International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and numerical studies on thermal behavior and performance assessment of Al2O3/H2O nanofluids in microchannels for cooling solutions","authors":"An-Shik Yang ,&nbsp;Yen-Ren Liao ,&nbsp;Zhengtong Li ,&nbsp;Chih-Yung Wen ,&nbsp;Yee-Ting Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofluids in microchannels have been a promising possibility for electronic cooling uses due to high heat removal rates and reduced energy consumption. This study conducts the experimental measurements to analyze the combined effects of concentration of nanoparticles and geometrical design in terms of the aspect ratio (AR) and hydraulic diameter (<em>D_h</em>) on the thermal and frictional outcomes of Al₂O₃/water nanofluids throughout the microchannels at varied Reynolds numbers and heat loads. Theoretically, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed using the three-dimensional (3D) single-phase and mixture models to determine the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions. The predicted heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops using the mixture model agree well with the experimental data for model validation. In the impact study, an increase in AR from 2.0 to 5.0 can increase the average pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient by 28.2 %-41.5 % and 23.9 %-38.3 % over the Reynolds numbers of 300–1900, respectively. In contrast, the decline of <em>D_h</em> from 1.38 mm to 0.92 mm can intensify flow resistance and heat transfer by 24.4 %-35.5 % and 21.3 %-36.6 %. Among the assessments of four well-known correlations, the related correlation from Chen and Cheng achieves the most accurate estimates of the Nusselt number of Al₂O₃/water nanofluid. The microchannel layout with an aspect ratio of 5.0 can achieve the thermal performance factor up to 1.17.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of advances in thermoelectric generators: Novel materials and enhanced applications for sustainable transportation","authors":"Duc Tran Duy ,&nbsp;Vinh Nguyen Duy ,&nbsp;Nguyen Tien Tan ,&nbsp;Vu Minh Dien ,&nbsp;Pham Hoa Binh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy crisis and related environmental issues due to the increasing power demand are the primary concerns in today's evolving globe. Modern energy conversion systems need dependability and scalability to overcome obstacles. This manuscript systematically examines recent research on high-performance thermoelectric materials, including novel alloys, nanostructured composites, and flexible materials designed to enhance energy conversion efficiency and adaptability across diverse environments. The literature selection spans peer-reviewed articles, patents, and emerging studies, emphasizing innovations in material properties, manufacturing methods, and design adaptations for transportation-specific challenges. In addition, this paper is organized to provide a dual perspective on both material innovation and practical integration in transportation systems, highlighting recent advancements in manufacturing processes and design. The unique structure of this review illuminates current limitations and prospective research pathways, offering insights for enhancing TEG performance and fostering sustainable, energy-efficient transportation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Velocity field and dynamics behavior of a boiling droplet during impact onto a molten phase change material","authors":"Mohammadreza Asadi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Behshad Shafii ,&nbsp;Amirreza Ghahremani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Droplet impact is a widely used method for creating direct heat transfer between two fluids. This method enhances heat transfer between the working fluid and the phase change material (PCM). Therefore, a thorough investigation is carried out on the impact of an acetone droplet on a molten paraffin's pool surface, which leads to the simultaneous boiling of the acetone droplet and solidifying part of the paraffin in contact with the acetone, thereby significantly accelerating the slow phase change rate of the PCM used in thermal energy storage (TES) systems across various industries. The dynamics of impact and crater's evolution have been reported with varying Weber numbers (74–375), and temperature of the molten PCM's pool surface (65–90 °C). Furthermore, the experimental data obtained for the crater depth is compared with theoretical equations. Six regimes have been observed by changing the Weber number and pool surface temperature. An increase in the Weber number or surface temperature leads to a larger crater and higher jet and crown. As a novelty, to gain a more physical insight into this intricate phenomenon, the velocity field resulting from the impact, perpendicular and parallel to the pool surface, is obtained using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) and high-speed imaging for the first time. Upon impact, maximum velocity is at the lowest point of the crater, equaling approximately 10 % of the impact velocity. Also, solidified paraffin area increases with an increase in the Weber number (up to <em>We</em> = 297) and a decrease in the surface temperature. Solidified area at this Weber number at <em>T</em> = 90 °C is 9.3 % of that at 65 °C. Finally, the acetone vapor is visualized using Z-type Schlieren imaging. Acetone evaporation rate is increased with Weber number increment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective heat transfer augmentation in a rectangular lid-driven enclosure with a circular hollow cylinder utilizing nanofluids","authors":"U.K. Suma ,&nbsp;M. Masum Billah ,&nbsp;Aminur Rahman Khan ,&nbsp;K.E. Hoque","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects in a rectangular lid-driven enclosure containing a circular hollow cylinder aims at the utilization of nanofluids markedly enhances heat transmission, leading to enhanced thermal performance and more efficient cooling approaches. The governing equations along with the boundary conditions of the problem have been transformed into a non-dimensional formulation. Finite element method based on Galarkin weighted residual has been employed to figure out the outcome of the non-dimensional and non-linear PDEs. The computational investigations of the flow and thermal field inside the enclosure have been performed by varying the governing and physical parameters, namely: Richardson number (0.1  ≤ <em>Ri</em> ≤ 10), Hartman number (0 ≤ <em>Ha</em> ≤ 100), cylinder diameter (0.09 ≤ <em>D</em> ≤ 0.20), solid volume fraction (0.001 ≤ δ ≤ 0.05)), inclination of magnetic field (0° ≤ ϕ ≤ 90°), and non-dimensional time (0.1 ≤ τ ≤ 1). The numerical investigation shows that the flow pattern, temperature distribution, average Nusselt number <em>(Nu_av)</em> at the heated surface, and average fluid temperature (θ_<em>av</em>) inside the enclosure are notably affected by the aforementioned parameters. In this study, six different water-based nanofluids containing different nanoparticles: Cu, Zn, ZnO, Al₂O₃, Fe₃O₄, and graphene have been considered. It was found that the graphene-water nanofluid demonstrated higher thermal efficiency than the other considered nanofluids. Computational results illustrate that the heat transfer rate increases by 41.66 % as the Richardson number increases from 0.1 to 10, indicating that the convective heat transfer mood is considerably improved. However, an increase in the Hartmann number from 0 to 100 leads to a 37.50 % reduction in average heat transfer within the cavity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive CFD approach of a thermal analysis of a braking discs system under different design conditions","authors":"F. Orlandi ,&nbsp;M. Coccetta ,&nbsp;S. Meleti ,&nbsp;M. Milani ,&nbsp;L. Montorsi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A braking system is a fundamental part of any vehicle and represents a very complex topic due to its highly coupled phenomena taking place at once during its functioning. Serving as an extension of a previous work from the same authors, this paper extends the approach applied to a single braking discs coupled to a complete braking system. With means of a wall relative velocity approach coupled with a thermal energy dissipation cycle the braking event is modelled in a multiphase air/oil system. Two different lubricating oil inlets, vertical and horizontal, were investigated on the cooling efficiency of the system. The investigation was carried over the same operating conditions defined by the main operating parameters, defining the braking cycle and the machine characteristics. The different configuration was found out to lead to a slight improving in efficiency for the horizontal configuration seemingly linked to the different oil accumulation into the discs’ chamber due to the different ability of the system within the cooling oil circulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational analysis of EMHD nanofluid flow over a thermally conductive surface: Enhancing heat transfer for industrial applications","authors":"Faiza Zahid ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilal Riaz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study endeavors to delve into the intricate interplay between Arrhenius activation energy and variable thermal conductivity within the context of electromagnetohydrodynamic fluid dynamics across an elongated sheet that radiates irregularly situated within a permeable material. The principal concern is to elucidate the nuanced effects on fluid motion of varying EMHD, particularly emphasizing synergistic influence of electric and magnetic fields, which can engender potent Lorentz forces with promising implications for industrial applications. The investigation holds particular relevance for sectors such as industrial, petroleum and gas, and chemical production, where amalgamation of electric and magnetic fields can yield advantageous outcomes. The problem under scrutiny yields a non-similar solution necessitating the transformation of governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations by the use of similarity variables. The complex capabilities of MATLAB, the programming <em>bvp4c</em> are used to get the numerical approximation. Through comprehensive graphical analyses, the study elucidates the influence of diverse parameters on microorganisms, velocity, concentration, and temperature profiles. The skin friction coefficient increments for surged values of permeability (Kp) and magnetic parameters (M). Increments in Brownian motion cause the local Sherwood number to dwindle. With an increase in the Peclet number, the density of motile microorganisms is decreasing. Furthermore, the current findings demonstrate commendable agreement with existing literature in specific instances, thereby validating the robustness of the approach and enhancing its credibility within the scientific community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100987"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel Bessel–Newton algorithm for the simulation of 2D laminar flow between two moving porous walls problem","authors":"Atallah El-shenawy ,&nbsp;Mohamed El-Gamel ,&nbsp;Muhammad E. Anany","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the two-dimensional laminar flow of fluid between two moving porous walls, a key problem in fluid mechanics with implications in filtration, chemical engineering, and biomedical devices. The difficulty resides in precisely and effectively solving the governing nonlinear differential equations that characterize such flows. We propose a unique Bessel–Newton algorithm that utilizes the Bessel operational matrices collocation method for discretizing the equations and employs a Newton iterative strategy to resolve the resulting nonlinear system. This integrated approach guarantees swift convergence and superior computing efficiency. The principal findings indicate that the suggested method attains enhanced accuracy, with errors diminished by multiple orders of magnitude relative to current numerical techniques, across various flow parameters including Reynolds number and wall dilation rate. The convergence study and error bounds confirm the method’s resilience. The study indicates that the Bessel–Newton algorithm is a robust and dependable tool for modeling fluid flow in porous media, surpassing existing methods in both accuracy and efficiency. This study is novel due to its application of Bessel functions to address intricate boundary conditions and its capacity to attain high accuracy with reduced computer resources, hence advancing numerical approaches in fluid mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving efficiency and product quality by optimizing methanol purification in biodiesel plant: Addressing abnormalities in distillation column performance","authors":"Anggara Dwita Burmana ,&nbsp;Yacine Benguerba ,&nbsp;Filicia Wicaksana ,&nbsp;Vikram Alexander ,&nbsp;Silvia Nova ,&nbsp;Taslim Taslim ,&nbsp;Iriany Iriany","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distillation column plays a critical role in purifying the water–methanol mixture, with methanol being reused as a reactant in biodiesel production. However, corrosion-induced disruptions in the distillation system can lead to liquid build-up on trays, excessive vapor accumulation at the top, and foaming, which are categorized as abnormal conditions. This study aims to discuss normal and abnormal conditions in the separation process of the water–methanol mixture using a distillation column in a biodiesel plant. The novelty of this research lies in analyzing the performance of methanol-water separation in a distillation column within a biodiesel plant using lauric acid, identifying the causes of performance failure, and providing practical insights to enhance process efficiency. Data were collected via the distributed control system, capturing flowrate, temperature, pressure, and composition under both normal and abnormal conditions, with an emphasis on the effects of corrosion and column performance. The results obtained under abnormal conditions, the side-draw temperature rises to 85 °C (from 78 °C), and the distillate temperature drops to 63 °C (from 74 °C) due to excessive foaming. Methanol mass purity in the distillate decreases to 88 %, and side-draw purity falls to 61 %. The pressure difference also narrows to 0.2 bar (compared to 0.3 bar in normal conditions), and water purity at the bottom decreases to 85 %, well below the target of 99.7 %. Regular inspections of the distillation column are essential. Implementing advanced monitoring and control systems can further optimize distillation column performance and ensure the consistent quality of the final product.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic modelling of water–oxygen bubbly flow in horizontal pipes: Deviation analysis from experimental correlations and performance comparison with CFD","authors":"Montadhar Guesmi,&nbsp;Johannes Manthey,&nbsp;Richard Schab,&nbsp;Simon Unz,&nbsp;Michael Beckmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two correlations have been considered in the literature (Martin et al., 1971 and Kim et al., 2001) for the computation of heat transfer in liquid–gas bubbly flow in horizontal pipes. Motivated by the benefits of these two correlations, we investigate the horizontal two-phase bubbly flow in a double-pipe heat exchanger with inner diameter of <span><math><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>21</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></math></span> mm and length <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>16</mn><mi>⋅</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></math></span> using the mechanistic one-dimensional cell model. The results of the model have been compared with the correlations to assess the two approaches considered. Firstly, the first approach was assumed, whereby the properties of water–oxygen mixture can be considered as those of a single pseudo-fluid. This was achieved by appropriately averaging the thermodynamic properties of the two involved phases. Secondly, the second approach was considered, whereby the properties of the liquid phase were used directly. This was done after it was realized that it had not been commonly addressed in the literature. The results demonstrate that this approach yields satisfactory heat transfer coefficients in the case of small gas fractions (up to 6%). Secondly, a similar study utilizing the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method based on the discrete phase method (DPM) is conducted, which has not been addressed in previous works for the heat transfer investigation. The findings indicate that the CFD method successfully recovers a highly accurate heat transfer estimation, with a slight improvement in heat transfer (up to 5%) with increasing gas fraction. The mechanistic model, being numerically inexpensive compared to CFD, can predict heat transfer and pressure drop with good agreement, proving its competitiveness. The results presented here are useful for understanding and optimizing heat loss in the cooling circuit of PEM electrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of biomass ash generated from combined heat and power generation system as a multi-nutrient source for crops","authors":"Tirthankar Mohanty ,&nbsp;Subhaprada Dash ,&nbsp;Priyabrata Pattanaik ,&nbsp;Hara Prasada Tripathy ,&nbsp;J.M.L. Gulati ,&nbsp;Dilip Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;William Holderbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study on the development of a protocol to obtain plant nutrients from biomass ash was carried out in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, as part of the laboratory study. The study addresses the dual challenges of managing biomass from agricultural waste, fertility towards its use as plant health tonic vis-a-vis crop nutritional needs in an eco-friendly manner and also utilizing the heat evolved during the combined heat and power (CHP) generation system can also be utilized to produce bio-energy. Biomass ash, a valuable by-product of CHP systems, contains essential nutrients that can be repurposed to improve crop nutrition and soil health. The current gap lies in the need for systematic methods to convert this ash into compelling multi-nutrient compositions for agricultural use by developing a standardized process. The protocol includes the collection of crop residues like rice, maize and groundnut from the homogenous fields of respective crops at harvest as part of the initial study. The crop residue was mixed separately in a proper manner to obtain a consolidated composite sample for each crop. These samples were sun-dried for 72 h to remove the excess moisture as part of partial drying and then burned in earthen pots in open condition to obtain ash sample and collected separately for each crop. From the stock sample, 8 g of ash sample was grounded to obtain fine ash powder by using a mortar and pestle for 60 min. A uniform ash mixture comprising of rice, maize and groundnut was obtained through repeated steps by mixing 2 g of the grounded ash taken from 8 g stock of each crop and mixed layer-wise. This crop residue mixture was then subjected to calcination at different temperature ranging from 450 °C with an incremental increase of 100 °C up to 750 °C for 4 h using a muffle furnace and a crop residue based mixture was obtained having a multi-nutrient composition. The study revealed that the mixture of the three crop residues in 1:1:1 ratio produced more number of nutrients in noticeable concentration at calcination temperature of 550 °C. The study further provides a scope to integrate this protocol towards obtaining a nutrient mixture from biomass ash generated from a combined heat and power generation system as an alternative to landfill use. Thus, by integrating this method into modern agricultural production systems, it is possible to obtain plant health tonic and reducing landfill waste and methane emissions from decomposing organic matter and enhance soil health and agricultural productivity sustainably. This research highlights the potential of leveraging biomass ash generated from biomass combined heat and power (CHP) generation systems in an eco-friendly manner for sustainable farming systems, including self-power generation for agriculture mills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}