BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health最新文献

{"title":"Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Viney Prakash Dubey, Antonio García-Hermoso, José Francisco López-Gil, Alona Rauckiene-Michaelsson, Carolina Vila-Chã, Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001266","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Mediterranean diet has been associated with improved metabolic health among adults. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching PubMed, the Excerpta Medica Database (Embase, via OvidSP), Scopus and Web of Science, covering publications from inception to April 2024. Studies were included if they evaluated the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents. A random-effects model was used to estimate the summary effect size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of eight studies involving children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years were included in the meta-analysis (n=6562, 50% girls). Low adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with greater odds of metabolic syndrome than was medium/high adherence (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45 to 3.28; <i>p</i> < 0.001; inconsistency index [<i>I</i> ²] = 64.15%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis suggested that increased adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with lower probabilities of having cardiometabolic risk among children and adolescents. Thus, our findings suggest that public health strategies are needed to implement and promote effective actions toward healthy eating habits in children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 2","pages":"e001266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding initiation and duration: links to physical, mental and behavioural health in US children aged 3-5 years.","authors":"Ning Pan, Kang-You Li, Sai-Jun Huang, Li-Zi Lin, Lei Shi, Qiang Feng, Yingqian Chen, An-Qi Ren, Li Cai, Xu-Chu Weng, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001175","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding is a cornerstone of child health. We investigated the associations of any breastfeeding initiation and duration with physical, mental and behavioural health conditions among children aged 3-5 years in the USA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were derived from the 2016 to 2022 National Survey of Children's Health, which is a national, population-based, cross-sectional study. A total of 40 280 children aged 3-5 years were included. Any breastfeeding initiation and duration, physical (asthma, allergies, arthritis, cerebral palsy, diabetes, epilepsy or seizure disorder, heart conditions or severe headaches), mental (anxiety or depression) and behavioural (Tourette syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or behavioural/conduct problems) health conditions were measured using parent-reported questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Any breastfeeding was significantly associated with lower odds of behavioural health conditions (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.99) and marginally with mental health conditions (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.02, p=0.067). There was a significant non-linear trend between any breastfeeding duration and having a mental or behavioural health condition (all P_non-linear<0.001). The intervals of significant associations were 7.3-23.4 months for mental condition and 6.8-24.1 months for behavioural condition (the most associated points at 15.6 and 15.3 months). There were no significant associations of any breastfeeding initiation and duration with physical health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Any breastfeeding was linked to better behavioural health and marginally to mental health, with no association found for physical health among children aged 3-5 years in the USA. Any breastfeeding duration of approximately 15 months appears to have the strongest association with promoting children's mental and behavioural health.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 2","pages":"e001175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12772619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle on pre-diabetes risk and glycaemic control: insights from NHANES 2005-2018.","authors":"Jiayin Qin, Wenyan Xu, Yingying Li, Dandan Sun, Hongmei Xu, Di Bao, Chun Mu, Qiuling Xing","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001260","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association between a comprehensive multidimensional healthy lifestyle and the risk of pre-diabetes and glycaemic control markers, specifically glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and to conduct subgroup analyses to examine these associations across different populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of 9567 adults aged 20 and older was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2018 participants. A lifestyle score was created based on eight modifiable factors: diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, waist circumference, depressive symptoms and marital status. Weighted logistic regression estimated ORs for pre-diabetes, and linear regression assessed associations with HbA1c and FPG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher healthy lifestyle score was associated with a significantly lower risk of pre-diabetes and improved glycaemic markers. Compared with participants with 0-2 healthy lifestyle factors, those with 7-8 factors exhibited a 53% lower risk of pre-diabetes (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.69; p<0.001, P for trend <0.001). The results showed significant reductions in HbA1c by 0.08 units (95% CI: -0.16 to -0.01) and in FPG by 2.74 mg/dL (95% CI: -4.47 to -1.01). Stratified analyses showed stronger associations in women, individuals without a family history of diabetes, and those aged 40-59. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study results highlight the value of a multidimensional, modifiable healthy lifestyle in reducing pre-diabetes risk and improving glycaemic control. These results support integrated lifestyle interventions in population-level pre-diabetes prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 2","pages":"e001260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitators and barriers of fruit and vegetable consumption among Ugandans living with diabetes: a qualitative study.","authors":"Norah Babirye, Tonny Kiyimba, Aliza Hannah Stark","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000948","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>In sub-Saharan Africa, a nutrition transition is driving increased consumption of ultraprocessed foods and reduced intake of vegetables and fruits. This shift contributes to high rates of diet-related non-communicable diseases like diabetes. This study aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers to consuming indigenous fruits and vegetables (IFVs) among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals living with T2D were recruited for focus group discussions (FGDs) based on a modified theoretical framework comprising three established theories. Purposive sampling targeted participants at a community diabetic clinic, recruited through village health workers. FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic content analysis. Recruitment continued until data saturation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five FGDs (n=33) were conducted. Along with conventional pharmacotherapies, several indigenous vegetables and fruits were perceived as useful in maintaining normal blood glucose levels. Determinants for IFV use were identified at three ecological levels: personal, interpersonal and environmental. Major barriers included undesirable sensory attributes of IFV, lack of food processing and preservation skills, cultural and social influences, proximity to food markets, seasonality of IFV, financial constraints, unhygienic and harmful farm practices, media influence and limited accessibility to IFV. Major facilitators included fear-inspired dietary shift, attributed health benefits of IFV, presence of home gardens, literacy and budgeting skills, social and healthcare support, and skills in IFV preparation and preservation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite acknowledging the importance of IFVs, barriers limit their consumption. Interventions should address personal obstacles, boost self-efficacy and change the food environment to promote healthy diets among Ugandan individuals living with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 2","pages":"e000948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'The wisdom of crowds': a survey on the rating of nutritional values of meals in digital pictures.","authors":"Kathrin Gemesi, Sophie Laura Holzmann, Markus Böhm, Nadja Leipold, Hanna Hauptmann, Martin Lurz, Georg Groh, Hans Hauner, Helmut Krcmar, Christina Holzapfel","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001162","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Photo-based nutrition diaries might be useful to assess dietary intake without much effort and maybe even without nutrition expertise. This proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate the principle of 'the wisdom of crowds' by examining how accurately both nutrition experts and non-experts can rate nutritional values of meals presented in digital pictures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was conducted among adults in Germany from 2016 to 2017. Participants rated a random selection of six meal pictures according to their nutritional values (energy, carbohydrates, sugar and fat content) and their healthiness. Rating results were compared with the nutritional value calculated by the German Nutrient Database or according to the manufacturer's information ('truth'). Descriptive statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney-U test and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using RStudio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 110 (92.7 % women, mean age: 38.7±14.0 years) nutrition experts and 233 (31.3 % women, mean age: 21.2±2.6 years) non-experts participated. Overall meal pictures, experts overestimated the average content of all nutritional values (sugar: 3.8 %, energy: 4.9 %, carbohydrates: 4.9 % and fat: 10.4 %). Non-experts overestimated the average energy content by 10.4 %, fat content by 17.1 % and sugar content by 27.5%. The average carbohydrate content was underestimated by 9.0%. A statistically significant difference between the two crowds' ratings was found for energy (p=0.03), carbohydrates (p<0.001) and sugar (p<0.001), but not for fat (p=0.44). An increasing deviation of nutritional value ratings from the truth towards overrating was associated with decreasing rating of healthiness (all p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that both experts and non-experts rate nutritional values of meals in digital pictures in an appropriate manner, although both crowds occasionally deviated significantly from the truth, especially over-rating occurred with decreasing rating of healthiness. Due to the proof-of-concept approach and the limited generalisability of the results, the principle of 'the wisdom of crowds' is not fully supported. Studies with a large representative population are necessary. However, findings suggest that crowd-based meal picture ratings could be a method of digital dietary self-monitoring in combination with gamification elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal changes of body composition during a 3-year follow-up in Taiwan adults with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Chia-Ling Lin, Hsueh-Ching Wu, Neng-Chun Yu, Yuan-Ching Liu, I-Ying Chiu, Yung-Yen Lee, Wu-Chien Chien","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000995","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To elucidate longitudinal changes of body composition among type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study designed. A total of 6164 (mean age, 52.4±9.4 years) Taiwan T2D adults. The mean follow-up duration was 19.3±12.2 months. Body compositions were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Six body composition indicators were defined using body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI); appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), skeletal muscle index (SMI); body fat mass (BFM) and percent body fat (PBF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study demonstrated that among individuals with T2D, their BW, BMI, ASM and SMI decreased progressively with age, with more pronounced annual declines observed in men compared with women. In contrast, changes in BFM and PBF exhibited a nonlinear trend: while both declined before the age of 65 years, they showed a shift towards stabilisation or increase after the age of 65 years. This upward trend was more evident in women compared with men, particularly for BFM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Muscle tissue within the body composition of T2D patients experiences a decline with increasing age, while it is important to observe that adipose tissue demonstrates a rebound phenomenon after the age of 65 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e000995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between dietary index for gut microbiota and hypertension: a large cross-sectional study from NHANES.","authors":"Qingfeng Zeng, Chunqing Xiao, Xianghui Zeng, Gang Cao, Guosheng Liu, Jincheng Wu, Xiaomin Lin, Wenxin Deng, Jianping Luo","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001163","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut microbiota is strongly associated with hypertension. The Dietary Index of Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) is a newly proposed indicator of the diversity of gut microbiota in the diet. However, the relationship between DI-GM and hypertension is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2020). Dietary data were used to calculate DI-GM and grouped into three tertile groups. Survey logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to analyse the association between DI-GM and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20 804 participants (age ≥20 years) were enrolled in the study. After adjusting for all covariates, the ORs for hypertension in the medium DI-GM group (second quartile, 4-5) and high DI-GM group (third quartile, >5) were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.06) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.99) compared with the low DI-GM group (first quartile, <4). Additionally, results from the RCS analysis indicated a linear association between DI-GM and hypertension (p value for non-linearity=0.57).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that higher DI-GM dietary patterns are associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension in a representative sample of US adults. These results suggest that dietary patterns characterised by a higher DI-GM may represent a potential strategy for the prevention of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCREEN-II: upstream identification of nutritional risks and its determinants among older adults in primary care in Singapore.","authors":"Hwei Ming Tan, Lay Hoon Goh, Seaw Jia Liew, Wee Hian Tan, Verena Tan, Ruth Teh, Yiong Huak Chan, Jose Maria Valderas","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000992","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Malnutrition is common among the elderly and is a growing public health concern. Identification and subsequent intervention for malnutrition begin with screening. Community screening presents a key opportunity for early identification and intervention for at-risk groups. We aimed to examine the prevalence of nutritional risk and risk factors among Singapore's community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Patients from public primary care polyclinics (n=404) were administered locally adapted English and Mandarin Chinese versions of SCREEN-II to determine the prevalence of nutritional risk (score<50). Stepwise logistic regression and latent class analysis (LCA) were performed to examine predictors of low scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of nutritional risk was 67.3% (95% CI 62.5% to 71.9%) affecting 60.2% males and 75.5% females in the sample. On stepwise logistic regression, being female (adjusted aOR (aOR) 1.89, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.95), having multimorbidity (aOR 2.48, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.92) and staying in lower-end housing (aOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.88) were risk factors for malnutrition. LCA two-cluster solution further identified Malay race (aOR 7.29, 95% CI 2.44 to 21.79, p<0.001) and secondary school education (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.63, p=0.007) as risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that nutritional risk is significant among Singapore's older adults and support the identification of higher risk subgroups. Further studies would be worthwhile to direct limited resources towards these at-risk groups in the face of the rapidly ageing population.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e000992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions on changes towards plant-based diets for health and environmental benefits: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir, Birna Thorisdottir, Thorhallur Halldorsson, Inga Thorsdottir","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001191","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess perspectives on transitioning towards more plant-based diets for health and environment in the Icelandic population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online questions to a country representative panel (N=2452; >18 years): (1) transition towards more plant-based personal diets for health and the environment, (2) inclusion of education on plant-based diets in preschool and elementary school curricula and (3) supporting farmers for production of more plant foods. Differences between answers according to demographics were tested by χ² test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) 37% of respondents were positive towards personal diet transition, 33% were negative, (2) 51% were positive towards education about plant-based diets in preschools and elementary schools, 14% negative, (3) 73% were positive towards supporting farmers to increase production of plant foods, 5% negative. Women, those living in the capital area and those with university education were more positive to the changes than men, people living outside the capital area and people with lower educational level, respectively (p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More than one-third of adult Icelanders had positive perspectives to transitions towards more plant-based personal diets, and a majority supported incorporation of education on plant-based diets, health and environment in schools. The strongest agreement was found for support to farmers to produce more varied plant-based foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life in adults with chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Lynette Law, Joshua J Heerey, Brooke L Devlin, Peter Brukner, Alysha M De Livera, Joanne Kemp, Amanda Attanayake, Søren Thorgaard Skou, Alessio Bricca, Adam G Culvenor","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001257","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults with at least one chronic disease.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Centre Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 6 May 2024.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: </strong>Full-text RCTs published in English assessing the effectiveness of any anti-inflammatory dietary intervention (ie, a diet that emphasises the intake of nutrient-rich, minimally processed foods rich in polyphenols, carotenoids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and limits highly-processed, pro-inflammatory foods) on HRQOL in adults with at least one chronic disease were included.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data extraction, risk-of-bias assessments and strength-of-evidence assessments were done by two independent reviewers. Pooled effects (standardised mean difference (SMD)) for HRQOL (separated into mental and physical component scores wherever possible) were calculated using random effects models with restricted maximum likelihood estimations. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed to assess the influence of study-level characteristics on HRQOL outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>23 studies reporting HRQOL for 3294 participants were included. The most common chronic diseases were type two diabetes, musculoskeletal conditions and cardiovascular conditions. Anti-inflammatory diets were associated with small improvements in HRQOL physical component scores compared with usual care/other dietary interventions (18 trials, SMD=0.17, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.27) but not in mental component scores (18 trials, SMD=0.09, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.20) or general HRQOL scores (four trials, SMD=0.27, 95% CI -0.22 to 0.77). Pooled effects did not differ by available study-level characteristics; however, diet-only interventions (compared with multi-component interventions) had a greater effect on mental component scores. No study met the Cochrane criteria for low risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was low for physical and mental HRQOL scores and very low for general HRQOL scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In adults with at least one chronic disease, anti-inflammatory diets lead to small improvements in physical component HRQOL, which may not be clinically relevant. No effect was found on the mental component or general HRQOL. Further high-quality RCTs may change this conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}