familiar late twentieth-century compositional","PeriodicalId":363428,"journal":{"name":"Indiana Theory Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133278764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Pedagogical and Psychological Challenge: Teaching Post-Tonal Music to Twenty-First-Century Students","authors":"Miguel A. Roig-Francolí","doi":"10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.33.1-2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.33.1-2.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":363428,"journal":{"name":"Indiana Theory Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133807015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anti-hero Worship: The Emergence of the \"Byronic hero\" Archetype in the Nineteenth Century","authors":"C. Palfy","doi":"10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.32.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/INDITHEOREVI.32.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The works of poet Lord Byron were a tour de force over the course of the nineteenth century—from the serial release of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812–1818), ever-famous poetry like Don Juan (1819), and his dramatic stage works, such as Manfred (1817), Byron can be noted as one of the most highly influential authors and artists of his time.1 Though Byronic style and traits were adopted by a variety of authors and poets throughout Europe, Byron’s influence stretched beyond the literary. Berlioz, Brahms, Schumann, Verdi, Tchaikovsky, Strauss, and other nineteenth-century composers also adopted Byronic plots or narrative elements and incorporated them into musical works.2 Aside from the polemical writing style and sensational authorial persona that mark his work as distinct, Byron also introduced a unique character type, the “Byronic hero.” This novel hero manipulated standard behaviors and plot outcomes associated with earlier conceptions","PeriodicalId":363428,"journal":{"name":"Indiana Theory Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130989947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}