Claudia Czado , Karoline Bax , Özge Sahin , Thomas Nagler , Aleksey Min , Sandra Paterlini
{"title":"Vine copula based dependence modeling in sustainable finance","authors":"Claudia Czado , Karoline Bax , Özge Sahin , Thomas Nagler , Aleksey Min , Sandra Paterlini","doi":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfds.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change and sustainability have become societal focal points in the last decade. Consequently, companies have been increasingly characterized by non-financial information, such as environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores, based on which companies can be grouped into ESG classes. While many scholars have questioned the relationship between financial performance and risks of assets belonging to different ESG classes, the question about dependence among ESG classes is still open. Here, we focus on understanding the dependence structures of different ESG class indices and the market index through the lens of copula models. After a thorough introduction to vine copula models, we explain how cross-sectional and temporal dependencies can be captured by models based on vine copulas, more specifically, using ARMA-GARCH and stationary vine copula models. Using real-world ESG data over a long period with different economic states, we find that assets with medium ESG scores tend to show weaker dependence to the market, while assets with extremely high or low ESG scores tend to show stronger, non-Gaussian dependence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance and Data Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 309-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918822000162/pdfft?md5=71b8f6c64ad7740fa01252911013727d&pid=1-s2.0-S2405918822000162-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92078386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Big data, accounting information, and valuation","authors":"Doron Nissim","doi":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfds.2022.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reviews research that uses big data and/or machine learning methods to provide insight relevant for equity valuation. Given the huge volume of research in this area, the review focuses on studies that either use or inform on accounting variables. The article concludes by providing recommendations for future research and practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance and Data Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 69-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918822000034/pdfft?md5=d32ff8148bc846b24dd020fdab566812&pid=1-s2.0-S2405918822000034-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136838423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forecasting earnings and returns: A review of recent advancements","authors":"Jeremiah Green , Wanjia Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfds.2022.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We selectively review recent advancements in research on predictive models of earnings and returns. We discuss why applying statistical, econometric, and machine learning advancements to forecasting earnings and returns presents difficult challenges. In the context of these challenges, we discuss recent papers that confront the challenges and present promising advancements and paths for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance and Data Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 120-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918822000046/pdfft?md5=dcf5751ffa50be857ae9e9abd388099e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405918822000046-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92105794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Credit scoring methods: Latest trends and points to consider","authors":"Anton Markov, Zinaida Seleznyova, Victor Lapshin","doi":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfds.2022.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Credit risk is the most significant risk by impact for any bank and financial institution. Accurate credit risk assessment affects an organisation's balance sheet and income statement, since credit risk strategy determines pricing, and might even influence seemingly unrelated domains, e.g. marketing, and decision-making. This article aims at providing a systemic review of the most recent (2016–2021) articles, identifying trends in credit scoring using a fixed set of questions. The survey methodology and questionnaire align with previous similar research that analyses articles on credit scoring published in 1991–2015. We seek to compare our results with previous periods and highlight some of the recent best practices in the field that might be useful for future researchers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance and Data Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 180-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918822000095/pdfft?md5=9646c0505b4cabfae40e4064e390e4bc&pid=1-s2.0-S2405918822000095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92057699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trading the FX volatility risk premium with machine learning and alternative data","authors":"Thomas Dierckx , Jesse Davis , Wim Schoutens","doi":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfds.2022.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we show how both machine learning and alternative data can be successfully leveraged to improve and develop trading strategies. Starting from a trading strategy that harvests the EUR/USD volatility risk premium by selling one-week straddles every weekday, we present a machine learning approach to more skillfully time new trades and thus prevent unfavorable ones. To this end, we build probability-calibrated Random Forests on various predictors, extracted from both traditional market data and financial news, to predict the closing Sharpe ratio of short one-week delta-hedged straddles. We then demonstrate how the output of these calibrated machine learning models can be used to engineer intuitive new trading strategies. Ultimately, we show that our proposed strategies outperform the original strategy on risk-based performance measures. Moreover, the features that we derived from financial news articles significantly improve the performance of the approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance and Data Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 162-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918822000083/pdfft?md5=b58dced6034ed9a3c7acc83ec4f3a4fd&pid=1-s2.0-S2405918822000083-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92057697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring tail risks","authors":"Kan Chen , Tuoyuan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) are common high quantile-based risk measures adopted in financial regulations and risk management. In this paper, we propose a tail risk measure based on the most probable maximum size of risk events (MPMR) that can occur over a length of time. MPMR underscores the dependence of the tail risk on the risk management time frame. Unlike VaR and ES, MPMR does not require specifying a confidence level. We derive the risk measure analytically for several well-known distributions. In particular, for the case where the size of the risk event follows a power law or Pareto distribution, we show that MPMR also scales with the number of observations <em>n</em> (or equivalently the length of the time interval) by a power law, MPMR(<em>n</em>) ∝ <em>n</em><sup><em>η</em></sup>, where <em>η</em> is the scaling exponent (SE). The scale invariance allows for reasonable estimations of long-term risks based on the extrapolation of more reliable estimations of short-term risks. The scaling relationship also gives rise to a robust and low-bias estimator of the tail index (TI) <em>ξ</em> of the size distribution, <em>ξ</em> = 1/<em>η</em>. We demonstrate the use of this risk measure for describing the tail risks in financial markets as well as the risks associated with natural hazards (earthquakes, tsunamis, and excessive rainfall).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance and Data Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 296-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918822000149/pdfft?md5=22762ee9804242ec67f2a03b85dba7c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2405918822000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80981564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A causal approach to test empirical capital structure regularities","authors":"Simone Cenci , Stephen Kealhofer","doi":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfds.2022.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Capital structure theories are often formulated as causal narratives to explain which factors drive financing choices. These narratives are usually examined by estimating cross–sectional relations between leverage and its determinants. However, the limitations of causal inference from observational data are often overlooked. To address this issue, we use structural causal modeling to identify how classic determinants of leverage are causally linked to capital structure and how this causal structure influences the effect-estimation process. The results provide support for the causal role of variables that measure the potential for information asymmetry concerning firms’ market values. Overall, our work provide a crucial step to connect capital structure theories with their empirical tests beyond simple correlations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance and Data Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 214-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918822000125/pdfft?md5=6e2a9c2d5c0693015b4e5612c8b4914d&pid=1-s2.0-S2405918822000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92138689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Term structure of interest rates with short-run and long-run risks","authors":"Olesya V. Grishchenko , Zhaogang Song , Hao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfds.2022.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We find that interest rate variance risk premium (IRVRP) — the difference between implied and realized variances of interest rates — is a strong predictor of U.S. Treasury bond returns of maturities ranging between one and ten years for return horizons up to six months. IRVRP is not subsumed by other predictors such as forward rate spread or equity variance risk premium. These results are robust in a number of dimensions. We rationalize our findings within a consumption-based model with long-run risk, economic uncertainty, and inflation non-neutrality. In the model IRVRP is related to short-run risk only, while standard forward-rate-based factors are associated with both short-run and long-run risks in the economy. Our model qualitatively replicates the predictability pattern of IRVRP for bond returns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance and Data Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 255-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918822000113/pdfft?md5=4c7fa4b913e0800959a06b47e66ade65&pid=1-s2.0-S2405918822000113-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92105790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine learning for cryptocurrency market prediction and trading","authors":"Patrick Jaquart, Sven Köpke, Christof Weinhardt","doi":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfds.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We employ and analyze various machine learning models for daily cryptocurrency market prediction and trading. We train the models to predict binary relative daily market movements of the 100 largest cryptocurrencies. Our results show that all employed models make statistically viable predictions, whereby the average accuracy values calculated on all cryptocurrencies range from 52.9% to 54.1%. These accuracy values increase to a range from 57.5% to 59.5% when calculated on the subset of predictions with the 10% highest model confidences per class and day. We find that a long-short portfolio strategy based on the predictions of the employed LSTM and GRU ensemble models yields an annualized out-of-sample Sharpe ratio after transaction costs of 3.23 and 3.12, respectively. In comparison, the buy-and-hold benchmark market portfolio strategy only yields a Sharpe ratio of 1.33. These results indicate a challenge to weak form cryptocurrency market efficiency, albeit the influence of certain limits to arbitrage cannot be entirely ruled out.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance and Data Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 331-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918822000174/pdfft?md5=cf49eff9de16cb4b7a287b73a7b86b12&pid=1-s2.0-S2405918822000174-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92078387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new measure of corporate bond liquidity using survival analysis","authors":"Kaihua Cai , Peter Yesley","doi":"10.1016/j.jfds.2022.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfds.2022.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We define liquidity for corporate bonds as the expected waiting time to reduce a risk position. Our methodology addresses the fact that many bonds are liquidated quickly despite having few trades in the recent past. Building on research from the housing market, we apply survival analysis to bond holding times. We generalize across bond properties and market conditions to arrive at a liquidity measure for all corporate bonds, independent of how often they trade and whatever transaction costs they incur.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance and Data Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 105-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918822000058/pdfft?md5=e130b3985440bfd3c741593b81f86abf&pid=1-s2.0-S2405918822000058-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92138688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}