International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogen absorption in metal hydrides: A dual-head tree-based framework for material class classification","authors":"Zaid Allal ,&nbsp;Hassan N. Noura ,&nbsp;Flavien Vernier ,&nbsp;Ola Salman ,&nbsp;Khaled Chahine","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal hydrides represent a highly promising alternative for hydrogen storage due to their favorable absorption properties and relatively moderate requirements in terms of temperature and pressure during the uptake stage. Furthermore, their ability to undergo multiple absorption–desorption cycles without significant degradation makes them particularly well-suited for repeated charge–discharge operations. In this work, we propose a two-headed machine learning framework for the classification of metal hydrides. The first head determines whether a material belongs to the AB family of hydrides. If not, the second head classifies it into one of the remaining categories: MIS, SS, MG, or complex hydrides. This hierarchical modeling strategy, inspired by fault detection and diagnosis in biphasic systems, proved effective in improving classification accuracy. The framework was trained using six tree-based estimators: Random Forest, LightGBM, XGBoost, CatBoost, Gradient Boosting, and Extra Trees. Strong imputation techniques, including the KNN imputer, were also employed to address missing data and ensure robustness. The results demonstrate that for the first head, the Random Forest model achieved an accuracy of 88.6% in identifying the AB family class. For the second head, Gradient Boosting reached 91.61% accuracy, which was further improved to 92.56% after hyperparameter tuning. When compared to previous studies using the same dataset, our framework exhibits significantly stronger performance. Moreover, its predictions were validated through the integration of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods, ensuring both interpretability and reliability. This framework will be further optimized to extend beyond class-level identification toward the precise prediction of hydride composition formulas, with the aim of better supporting the design of materials with enhanced hydrogen absorption capacities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of unit cell size on fluid dynamics in lattice structures: Experimental and numerical insights","authors":"Leonardo Bernardini ,&nbsp;Stefano Piacquadio ,&nbsp;Kai-Uwe Schröder ,&nbsp;Mauro Mameli ,&nbsp;Paolo Di Marco ,&nbsp;Sauro Filippeschi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced manufacturing techniques have made it possible to customize the geometry of solids unit cells, creating various architected materials. One type of such material is the strut or surface-based lattice. In this work, we investigated fluid flow through two lattice structure topologies, body-centered cubic (<em>bcc</em>) and face-centered cubic with vertical strut (<em>f</em>₂<em>ccz</em>). The goal is to understand the effect of the unit cell size and cell orientation on pressure drops and permeability. By doing this, we aim to clarify how the scale of the unit cell influences the treatment of lattice structures as porous media. Through the experimental campaign, we characterized the pressure drops across these structures and performed dimensionless analyses of the measurements. The investigation involved a numerical model to simulate fluid flow behavior at low velocities and determine permeability using the Darcy equation. Finally, we coupled the experimental results with numerical simulations to assess the inertial coefficient in the Darcy-Forchheimer correlation. The results showed that, given the cell topology, porosity and flow direction, it is possible to uniquely determine the relationship between velocity and pressure losses as a function of hydraulic diameter. Additionally, the permeability ratio to the square of the hydraulic diameter, with fixed topology, porosity and flow direction, resulted in a constant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic optimization of magnetic hyperthermia via elasticity tuning in non-Newtonian blood flow","authors":"Ali Ahmadi Azar,&nbsp;Zahra Poolaei Moziraji","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Weissenberg number (<em>We</em>) quantifies the relative dominance of elastic over viscous forces in tangent‐hyperbolic fluids such as blood and is classically divided into three regimes—low to moderate elasticity (<em>We</em> ≈ 0.01–0.1), transitional elasticity (<em>We</em> ≈ 0.1–1.0), and high elasticity (<em>We</em> ≈ 1.0–2.0). A unified analysis reveals that average velocity decreases by 0.17 %, 1.82 %, and 2.27 % across these regimes (from 0.0968 to 0.0927), skin friction intensifies by 0.23 %, 2.43 %, and 3.10 % (from –1.1616 to –1.0957), Nusselt number rises by 0.06 %–0.86 % (from –5.6063 to –5.5192), entropy‐generation rates grow by 0.14 %–2.08 % (from 0.0233 to 0.0242), and temperature distributions shift by less than 0.05 %. Progressive viscoelasticity restructures velocity profiles via boundary‐layer thinning and 0.17–2.27 % velocity reduction; coupled radiation–magnetic effects leave temperature invariant (&lt;0.05 % variation); skin friction and Nusselt number respond through amplified shear and thermal gradients (increasing by 0.23–3.10 % and 0.06–0.86 %, respectively); entropy generation rises by 0.14–2.08 % with viscous dissipation dominating beyond <em>We</em> ≈ 1.0; the critical <em>We</em> for irreversibility shift is ≈1.0; and entropy minimization in magnetic hyperthermia is achieved in the low elasticity regime (<em>We</em> ≤ 0.1). The novelty of the governing equations necessitates validation via residual error assessment of the computational solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive control of turbulent flow around a circular cylinder using slots at separation points","authors":"Irfan Ahmad Sheikh ,&nbsp;Emad Elnajjar ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Elgendi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow control is essential in various engineering applications and environmental contexts to ensure safety, improve efficiency, and enhance overall performance. This study examines the influence of slot configurations at turbulent flow separation points on a circular cylinder and their ability to passively control vortex shedding at a high Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>) = 3.6 × 10⁶. An unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulation using a realizable k–ε turbulence model with standard wall treatment was employed to evaluate the aerodynamic behavior of two slot geometries, straight and curved, under identical flow conditions. The results reveal that the introduction of slots substantially modifies the wake structure and aerodynamic loading, increasing the mean drag coefficient from 0.379 for the smooth cylinder to 0.99 and 1.5 for the straight and curved slot configurations, respectively. Similarly, the lift coefficient amplitude increased nearly tenfold, from ±0.1 to approximately ±1 for the curved-slotted cylinder. These findings confirm that slot-induced flow reattachment and momentum exchange enhance vortex coherence and wake stability, providing a robust passive flow-control mechanism. The proposed configuration demonstrates strong potential for integration into bluff-body-based systems such as bladeless wind turbines and tidal energy harvesters, where enhanced lift and controlled drag can improve energy capture efficiency and structural performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of thermal and concentration transport in unsteady MHD squeezing nanofluid flow under the influence of chemical reaction and joule heating","authors":"Sharad Sinha ,&nbsp;Prachi Gupta ,&nbsp;Saleem Nasir ,&nbsp;K. Loganathan ,&nbsp;Kavita Jat ,&nbsp;Abdallah Berrouk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) squeezing flow of a viscous incompressible nanofluid enclosed between two parallel plates and affected by an inclined magnetic field. Suction/injection at the lower plate is also considered to enhance control over the flow. Such flow occurs in microfluidics, lubrication, material processing, and cooling devices, which indicates the need to introduce transport mechanisms at small scales. The flow is driven by the motion of the lower plate translating in its own plane, while the upper plate moves perpendicularly. The flow governing equations are converted to a set of coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations through similarity transformations. These reduced equations are then numerically solved using the bvp4c MATLAB solver. Validation is achieved for the obtained outcomes by comparing with existing literature. The study presents comprehensive parametric analyses of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles through their graphical representations under varying parameter conditions. When the squeezing parameter increases, the velocity profile improves in both suction and injection cases. For the Schmidt parameter (0.1 ≤ <em>S</em>c≤ 1.0), the concentration profile decreases ϕ(η = 0.3) = 0.200695 to ϕ(η = 0.3) = 0.163544) in the injection case. The temperature profile enhances, but the concentration profile declines when distance parameter goes from δ=0.1 to δ=0.8. Furthermore, detailed analyses of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are provided at both plates to offer more profound insights into the physical phenomena, with potential implications for applications in microfluidic systems, cooling technologies, and industrial fluid processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and artificial neural network time-series modeling of Casson–Jeffrey nanofluid flow over linear and nonlinear stretching surfaces in porous media","authors":"Yogesh K. ,&nbsp;Varatharaj K. ,&nbsp;Tamizharasi R.","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the synergistic influence of magnetohydrodynamics, thermal radiation and porous medium on the transport of Casson–Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid over both linear and nonlinear stretching sheets. The governing equations are solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta with Shooting method and the outcomes are validated with a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network in neural network time series. The key controlling parameters include magnetic number, Casson parameter, Jeffrey parameter, buoyancy ratio, radiation parameter, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Prandtl number and heat generation. The results demonstrate that increasing the magnetic parameter from 0.1 to 0.4 enhances the skin friction magnitude by approximately 12% for linear stretching and 15% for nonlinear stretching. Similarly, raising the radiation parameter from 0.1 to 0.4 increases skin friction magnitude by about 10% in the linear case and 25% in the nonlinear case. In contrast, the Nusselt number decreases when the Brownian motion parameter rises from 0.1 to 0.4, leading to an almost 11% reduction in both linear and nonlinear flows. Thermophoresis effects further suppress the heat transfer rate, showing a 5% decline when its value increases from 0.1 to 0.4. Neural network validation confirms the accuracy of the solver, with regression coefficients very close to unity <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9999</mn></mrow></math></span> and mean square error values as low as <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>84</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. These findings underline the physical importance of magnetic, radiative, and porous medium effects in hybrid nanofluid transport and demonstrate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence tools for predictive modeling. Future research can extend this framework to unsteady, three-dimensional and experimentally validated configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of variable viscosity on thermal mechanics in Casson hybrid nanofluid flow in a porous channel","authors":"Annapurna Tarapuram ,&nbsp;Syed Mohiuddin ,&nbsp;Suneetha Kolasani ,&nbsp;M. Karuna Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the mixed convective and heat transfer flow characteristics of a Casson hybrid nanofluid, consisting of gold (<em>Au</em>) and titanium (<em>Ti</em>) nanoparticles suspended in blood, traversing a vertical channel within a porous medium. Motivated by the growing relevance of nanofluids in biomedical applications, particularly in targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia-based cancer treatments, this work aims to understand how variable viscosity and thermal conductivity influence heat transfer enhancement. The research addresses a key gap in the literature by modeling a non-Newtonian blood-based hybrid nanofluid using Casson fluid theory, which better represents the rheological properties of blood compared to Newtonian assumptions. The governing nonlinear momentum and energy equations are obtained and translated by similarity transformations, and hence, solved numerically using MATLAB's BVP5C technique. Quantitative results show that the incorporation of nanoparticles enhances the heat transfer rate by up to 21.7 % compared to the nanofluid and 46.06 % to the viscous fluid.</div><div>Additionally, variable viscosity significantly modulates flow velocity, while variable thermal conductivity sharply constrains thermal diffusion. Velocity and temperature contour plots, accompanied by the tabulated skin friction and Nusselt number, provide a detailed overview of parameter effects. The novelty of this work lies in the absorption of blood-based Casson hybrid nanofluid with variable thermophysical properties, enabling a more realistic model for biomedical heat transfer processes. This model holds promise for optimizing cooling techniques in therapeutic procedures and designing advanced drug delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed convective two phase flow of an electrically conducting micropolar nanofluid in a double lid-driven square cavity","authors":"Vasileios C. Loukopoulos ,&nbsp;Georgios C. Bourantas ,&nbsp;Vasileios P. Georgopoulos ,&nbsp;Vasilis N. Burganos","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the non-stationary, incompressible, laminar mixed-convection flow in a double lid-driven square enclosure filled with an electrically conducting micropolar nanofluid under the influence of an external magnetic field. The aim is to enhance understanding of heat and mass transport phenomena in nanofluids by examining the impact of key flow parameters – including the Grashof, Hartmann, Reynolds, and Prandtl numbers, as well as the micropolar material parameter, lid-motion parameter, Brownian motion, buoyancy ratio, and thermophoresis – on heat and mass transfer characteristics, expressed through local and average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, streamlines, isotherms, microrotation, and concentration contours. The nanofluid is modeled as a two-phase mixture following a modified form of Buongiorno’s framework, which incorporates nanoparticle redistribution via an advection–diffusion concentration equation coupled with the Navier–Stokes equations. The governing system is solved numerically using a meshless point collocation method (MPCM), where spatial derivatives are computed through the Discretization-Corrected Particle Strength Exchange (DC PSE) technique, and transient terms are approximated using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) scheme. This work is the first to couple Buongiorno’s two-phase nanofluid model with micropolar effects and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) forces in a double lid-driven cavity. The results demonstrate that buoyancy enhancement (higher Gr) strengthens convection, whereas magnetic damping (higher Ha) suppresses it by flattening streamlines and thickening thermal layers. Tilting the magnetic field toward the vertical direction restores circulation and enhances heat transfer. Increasing the micropolar coupling parameter (K) augments microrotation and improves both heat and mass transport, partially counteracting magnetic damping. The lid-motion parameter (<span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span>) governs flow symmetry: co-directional motion enhances, while counter-motion weakens convection, whereas higher nanoparticle concentration (<span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span>) further boosts thermal performance due to increased effective conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced heat transport in magneto-nanofluidic thermal systems: adiabatic block effects in grooved channels and ANN modeling","authors":"Dipak Kumar Mandal ,&nbsp;Nirmal K. Manna ,&nbsp;Nirmalendu Biswas ,&nbsp;Tansu Rudra ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Ali Cemal Benim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates heat transfer enhancement in magneto-nanofluidic systems through the strategic placement of adiabatic blocks in grooved channels. Using CuO<img>H₂O nanofluid in a bottom-heated channel with circular expansion, we examine the complex interactions between forced convection, magnetic fields, and buoyancy effects. Through systematic numerical analysis, we explore the combined influences of Rayleigh, Reynolds, and Hartmann numbers on thermal performance. Our findings reveal significant heat transfer enhancement (up to 137 %) under optimal conditions, particularly with vertical magnetic field orientation at <em>Re</em> = 100 and Ha = 30. The results demonstrate how adiabatic blocks modify flow structures, with larger blocks diminishing vortex intensity while elevated Ra generates secondary vortices that interact with primary circulations. Magnetic field effects show notable dependence on orientation, with vertical fields generally promoting better heat transfer than horizontal configurations. To complement the numerical analysis, we develop a predictive model using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Nusselt numbers across various operating conditions, achieving over 99 % accuracy. The integrated computational-ANN approach offers significant advancements in optimizing thermal systems in various areas, ranging from electronics cooling to microfluidic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of experimental research on drying Occimum basilicum","authors":"Sh.A. Sultanova ,&nbsp;J.E. Safarov ,&nbsp;A.A. Mambetsheripova ,&nbsp;M.M. Pulatov ,&nbsp;A.B. Usenov ,&nbsp;B.M. Jumaev ,&nbsp;Gunel Imanova","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this paper is to summarize the results obtained experimentally by determining the characteristic drying curve based on the tests performed. The method adopted is to study the variation of the standardized drying rate f as a function of the reduced water content W. This leads to the convergence of the different values obtained around one average curve, which is the characteristic drying curve. The equation expressing the drying kinetics of the product is written as follows: <em>f*=f(W)</em>. The dimensionless water content <em>(-dW/dt)</em> represents the continuity of relative humidity fluctuations during drying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}