BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health最新文献

{"title":"Physical performance and body composition reference values for modern US Marine Corps women","authors":"Adam W Potter, David P Looney, William J Tharion, Lyndsey J Nindl, Angie Pazmino, Lara D Soto, Danielle M Arcidiacono, Karl E Friedl","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000757","url":null,"abstract":"Women’s roles in the US military have progressively changed over the past several decades. Previously women were barred from combat roles. Recent change in policy allow women into combat roles in the Marine Corps, and this has led to women being trained for combat specialties. Objectives This observational cross-sectional study describes body composition and performance values for modern Marine Corps women. Methods Volunteers were 736 Marine women who were assessed for body composition and physical performance; (age 29.5±7.3 (18–56) years; height 163.6±6.8 (131.0–186.1) cm; body mass 68.3±9.2 (42.0–105.3) kg; years in the military 8.9±6.8 (0.5–37) years-in-service). Body composition measures were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyses. Performance measures were obtained from official physical and combat fitness test scores (PFT; CFT) as well as from data on measured countermovement jumps (CMJ) on a calibrated force platform. Results Mean body composition metrics for Marine women were: 47.5±5.7 fat free mass (FFM) (kg), 30.1%±6.4% body fat (%BF), 2.6±0.3 bone mineral content (kg), and 25.5±2.8 body mass index (kg/m 2 ); performance metrics included 43.4±3.2 maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; mL.kg.min), 22.4±7.1 CMJ height (cm) and 2575±565.2 CMJ peak power (W). Data showed strong correlations (r) (≥0.70) between PFT and VO2max scores (0.75), and moderate correlations (≥0.50) between CFT and VO2max scores (0.57), CFT and PFT scores (0.60), FFM and CMJ peak power (W) (0.68), and %BF to VO2max (−0.52), PFT (−0.54), CMJ-Ht (−0.52) and CMJ relative power (W/kg) (−0.54). Conclusion Modern Marine women are both lean and physically high performing. Body composition is a poor predictor of general physical performance.","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"180 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based diets and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: the Million Veteran Program","authors":"Yanping Li, Dong D Wang, Xuan-Mai T Nguyen, Rebecca J Song, Yuk-Lam Ho, Frank B Hu, Walter C Willett, Peter W F Wilson, Kelly Cho, John Michael Gaziano, Luc Djousse","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000401","url":null,"abstract":"Background A healthful plant-based diet was associated with lower risks of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, and a favourable profile of adiposity-associated biomarkers, while an unhealthful plant-based diet was associated with elevated risk of cardiometabolic disease in health professional populations. However, little is known about the associations between plant-based dietary patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in US veterans. Methods The study population consisted of 148 506 participants who were free of diabetes, CVD and cancer at baseline in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Million Veteran Program. Diet was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline. We calculated an overall Plant-Based Diet Index (PDI), a healthful PDI (hPDI) and an unhealthful PDI (uPDI). The CVD endpoints included non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) identified through high-throughput phenotyping algorithms approach and fatal CVD events identified by searching the National Death Index. Results With up to 8 years of follow-up, we documented 5025 CVD cases. After adjustment for confounding factors, a higher PDI was significantly associated with a lower risk of CVD (HR comparing extreme quintiles=0.75, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.82, P trend <0.0001). We observed an inverse association between hPDI and the risk of CVD (HR comparing extreme quintiles=0.71, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.78, P trend <0.001), whereas uPDI was positively associated with the risk of CVD (HR comparing extreme quintiles=1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.24, P trend <0.001). We found similar associations of hPDI with subtypes of CVD; a 10-unit increment in hPDI was associated with HRs (95% CI) of 0.81 (0.75 to 0.87) for fatal CVD, 0.86 (0.79 to 0.94) for non-fatal MI and 0.86 (0.78 to 0.95) for non-fatal AIS. Conclusions Plant-based dietary pattern enriched with healthier plant foods was associated with a substantially lower CVD risk in US veterans.","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency","authors":"Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000804","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"148 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embracing systems biology: a paradigm shift in modern medicine for identifying and treating nutritional deficiencies","authors":"Ramona M Wallace","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000787","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of malnutrition on outcomes of hospitalisations for acute pulmonary embolism: a national inpatient database study","authors":"Si Li, Ka U Lio, Truong-An Ho, Yichen Wang, Parth Rali","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000705","url":null,"abstract":"Background To evaluate the occurrence of malnutrition in pulmonary embolism (PE)-related hospitalisations and assess the impact of malnutrition on the outcomes of patients with PE. Methods A retrospective observational study using data extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2018. Hospitalisations with a principal diagnosis of PE were obtained using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes and divided into groups based on a secondary diagnosis of malnutrition. Results Of 563 135 PE hospitalisations, 30 495 (5.4%) had malnutrition. PE patients with malnutrition were older (mean age±SD, 69.1±14.5 vs 62.3±16.6, p<0.001) and with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score (3 to 5, 24.8% vs 12.9%, p<0.001). Concurrent malnutrition was associated with higher adjusted OR (aOR) of in-hospital mortality (aOR 2.43, 95% CI 2.18 to 2.70, p<0.001), acute kidney injury (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.67, p<0.001), sepsis (aOR 4.37, 95% CI 3.79 to 5.03, p<0.001), shock (aOR 2.52, 95% CI 2.25 to 2.81, p<0.001), acidosis (aOR 2.55, 95% CI 2.34 to 2.77, p<0.001) and mechanical ventilation (aOR 2.95, 95% CI 2.61 to 3.33, p<0.001). Patients with PE and malnutrition had an increased mean length of stay (adjusted difference 3.39 days, 95% CI 3.14 to 3.65, p<0.001), hospital charges (adjusted difference US$34 802.11, 95% CI US$31 005.01 to US$38 599.22, p<0.001) and costs (adjusted difference US$8 332.01, 95% CI US$7489.09 to US$9174.94, p<0.001). Conclusion Concurrent PE and malnutrition were associated with worse outcomes. The study highlights the importance of identifying malnutrition in patients with PE to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare utilisation.","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136033813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum lifestyle behaviour among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus: evidence from the HUNT study","authors":"Hanne Ringvoll, Marit Kolberg, Vegar Rangul, Ingrid Hafskjold, Eirin Beate Haug, Rune Blomhoff, Hege Berg Henriksen, Julie Horn","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000612","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recommendations for postpartum follow-up include targeted lifestyle advice to lower the risk. The aim of this study was to compare postpartum lifestyle behaviours and perceptions among women with and without a history of GDM. In addition, we examined whether lifestyle behaviours of women with a history of GDM participating in a lifestyle intervention study differed from lifestyle behaviours of women with a history of GDM in the general population. Research design and methods We linked data from the fourth survey of the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4) to information from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway for women with registered births between 2000 and 2019. Using logistic regression, we compared lifestyle behaviours in women with and without GDM. In secondary analyses, lifestyle behaviours in women with GDM participating in a postpartum lifestyle intervention study were compared with HUNT participants with GDM using Fisher’s exact tests/t-tests. Results A high proportion of the women in our population, regardless of GDM history, reported several unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. We found no significant association between history of GDM and lifestyle behaviours. The lifestyle intervention study for women with a history of GDM appeared to recruit women with more favourable lifestyle behaviours. Conclusions Women, regardless of GDM history, could potentially benefit from further support for lifestyle improvement, but it may be especially important in women with a history of GDM given their increased risk of T2DM and CVD. Interventions targeting women with GDM might not reach the women with the unhealthiest lifestyle behaviours, and measures to reach out to all women should be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136098453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based diet and COVID-19 severity: results from a cross-sectional study","authors":"Samira Soltanieh, Marieh Salavatizadeh, Tooba Ghazanfari, Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi, Zahra Yari, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Maryam Nazemipour, Jalil Arab Kheradmand, Sussan K Ardestani, Sara Karimi, Azita Hekmatdoost","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000688","url":null,"abstract":"Although previous findings have shown the beneficial role of healthy eating pattern on the human immune system, the association between plant-based diet and COVID-19 severity has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to determine the possible role of plant-based diet index (PDI) in COVID-19 severity. This cross-sectional, multicentral study was conducted on 141 patients with confirmed COVID-19. Dietary intakes of the patients were evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Then, PDI was compared between patients who needed to be hospitalised (considered severe cases), and those who got treatment at home (considered non-severe cases). After adjustment for confounders including age, sex, energy intake and body mass index, lower odds of hospitalisation were found for participants having a greater score of overall PDI (OR per 10 units increase: 0.42; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.80) and healthy PDI (OR per 10 unit increase: 0.45; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.78). In conclusion, our data presented that there is a relation between PDI and lower risk of hospitalisation in COVID-19 patients, possibly through boosting the immune function.","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of care group participation on infant and young child feeding, dietary diversity, WASH behaviours and nutrition outcomes in rural Zimbabwe","authors":"Tonderayi Mathew Matsungo, Faith Kamazizwa, Tafadzwa Mavhudzi, Starlet Makota, Blessing Kamunda, Calvin Matsinde, Dexter Chagwena, Kudzai Mukudoka, Prosper Chopera","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000627","url":null,"abstract":"Background The care group approach (CGA) is a community-based nutrition behaviour change strategy centred on ‘peer-to-peer learning’ through women support groups. Objective To assess the impact of the CGA on the adoption of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF), dietary diversity and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices, and associated nutrition-related outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort study used a mixed-method approach in selected rural districts in Zimbabwe in June 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on IYCF, diet quality, WASH and child morbidity. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between exposure and outcome. Significance was at p<0.05. Results A total of 127 exposed and 234 controls were enrolled. There was no significant difference between exposed and controls on the prevalence of; diarrhoea (p = 0.659), cough (p=0.191) and fever (p=0.916). No significant difference was observed in the proportion ever breastfed (p=0.609), Children with Adequate Dietary Diversity Score (p=0.606) across the two groups. However, the proportion of families with adequate Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) (p=0.005) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) (p=0.009) were significantly higher in exposed than controls. Knowledge on all promoted behaviours was significantly higher in the exposed than in controls with the exception of exclusive breast feeding. While the practices were significantly higher in exposed compared with controls for: ‘Appropriate complementary feeding for children aged 6–24 months’ (p=0.001), ‘good nutrition for women of reproductive age’ (p=0.001), ‘production and consumption of diverse nutritious food’ (p=0.001) and ‘production and consumption of biofortified crops’ (p=0.001). Conclusions The results showed that CGA potential to increase knowledge and achieve nutrition and health-related behaviour change in low-income settings if integrated into existing community programmes. Interestingly, HDDS and MDD-W were significantly higher in exposed than controls. However, more research is required to obtain conclusive results.","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurable and immeasurable spread of knowledge for research impact: a reflection on the validated NutComp tool","authors":"Lauren Ball, Breanna Lepre, Clare Van Dorssen","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000723","url":null,"abstract":"Background Contemporary research now includes effort to generate impact beyond the creation of new knowledge. Methods This report provides an illustrative case study of tactful research planning and dissemination for impact and provides an emerging pathway for others to holistically track reach, spread and uptake, to create a nuanced impact narrative. Results Nutrition Competence Tool (NutComp) is a validated tool that assesses the self-perceived competence of health professionals in providing nutrition care. Since open-access publication in 2015, it has been used by researchers and health professionals in 28 countries across 6 continents. The reach, spread, uptake and impact of NutComp are summarised, including indicators to support impact tracking for knowledge. Conclusion Given the complex phenomenon of research impact, careful planning is required to capture and attribute research impact.","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of vitamin D₃ supplementation in older adults with vitamin D deficiency in Ireland.","authors":"Laurence Francis Lacey,&nbsp;David J Armstrong,&nbsp;Emily Royle,&nbsp;Pamela Magee,&nbsp;L Kirsty Pourshahidi,&nbsp;Sumantra Ray,&nbsp;J J Strain,&nbsp;Emeir McSorley","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of vitamin D₃ supplementation in older adults in Ireland, with year-round vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <30 nmol/L) (13% of Irish adults), from the perspective of the Health Service Executive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three age groups were investigated: (1) ≥50 years, (2) ≥60 years and (3) ≥70 years. Based on the clinical literature, vitamin D₃ supplementation may: (1) decrease all-cause mortality by 7% and (2) reduce hip fractures by 16% and non-hip fractures by 20%. A discount rate of 4% was applied to life years and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and healthcare costs. The annual healthcare costs per patient used in the model are based on the average annual health resource use over the 5-year time horizon of the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cost/QALY estimates in all three age groups are below the usually acceptable cost-effectiveness threshold of €20 000/QALY. The most cost-effective and least costly intervention was in adults ≥70 years. For this age group, the average annual costs and outcomes would be approximately €5.6 million, 1044 QALYs gained, with a cost/QALY of approximately €5400. The results are most sensitive to the mortality risk reduction following vitamin D₃ supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cost-effectiveness of vitamin D₃ supplementation is most robust in adults ≥70 years. Clinical uncertainty in the magnitude of the benefits of vitamin D₃ supplementation could be further addressed by means of: (1) performing a clinical research study or (2) conducting a pilot/regional study, prior to reaching a decision to invest in a nationwide programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"98-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/bc/bmjnph-2021-000382.PMC9237877.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}