BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health最新文献

{"title":"Three-year review of a capacity building pilot for a sustainable regional network on food, nutrition and health systems education in India.","authors":"Luke Buckner,&nbsp;Harrison Carter,&nbsp;Anand Ahankari,&nbsp;Rinku Banerjee,&nbsp;Somnath Bhar,&nbsp;Shivani Bhat,&nbsp;Yagnaseni Bhattacharya,&nbsp;Debashis Chakraborty,&nbsp;Pauline Douglas,&nbsp;Laura Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Sudeshna Maitra-Nag,&nbsp;Sagarika Muhkerjee,&nbsp;Sabyasachi Ray,&nbsp;Ananya Roy,&nbsp;Aparjita Saha,&nbsp;Marietta Sayegh,&nbsp;Minha Rajput-Ray,&nbsp;Ianthi Tsimpli,&nbsp;Sumantra Ray","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Kolkata (India), there are high rates of malnourished children (45.9%) under the age of three, impacting growth, organ development, function, and cognition. Mothers have a major role to play during this crucial development stage, with research showing nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of mothers are important determinants of childhood malnutrition.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To document 3 years of capacity building towards a sustainable nutrition education network in Kolkata, India, while assessing the ability to perform data collection in the form of needs assessments, impact assessments and capacity reviews.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive review and analysis of engagement and impact from 3 years of work by the NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, initiating locally led nutrition education interventions. Mapping to the Indian National Nutrition Strategy was also performed to review adherence to nationwide priorities surrounding nutrition and determine the wider application potential of the network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two simultaneous projects were taken forward by a team of local healthcare professionals and student champions. Project 1-medical college workshops for medical student nutrition education with added focus on underserved populations, Project 2-preparation for a 'Mobile Teaching Kitchen' (MTK) in marginalised communities to empower local women as nutrition educators.Data collection methods used for analysing markers of impact and sustainability were semi-structured interviews of the community members, and KAP questionnaires to assess response to educational sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With local support it is possible to create and sustain fieldwork for an extended period with meaningful outputs and impact. This initiative demonstrates that it is possible to use healthcare professionals, students and volunteers with low-intensity training and a low-cost approach to produce action research with considerable impact and results in rapid, reliable and robust manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible causalities between malnutrition and academic performances among primary schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in rural Madagascar.","authors":"Hirotsugu Aiga,&nbsp;Kanae Abe,&nbsp;Emmanuel Randriamampionona,&nbsp;Angèle Razafitompo Razafinombana","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The importance of addressing malnutrition is increasing in the context of children's health and their academic performances. Childhood malnutrition further could reduce a country's economic productivity. No earlier study adequately estimated the causalities between schoolchildren's malnutrition and their academic performances. How nutritional status contributes to children's academic performances has never been reported from Madagascar. This study aims to estimate the possible causalities between their nutritional status and academic performances in rural Madagascar.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Antananarivo-Avaradrano district, Madagascar, from November to December 2017, by targeting 404 first and second graders 5-14 years of age enrolled in 10 public primary schools. Children's anthropometric measurements and structured interviews with their mothers/caregivers were conducted. Children's academic performances data (mathematical and national language proficiencies) were collected at each school. To estimate associations between their malnutrition and academic performances, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. To estimate their possible causalities between them, three conditions were examined (crude covariational relationship, covariational relationship through controlling for a third variable and temporal precedence).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four independent variables produced significantly positive coefficients with mathematical proficiency in multivariate analysis. Of the four, '<i>not being stunted</i>' and '<i>attendance rate</i>' were estimated to be possible causes of higher mathematical proficiency because they satisfied all the three conditions for a causality. On the other hand, three independent variables produced significantly positive coefficients with national language proficiency in multivariate analysis. Yet, none of them were estimated to be possible causes of higher national language proficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A hypothetical causal path indicates that '<i>not being stunted</i>' is likely to have caused higher '<i>attendance rate</i>' and thereby higher '<i>mathematical proficiency</i>' in a two-step manner. This study is the first attempt to estimate the possible causalities between schoolchildren's nutritional status and their academic performances in Madagascar.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"18-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-specific association between carbohydrate consumption and blood pressure in Chinese adults.","authors":"Ruru Liu,&nbsp;Baibing Mi,&nbsp;Yaling Zhao,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Shaonong Dang,&nbsp;Hong Yan","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between dietary carbohydrate consumption and blood pressure (BP) is controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible gender-specific association of carbohydrate across the whole BP distribution.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cross-sectional survey including 2241 rural adults was conducted in northwestern China in 2010. BP was measured by trained medical personnel. Dietary information was collected by semiquantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire. Multivariate quantile regression model was used to estimate the association between total carbohydrates consumption and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at different quantiles. Gender-specific β coefficient and its 95% CI was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average carbohydrate intake was 267.4 (SD 112.0) g/day in males and 204.9 (SD 90.7) g/day in females, with only 10.6% of males and 6.5% females consumed at least 65% of total energy from carbohydrates. And more than 80% carbohydrates were derived from refined grains. In females, increased total carbohydrates intake was associated with adverse SBP and DBP. An additional 50 g carbohydrates per day was positively associated with SBP at low and high quantiles (10th-20th and 60th-80th) and with DBP almost across whole distribution (30th-90th), after adjusting for age, fortune index, family history of hypertension, body mass index, physical activity level, alcohol intake and smoke, energy, two nutrient principal components, protein and sodium intake. Both relatively low and high carbohydrate intake were associated with increased SBP, with minimum level observed at 130-150 g carbohydrate intake per day from restricted cubic splines. However, no significant associations were observed in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher total carbohydrates consumption might have an adverse impact on both SBP and DBP in Chinese females but not males. Additionally, the positive association varies across distribution of BP quantiles. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and clarify the causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"80-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making a difference in healthcare: community food provision during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Luke Buckner,&nbsp;James Bradfield,&nbsp;Sumantra Ray","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"348-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39222759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variants for personalised management of very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets.","authors":"Lucia Aronica,&nbsp;Jeff Volek,&nbsp;Angela Poff,&nbsp;Dominic P D'agostino","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, adequate-protein diet proven to be effective for the reversal of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and holding therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of other chronic diseases. Genetic and dynamic markers of KD response may help to identify individuals most likely to benefit from KD and point to individuals at higher risk for adverse health outcomes. Here, we provide a clinician-friendly review of state-of-the-art research on biomarkers of KD response for a variety of outcomes including weight loss, body composition and cognitive performance drawing data from both intervention trials and case reports of rare inborn errors of metabolism. We also present a selection of the most promising candidate genes to evaluate in future studies and discuss key aspects of study design and variant interpretation that may help accelerate the implementation of these biomarkers in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"363-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25317164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive determinants of child undernutrition: a multisectoral cross-sectional study in rural Mozambique.","authors":"Hirotsugu Aiga,&nbsp;Marika Nomura,&nbsp;José Paulo M Langa,&nbsp;Mussagy Mahomed,&nbsp;Rosa Marlene,&nbsp;Albertina Alage,&nbsp;Nilton Trindade,&nbsp;Dino Buene,&nbsp;Hiroshi Hiraoka,&nbsp;Shunichi Nakada,&nbsp;Edgar Arinde,&nbsp;José Varimelo,&nbsp;Américo Jeremias Chivale","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite an increasing need for multisectoral interventions and coordinations for addressing malnutrition, evidence-based multisectoral nutrition interventions have been rarely developed and implemented in low-income and middle-income countries. To identify key determinants of undernutrition for effectively designing a multisectoral intervention package, a nutrition survey was conducted, by comprehensively covering a variety of variables across sectors, in Niassa province, Mozambique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Niassa province, August-October 2019. Anthropometric measurements, anaemia tests of children under 5 years of age and structured interviews with their mothers were conducted. A total of 1498 children under 5 years of age participated in the survey. We employed 107 background variables related to possible underlying and immediate causes of undernutrition, to examine their associations with being malnourished. Both bivariate (χ² test and Mann-Whitney's U test) and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were undertaken, to identify the determinants of being malnourished.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence rates of stunting, underweight and wasting were estimated at 46.2%, 20.0% and 7.1%, respectively. Timely introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods to children of 6-8 months of age was detected as a determinant of being not stunted. Mother-child cosleeping and ownership of birth certificate were a protective factor from and a promoting factor for being underweight, respectively. Similarly, availability and consumption of eggs at the household level and cough during the last 2 weeks among children were likely to be a protective factor from and a promoting factor for being wasted, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Timely introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods could serve as an entry point for the three sectors to start making joint efforts, as it requires the interventions from all health, agriculture and water sectors. To enable us to make meaningful interprovincial, international and inter-seasonal comparisons, it is crucially important to develop a standard set of variables related to being malnourished.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"320-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25317162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a ketogenic diet lower a very high Lp(a)? A striking experiment in a male physician.","authors":"Johannes Georg Scholl","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The level of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), an important cardiovascular risk factor, is considered to be genetically determined. I am a 55-year-old male physician specialised in preventive medicine and a hobby triathlete with a body mass index of 24.9 kg/m² and a maximum oxygen consumption (VO₂max) of ~50 mL/(kg×min), with an average of 7-10 hours of exercise per week. I discovered my own Lp(a) at 92-97 mg/dL in 2004 and measured a maximum Lp(a) of 108 mg/dL in 2013. Surprisingly, I observed a much lower Lp(a) of 65 mg/dL in 2018. This happened after I had adopted a very-low-carb ketogenic diet for long-term endurance exercise. My n=1 experiment in July 2020 demonstrated an increase in Lp(a) back to 101 mg/dL on a very high-carb diet within 2 weeks, and a drop back to 74 mg/dL after 3 weeks on the ketogenic diet afterwards. The observed large changes in my Lp(a) were thus reproducible by a change in carbohydrate consumption and might have clinical relevance for patients as well as researchers in the field of Lp(a).</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"413-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25316690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and mercury in never-pregnant women of fertile age: association with fish consumption and unfavorable lipid profile.","authors":"Anne-Lise Bjorke-Monsen,&nbsp;Kristin Varsi,&nbsp;Maria Averina,&nbsp;Jan Brox,&nbsp;Sandra Huber","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and lifestyle factors that may contribute to higher levels of pollutants in never-pregnant women of fertile age.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Participants were recruited among employees and students at Haukeland University Hospital and the University of Bergen, Norway.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Healthy, never-pregnant Norwegian women (n=158) of fertile age (18-39 years).</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Concentrations of 20 different PFASs, mercury (Hg), lead, cadmium, total, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, in addition to self-reported data on dietary intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven PFASs were detected in more than 95% of the women. Women aged 30-39 years had higher concentrations of sum PFAS compared with younger women. Serum PFASs were significantly intercorrelated (rho: 0.34-0.98, p<0.001) and six of them were significantly correlated to whole blood Hg (rho: 0.21-0.74, p<0.01). Fish consumption was the strongest predictor for most serum PFASs and for whole blood Hg. Fish consumption and serum perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations were both positively associated with serum total and LDL cholesterol, established risk factors for cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The majority of Norwegian never-pregnant women of fertile age had a mixture of seven different PFASs and Hg detected in their blood. PFAS concentrations were higher in older women and associated with fish intake. As the mean age of women at first birth is increasing, several factors require further consideration including diet, as this may influence the burden of PFAS to the next generation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03272022, Unique Protocol ID: 2011/2447, Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics West (2011/2447), 12 January 2012.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25317241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from a general practice service evaluation supporting a lower carbohydrate diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes: a secondary analysis of routine clinic data including HbA1c, weight and prescribing over 6 years.","authors":"David Unwin,&nbsp;Ali Ahsan Khalid,&nbsp;Jen Unwin,&nbsp;Dominic Crocombe,&nbsp;Christine Delon,&nbsp;Kathy Martyn,&nbsp;Rajna Golubic,&nbsp;Sumantra Ray","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In a single general practice (GP) surgery in England, there was an eightfold increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in three decades with 57 cases and 472 cases recorded in 1987 and 2018, respectively. This mirrors the growing burden of T2D on the health of populations round the world along with healthcare funding and provision more broadly. Emerging evidence suggests beneficial effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets on glycaemic control in T2D, but its impact in a 'real-world' primary care setting has not been fully evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Advice on a lower carbohydrate diet was offered routinely to patients with newly diagnosed and pre-existing T2D or prediabetes between 2013 and 2019, in the Norwood GP practice with 9800 patients. Conventional 'one-to-one' GP consultations were used, supplemented by group consultations, to help patients better understand the glycaemic consequences of their dietary choices with a particular focus on sugar, carbohydrates and foods with a higher Glycaemic Index. Those interested were computer coded for ongoing audit to compare 'baseline' with 'latest follow-up' for relevant parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By 2019, 128 (27%) of the practice population with T2D and 71 people with prediabetes had opted to follow a lower carbohydrate diet for a mean duration of 23 months. For patients with T2D, the median (IQR) weight dropped from of 99.7 (86.2, 109.3) kg to 91.4 (79, 101.1) kg, p<0.001, while the median (IQR) HbA1c dropped from 65.5 (55, 82) mmol/mol to 48 (43, 55) mmol/mol, p<0.001. For patients with prediabetes, the median (IQR) HbA1c dropped from 44 (43, 45) mmol/mol to 39 (38, 41) mmol/mol, p<0.001. Drug-free T2D remission occurred in 46% of participants. In patients with prediabetes, 93% attained a normal HbA1c. Since 2015, there has been a relative reduction in practice prescribing of drugs for diabetes leading to a T2D prescribing budget £50 885 per year less than average for the area.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This approach to lower carbohydrate dietary advice for patients with T2D and prediabetes was incorporated successfully into routine primary care over 6 years. There were statistically significant improvements in both groups for weight, HbA1c, lipid profiles and blood pressure as well as significant drug budget savings. These results suggest a need for more empirical research on the effects of lower carbohydrate diet and long-term glycaemic control while recording collateral impacts to other metabolic health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"285-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25317242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different stool extraction methods for metabolomics measurements in human faecal samples","authors":"Vanessa Erben, G. Poschet, P. Schrotz-King, H. Brenner","doi":"10.1101/2020.10.12.20209767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.12.20209767","url":null,"abstract":"Background Metabolomics analysis of human stool samples is of great interest for a broad range of applications in biomedical research including early detection of colorectal neoplasms. However, due to the complexity of metabolites there is no consensus on how to process samples for stool metabolomics measurements to obtain a broad coverage of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. Methods We used frozen stool samples (50 mg) from healthy study participants. Stool samples were processed after thawing using eight different processing protocols and different solvents (solvents such as phosphate-buffered saline, isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and solvent mixtures with or without following evaporation and concentration steps). Metabolites were measured afterwards using the MxP Quant 500 kit (Biocrates). The best performing protocol was subsequently applied to compare stool samples of participants with different dietary habits. Results In this study, we were able to determine up to 340 metabolites of various chemical classes extracted from stool samples of healthy study participants with eight different protocols. Polar metabolites such as amino acids could be measured with each method while other metabolite classes, particular lipid species (better with isopropanol and ethanol or methanol following a drying step), are more dependent on the solvent or combination of solvents used. Only a small number of triglycerides or acylcarnitines were detected in human faeces. Extraction efficiency was higher for protocols using isopropanol (131 metabolites>limit of detection (LOD)) or those using ethanol or methanol and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) including an evaporation and concentration step (303 and 342 metabolites>LOD, respectively) than for other protocols. We detected significant faecal metabolite differences between vegetarians, semivegetarians and non-vegetarians. Conclusion For the evaluation of metabolites in faecal samples, we found protocols using solvents like isopropanol and those using ethanol or methanol, and MTBE including an evaporation and concentration step to be superior regarding the number of detected metabolites of different chemical classes over others tested in this study.","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"4 1","pages":"374 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42214255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}