BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health最新文献

{"title":"Effect of nutrition education by health professionals on pregnancy-specific nutrition knowledge and healthy dietary practice among pregnant women in Asmara, Eritrea: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Lidia Ghirmai Teweldemedhin,&nbsp;Helen Gebretatyos Amanuel,&nbsp;Soliana Amanuel Berhe,&nbsp;Ghidey Gebreyohans,&nbsp;Zemenfes Tsige,&nbsp;Eyasu Habte","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthy pregnancy and birth outcomes are greatly influenced by the intake of adequate and balanced nutrition. Pregnant women's nutritional knowledge and practice have been identified as an important prerequisites for their proper nutritional intake. The antenatal period with the opportunities for regular contact with health professionals appears to be the ideal time and setting to institute the intervention which could maximise pregnant women's outcome and that of their baby by motivating them to make nutritional changes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effect of nutrition education on the appropriate nutritional knowledge and practice of pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A facility-based single-group pre-post quasi-experimental study design was employed in five health facilities providing antenatal care (ANC) service in Asmara on 226 pregnant women. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data regarding nutritional knowledge via interview by trained data collectors during the pretest, immediate post-test and 6 weeks later. The practice was assessed at pre-intervention and 6 weeks later only. Repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t-test were used to make comparisons in knowledge and practice scores, respectively, using SPSS (V.22).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Training provided to pregnant women resulted in a significant increase on the mean scores of their knowledge from 29.01/47 (SE=0.35) pre-intervention to 42.73/47 (SE=0.24) immediate post-intervention. However, the score declined significantly from immediate after intervention to 6-week follow-up by 1.79 (SE=0.22). Although the score declined, knowledge at 6-week follow-up was still significantly greater than that of pre-intervention (p<0.0001). Health professionals (70.2%) were the primary source of information for pregnant women. The pregnancy-specific dietary practice score at 6-week follow-up (M=13.13/16, SE=0.09) was significantly higher than that of pre-intervention (M=12.55/16, SE=0.16). There was no significant interaction between the categories of demographic characteristics and change in practice and knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has shown that the nutrition messages given to pregnant women by trained health professionals using a holistic approach in a sustained manner played a huge role in increasing their knowledge and in introducing positive dietary practices among them. Thus, ANC clinics must play a leading role in coordinating the effort of awareness creation regarding nutrition during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"181-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical study of the 30-s chair-stand test as an indicator for musculoskeletal disorder risk of sedentary behaviour in Japanese office workers: a cross-sectional empirical study.","authors":"Azusa Arimoto,&nbsp;Shoko Ishikawa,&nbsp;Etsuko Tadaka","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sedentary behaviour among office workers and the risk of adverse health outcomes are public health problems. However, risk indicators for these outcomes require invasive biochemical examination. A proactive screening tool using a non-invasive, easy-to-use method is required to assess the risk focused on musculoskeletal health for primary prevention. However, middle-aged adults have insufficient awareness of musculoskeletal disorders. This study examined to determine whether the 30-s chair-stand test (CS-30) can be used as a proactive screening index for musculoskeletal disorder risk of sedentary behaviour in office workers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires and physical measurements.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Four workplaces located in a metropolitan area of Japan.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>431 Japanese office workers aged 20-64 years. 406 valid sets of results remained (valid response rate: 94.2%).</p><p><strong>Primary and secondary outcome measures: </strong>Musculoskeletal function was measured using the CS-30, quadriceps muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the sensitivity, specificity and optimal cut-off value for the CS-30. The risk of future incidence of musculoskeletal disorders was calculated using current quadriceps muscle strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total participants, 47.0% were male and the mean sitting time in work duration was 455.6 min/day (SD=111.2 min). The mean lower limb quadriceps muscle strength was 444.8 N (SD=131.3 N). For the optimum cut-off value of 23 on the CS-30 for all participants, sensitivity was 0.809 and specificity was 0.231. For men, the optimum cut-off was 25, with a sensitivity of 0.855 and a specificity 0.172. For women, the optimum cut-off was 21, with a sensitivity of 0.854 and a specificity 0.275.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sensitivity was high, but specificity was insufficient. The CS-30 may be a potential proactive screening index for musculoskeletal disorder risk of sedentary behaviour, in combination with other indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"158-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variations in the severity of COVID-19 illness by race and ethnicity.","authors":"Joseph E Ebinger,&nbsp;Matthew Driver,&nbsp;Hongwei Ji,&nbsp;Brian Claggett,&nbsp;Min Wu,&nbsp;Eric Luong,&nbsp;Nancy Sun,&nbsp;Patrick Botting,&nbsp;Elizabeth H Kim,&nbsp;Amy Hoang,&nbsp;Trevor Trung Nguyen,&nbsp;Jacqueline Diaz,&nbsp;Eunice Park,&nbsp;Tod Davis,&nbsp;Shehnaz Hussain,&nbsp;Susan Cheng,&nbsp;Jane C Figueiredo","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early reports highlighted racial/ethnic disparities in the severity of COVID-19 seen across the USA; the extent to which these disparities have persisted over time remains unclear. Our research objective was to understand temporal trends in racial/ethnic variation in severity of COVID-19 illness presenting over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using longitudinal data from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, a high-volume health system in Southern California. We studied patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 illness from 4 March 2020 through 5 December 2020. Our primary outcome was COVID-19 severity of illness among hospitalised patients, assessed by racial/ethnic group status. We defined overall illness severity as an ordinal outcome: hospitalisation but no intensive care unit (ICU) admission; admission to the ICU but no intubation; and intubation or death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1584 patients with COVID-19 with available demographic and clinical data were included. Hispanic/Latinx compared with non-Hispanic white patients had higher odds of experiencing more severe illness among hospitalised patients (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.62 to 3.22) and this disparity persisted over time. During the initial 2 months of the pandemic, non-Hispanic blacks were more likely to suffer severe illness than non-Hispanic whites (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.78); this disparity improved by May, only to return later in the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our patient sample, the severity of observed COVID-19 illness declined steadily over time, but these clinical improvements were not seen evenly across racial/ethnic groups; greater illness severity continues to be experienced among Hispanic/Latinx patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 illness in relation to sleep and burnout.","authors":"Hyunju Kim,&nbsp;Sheila Hegde,&nbsp;Christine LaFiura,&nbsp;Madhunika Raghavan,&nbsp;Eric Luong,&nbsp;Susan Cheng,&nbsp;Casey M Rebholz,&nbsp;Sara B Seidelmann","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep habits and burnout have been shown to be associated with increase in infectious diseases, but it is unknown if these factors are associated with risk of COVID-19. We assessed whether sleep and self-reported burnout may be risk factors for COVID-19 among high-risk healthcare workers (HCWs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 17 July to 25 September 2020, a web-based survey was administered to HCWs in six countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, USA) with a high frequency of workplace exposure. Participants provided information on demographics, sleep (number of sleep hours at night, daytime napping hours, sleep problems), burnout from work and COVID-19 exposures. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to evaluate the associations between sleep, burnout and COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2884 exposed HCWs, there were 568 COVID-19 cases and 2316 controls. After adjusting for confounders, 1-hour longer sleep duration at night was associated with 12% lower odds of COVID-19 (p=0.003). Daytime napping hours was associated with 6% higher odds, but the association varied by countries, with a non-significant inverse association in Spain. Compared with having no sleep problems, having three sleep problems was associated with 88% greater odds of COVID-19. Reporting burnout 'every day' was associated with greater odds of COVID-19 (OR: 2.60, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.31, p trend across categories=0.001), longer duration (OR: 2.98, 95% CI 1.10 to 8.05, p trend=0.02) and severity (OR: 3.26, 95% CI 1.25 to 8.48, p trend=0.02) compared with reporting no burnout. These associations remained significant after adjusting for frequency of COVID-19 exposures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In six countries, longer sleep duration was associated with lower odds of COVID-19, but the association with daytime nap may not be consistent across countries. Greater sleep problems and high level of burnout were robustly associated with greater odds of COVID-19. Sleep and burnout may be risk factors for COVID-19 in high-risk HCWs.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"132-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random forest approach for determining risk prediction and predictive factors of type 2 diabetes: large-scale health check-up data in Japan.","authors":"Tadao Ooka,&nbsp;Hisashi Johno,&nbsp;Kazunori Nakamoto,&nbsp;Yoshioki Yoda,&nbsp;Hiroshi Yokomichi,&nbsp;Zentaro Yamagata","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early intervention in type 2 diabetes can prevent exacerbation of insulin resistance. More effective interventions can be implemented by early and precise prediction of the change in glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Artificial intelligence (AI), which has been introduced into various medical fields, may be useful in predicting changes in HbA1c. However, the inability to explain the predictive factors has been a problem in the use of deep learning, the leading AI technology. Therefore, we applied a highly interpretable AI method, random forest (RF), to large-scale health check-up data and examined whether there was an advantage over a conventional prediction model.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This study included a cumulative total of 42 908 subjects not receiving treatment for diabetes with an HbA1c <6.5%. The objective variable was the change in HbA1c in the next year. Each prediction model was created with 51 health-check items and part of their change values from the previous year. We used two analytical methods to compare the predictive powers: RF as a new model and multivariate logistic regression (MLR) as a conventional model. We also created models excluding the change values to determine whether it positively affected the predictions. In addition, variable importance was calculated in the RF analysis, and standard regression coefficients were calculated in the MLR analysis to identify the predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RF model showed a higher predictive power for the change in HbA1c than MLR in all models. The RF model including change values showed the highest predictive power. In the RF prediction model, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, body weight, alkaline phosphatase and platelet count were factors with high predictive power.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Correct use of the RF method may enable highly accurate risk prediction for the change in HbA1c and may allow the identification of new diabetes risk predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"140-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference to nutrition in medical accreditation and curriculum guidance: a comparative analysis.","authors":"Breanna Lepre,&nbsp;Kylie J Mansfield,&nbsp;Sumantra Ray,&nbsp;Eleanor Beck","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Poor diet is a leading cause of death worldwide. Doctors are well placed to provide dietary advice, yet nutrition remains insufficiently integrated into medical education. Enforcement of curriculum or accreditation requirements such as nutrition requires relevant regulatory frameworks. The aim of this review was to identify nutrition content or requirements for nutrition education in accreditation standards or formal curriculum guidance for medical education internationally.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Non-systematic comparative analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>An internet search using the Google Search engine, the WHO Directory of Medical Schools and Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research Directory of Organizations that Recognise/Accredit Medical Schools was conducted through September 2020 to identify government and organisational reports as well as publications from regulatory and professional bodies relevant to medical education.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Eligible publications included (A) accreditation standards, (B) competency standards or a framework, (C) curricula, and (D) assessment content.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>We stratified findings by country or region and both preregistration and postregistration education. Findings were synthesised based on the existence of nutrition content or requirements for nutrition education within systems used to guide medical education internationally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review found that despite an emphasis on meeting the needs of the community and the demands of the labour market, only 44% of accreditation and curriculum guidance included nutrition. Nutrition remains inadequately represented in accreditation and curriculum guidance for medical education at all levels internationally. Accreditation standards provide a mandated framework for curricula and inclusion of nutrition in accreditation frameworks provides an incentive for the integration of nutrition into medical education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review is a call to action for the medical profession including government, health agencies and educational and accreditation entities. The inclusion of nutrition in medical education has appeared throughout medical education literature for more than five decades, yet without consensus standards there is little likelihood of uniform adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"307-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39222755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap between science-led research and evaluation of clinical practice: the role of service innovation audits and case studies.","authors":"Shane McAuliffe,&nbsp;David Unwin,&nbsp;James Bradfield,&nbsp;Sumantra Ray,&nbsp;Kathy Martyn","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000226","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editors,\u0000\u0000Two recent publications in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health 1 2 have been subject to mixed reactions from members of both nutrition science and clinical practice communities. As a centre bridging both scientific research and clinical practice, we have heard and considered valid arguments from both schools of thinking.3 \u0000\u0000Nutrition science argues that the publication of research based on clinical audits and in particular, n=1 case studies, lack the scientific rigour to justify any implementation in the clinical setting, partly because of a lack of control over variables including unknown confounders and the presence of bias. Proponents of the latter may argue that clinical audits and novel case studies are crucial in supporting implementation of science into practice via recognition of new trends or outliers in clinical findings and practice patterns. Showcasing n=1 cases may also provide motivation to colleagues, helping them to challenge preconceived ideas and consider the difference between research and clinical practice, then to think through and apply similar approaches to help their own patients—ultimately leading to better practice.4 However, these views are not dichotomous, but complementary, whereby practice should inform science and science should inform practice.\u0000\u0000It can be summarised from the work of Sackett et al 5 that without clinical expertise, practice risks becoming tyrannised by evidence, for even excellent research evidence may be inapplicable to or inappropriate for an individual patient. Equally, without current best evidence, practice risks becoming rapidly out of date, to …","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"350-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39222760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight loss, hypertension and mental well-being improvements during COVID-19 with a multicomponent health promotion programme on Zoom: a service evaluation in primary care.","authors":"Louise Walker,&nbsp;Natalie Smith,&nbsp;Christine Delon","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a risk factor for complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection, increasing the need for effective weight management measures in primary care. However, in the UK, COVID-19 restrictions have hampered primary care weight management referral and delivery, and COVID-19 related weight gain has been reported. The present study evaluated outcomes from a multicomponent weight loss and health promotion programme in UK primary care, delivered remotely due to COVID-19 restrictions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes attended six 90 min sessions over 10 weeks on Zoom. The dietary component comprised a low-carbohydrate 'real food' approach, augmented with education on physical activity, intermittent fasting, gut health, stress management, sleep and behaviour change. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic data were self-reported. Mental well-being was assessed with the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Subjective outcomes and participant feedback about the programme were collected with an anonymous online survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty participants completed the programme. Weight loss and improvements in body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mental well-being achieved statistical and clinical significance. Mean weight loss (5.8 kg) represented a 6.5% weight loss. Participants' subjective outcomes included weight loss without hunger (67%) and increased confidence in their ability to improve health (83%). All participants reported the usage of Zoom to access the programme as acceptable with 83% reporting it worked well.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multicomponent weight loss and health promotion programme with a low-carbohydrate dietary component, clinically and statistically significantly improved health outcomes including weight status, blood pressure and mental well-being in a group of primary care patients when delivered remotely. Further research is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of overweight/obesity on caesarean section occurrence among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: a secondary data analysis.","authors":"Melese Linger Endalifer,&nbsp;Gedefaw Diress,&nbsp;Hunegnaw Almaw,&nbsp;Bedilu Linger Endalifer","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The burden of overweight/obesity increased worldwide and it has unpredictable effect on maternal morbidity and mortality. Different adverse perinatal outcomes observed in overweight/obese women, of those caesarean section occurred frequently. In Ethiopia, the national caesarean section and overweight/obesity rate among reproductive-aged women increased tremendously. Therefore, we intend to assess the association between overweight/obesity with caesarean section in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The data were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey in nine regions and two city administrations. A stratified two-stage random sampling design was used to collect data. The exposure variable was overweight/obesity, and the outcome variable was a caesarean section. The final analytical sample consisted of 6928 participants. SPSS V.23 was used to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation were performed to describe the study variables. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were regressed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of caesarean section among women aged between 15-49 years old who gave birth in the last 5 years was 245 (3.54%). The occurrence of caesarean section among overweight/obese women was 2.05 higher as compared with normal-weight women (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.09 - 3.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Promoting weight reduction programmes throughout the country would have a greater contribution to reduce caesarean section rate and health cost, and to improve the health of the mother.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"111-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic factors associated with obesity risks in a Kazakhstani population.","authors":"Madina Razbekova,&nbsp;Alpamys Issanov,&nbsp;Mei-Yen Chan,&nbsp;Robbie Chan,&nbsp;Dauren Yerezhepov,&nbsp;Ulan Kozhamkulov,&nbsp;Ainur Akilzhanova,&nbsp;Chee-Kai Chan","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There is limited published literature on the genetic risks of chronic inflammatory related disease (eg, obesity and cardiovascular disease) among the Central Asia population. The aim is to determine potential genetic loci as risk factors for obesity for the Kazakhstani population.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>One hundred and sixty-three Kazakhstani nationals (ethnic groups: both Russians and Kazakhs) were recruited for the cross-sectional study. Linear regression models, adjusted for confounding factors, were used to examine the genetic associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 19 genetic loci with obesity (73 obese/overweight individuals and 90 controls).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, logistic regression analyses revealed genotypes C/T in CRP (rs1205), A/C in AGTR1 (rs5186), A/G in CBS (rs234706), G/G in FUT2 (rs602662), A/G in PAI-1 (rs1799889), G/T (rs1801131) and A/G (rs1801133) in MTHFR genes significantly decrease risk of overweight/obesity. After stratification for ethnicity, rs234706 was significantly associated with overweight/obesity in both Russians and Kazakhs, while rs1800871 was significant in Kazakhs only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed that variations in SNPs known to be associated with cardiovascular health can also contribute to the risks of developing obesity in the population of Kazakhstan.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"90-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}