Journal of Hydrology最新文献

{"title":"Uncertainty analysis for design rainfall estimation using peaks-over-threshold model and specially formulated pivotal quantities","authors":"Weiqiang Zheng ,&nbsp;Shuguang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhengzheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Yiping Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uncertainties associated with the estimated design rainfall depths are difficult to quantify, especially if the uncertainties of the threshold used in the traditional peaks-over-threshold model need to be quantified and included. In this paper, we propose a data-based framework to quantify all the sources of uncertainties associated with the estimation of design rainfall. Three pivotal quantities are formulated to assess the uncertainties of parameters used in generalized Pareto distributions. The frequency distributions of thresholds are determined based on goodness-of-fit tests. The proposed framework is applied at 42 precipitation stations in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. Interval estimates of distribution parameters and design rainfall depths are obtained at these stations. The results show that the spatial distributions of the parameter uncertainties are complex. At some areas, the design rainfall depths and their uncertainties are both high, leading to poor reliability of estimated design rainfall depths. Compared with the conventional bootstrap and Bayesian methods, the pivotal quantity method can provide more reliable results on the estimations of the joint distributions of parameters. The proposed framework is demonstrated to be useful and effective for all the 42 stations and is recommended for use in other areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"647 ","pages":"Article 132379"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining hydrodynamics, geochemical and multiple isotopic tracers to understand the hydrogeological functioning of karst groundwater system in Jinci, northern China","authors":"Yan Duan ,&nbsp;Xubo Gao ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Li ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Caiqin Kang ,&nbsp;Wanzhou Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhuang Sun ,&nbsp;Yinzheng Xiong ,&nbsp;Yanxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karst groundwater is important for global sustainable water supply and ecological development. However, the lack of understanding of karst systems’ hydrogeological functioning increases the challenges of karst water resources management. Here, the natural responses of the main discharge sites (such as Jinci Spring, Pingquan Spring and so on) of Jinci karst water system were controlled by continuous monitoring of the discharge rate. Water samples were collected to constrain the chemical evolution of groundwater in Jinci karst water system through geochemical and isotopic tracers. The application of trend analysis tests (Mann-Kendall) shows the Jinci karst water system is highly dependent on natural recharge and influenced by human activities. Our research first timely revealed that old karst groundwater from the stagnation areas might potentially be one of the main recharge sources of karst aquifers. The recharge proportions and chemical effects of the old karst water were evaluated. The recharge proportions of old karst water increased gradually along the main flow path from the Jinci Spring to the Dongyu artesian well, where the highest estimated mixing ratio was up to 24.8 %. It was observed that the mixing recharge of the old karst water causes a significant elevation of total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate (SO₄^2-), and sulfur isotope (<em>δ</em>³⁴S_-SO4) values in karst water from the southern area of Jinci Spring, which may threaten the quality and safety of drinking water supply. Our research provides a new view on groundwater circulation and poses new challenges for groundwater management in the karst areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"648 ","pages":"Article 132375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effects of climate change on managed lowland rivers in the California Bay Delta Watershed","authors":"Andrés F. Rojas-Aguirre ,&nbsp;Erin N. Bray ,&nbsp;Jeff Dozier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water that is released from reservoirs can affect the downstream thermal regimes of rivers. During the summer months, these flow releases can lower the river temperature downstream of dams in an extension that mainly depends on the volume and temperature of these releases and the energy exchange with the overlying atmosphere. The benefit of this cooling effect has been suggested as an approach to mitigate the effects of climate change in downstream-regulated rivers. However, anticipated climate change conditions may weaken these cooling benefits, especially in managed lowland rivers (MLRs), as they are subjected to large withdrawals, are shallow, and convey clear water. Here, we show that MLRs in the California Bay Delta Watershed are vulnerable to water temperature increases, especially during future summer months subjected to a future high-emission greenhouse scenario. Low-flow conditions exacerbate this vulnerability, especially at locations downstream of high-flow diversions. By using a physical energy balance model (FLUVIAL-EB) paired with a downscaled climate regional model (CRCM5-RCP8.5), we found that for summer months between 2030 and 2100, longwave and latent heat fluxes will contribute to water temperature increases, while absorbed solar radiation will likely decrease under future climate scenarios. Despite the warming effects of climate change on MLRs in the California Bay Delta Watershed, our findings suggest that increasing the release of hypolimnetic water from reservoirs during summer months can be a viable solution to mitigate the river temperature increase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"647 ","pages":"Article 132293"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method for estimating the soil-water diffusivity of unsaturated soils based on the Boltzmann transform and the principle of stationary action","authors":"Jiwei Li ,&nbsp;Geng Niu ,&nbsp;Chuanqin Yao ,&nbsp;You Gao ,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately measuring the nonlinear soil–water diffusivity remains a complex and time-consuming task. This study extended a simple method for estimating the soil–water diffusivity of unsaturated soils based on the Boltzmann transform and the principle of stationary action. The power relationship between the Boltzmann transform variable and diffusivity is explicitly expressed, with the corresponding power exponent commonly assigned a value between 1 and 3. By comparing the analytical and numerical results, it was found that the predictions are consistent when the power exponent is taken as 2. The proposed method in this study is more concise and convenient for computation when compared to the existing methods. It directly describes the relationship between the soil–water diffusivity and the water content distribution profiles. The proposed theoretical model has limited predictive ability for certain soil types, such as loam and clay. To improve the methodology, more data from different soil types should be collected in the future to better predict soil–water diffusivity. In conclusion, the method proposed in this paper provides a concise and effective method that will have a wide range of applications in future practice in the fields of soil science, agricultural engineering, and environmental research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"647 ","pages":"Article 132348"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations and management implications of crop and water interactions in cold water-limited regions","authors":"Phillip Harder ,&nbsp;Warren D. Helgason ,&nbsp;Bruce Johnson ,&nbsp;John W. Pomeroy","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crop and water interactions strongly influence crop production in water-limited dryland agricultural systems in cold regions, such as the Canadian Prairies. A water balance approach was used to quantify crop water use, identify the source of water and corresponding hydrological processes, and evaluate the effectiveness of management techniques to increase agricultural productivity. Detailed water balance observations for 19 site-years were collected at four sites. Crop water use was consistently greater than or equal to growing season precipitation and displayed substantial interannual variation. On average, growing season precipitation provided 66% of crop water use whilst antecedent soil moisture from water surpluses in shoulder and winter seasons and preceding wet years supplied the remainder. Up to 70% of crop water use was derived from non-growing season water sources when high precipitation winters preceded dry growing seasons. Observations of soil moisture, snow accumulation, precipitation, and evaporative fluxes showed substantial spatial and temporal variability in antecedent soil moisture contributions to crop growth, which has implications for agricultural management. The relative importance of antecedent soil water to crop growth decreased with increased growing season precipitation. The water balance observations were used to constrain the water-limited yield potential associated with the optimisation of stubble and crop residue management practices. Increasing retention of snowfall with stubble management and suppression of soil evaporation with increased crop residue cover was estimated to increase potential crop water availability on average by 20% but, depended on seasonal dynamics, ranging between 4 and 48%. These results articulate the complex interactions between cold and warm season hydrological processes that drive dryland agricultural production in Western Canada and constrain the potential for stubble and residue management practices to mitigate crop water extremes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"647 ","pages":"Article 132359"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel feature extraction-selection technique for long lead time agricultural drought forecasting","authors":"Mehdi Mohammadi Ghaleni ,&nbsp;Mansour Moradi ,&nbsp;Mahnoosh Moghaddasi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term drought forecasting plays a crucial role in mitigating drought risks by providing early warnings. Researchers have long been interested in achieving accurate long-term drought forecasting, which is challenging since accuracy generally decreases by increasing the forecasting period. The primary aim of this research is to propose a new method for high-accuracy long lead time drought forecasting by combining various Feature Extraction (FE) and selection techniques. In this study, monthly time-series datasets encompassing precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, runoff, surface and root-zone soil moisture—were utilized to forecast SPEI-6 over various lead times including 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months using global gridded products with a 0.5^O × 0.5^O spatial resolution spanning the years January 1980 to December 2022. The method was evaluated using two different approaches, namely Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) as a simple machine learning technique and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) as a deep learning method. The findings provided improved accuracy, particularly for long-term forecasting when employing the proposed methodology. When utilizing LSTM with FE instead of the original datasets as inputs, the error reduced from RMSE = 0.16 to RMSE = 0.07 (a 56 % decrease), while the correlation increased from R = 0.65 to R = 0.90 (a 38 % increase) when forecasting SPEI-6 12 months ahead. The results showed that the GPR with FE and selection model outperformed the LSTM with original datasets model for SPEI-6 (t + 24) with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9811 and a Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) of 0.1380, compared to R = 0.6517 and NRMSE = 0.4307 for the LSTM with original datasets. These findings can offer valuable insights for early agricultural drought warning in arid areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"647 ","pages":"Article 132332"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeophysical inversion using a physics-based catchment model with hydrological and electromagnetic induction data","authors":"Mark S. Pleasants ,&nbsp;Thijs J. Kelleners ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Parsekian ,&nbsp;Kevin M. Befus ,&nbsp;Gerald N. Flerchinger ,&nbsp;Mark S. Seyfried ,&nbsp;Bradley J. Carr","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132376","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Physics-based catchment models of mountain environments can suffer from equifinality when solely calibrated against streamflow data. Inclusion of intra-catchment data such as soil moisture or groundwater levels in model calibration can reduce equifinality problems, though physical demands of installation and remote field sites can limit their availability. Non-invasive geophysical surveys such as electromagnetic (EM) induction have become practical alternative sources of information on the subsurface. As such, we are interested in addressing the applicability of EM data to directly calibrate hydraulic parameters in physics-based catchment models in hydrogeophysical inversions. This study explores the interrelationships between calibration data, hydraulic parameters, and calibrated model dynamics for a headwater catchment in the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho, USA. Five calibration scenarios and a global sensitivity analysis are performed to quantify the ability of different combinations of hydrological (streamflow, groundwater levels, soil moisture) and EM data (airborne and ground-based surveys) to predict both streamflow and intra-catchment dynamics. Results indicate that calibrating against streamflow data alone yields accurate streamflow but inconsistent intra-catchment predictions (streamflow, groundwater level, and soil moisture average Kling-Gupta efficiency values of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.89, −0.53, and 0.44, respectively). Calibrating against all hydrological data yields reasonable predictions of hydrological dynamics (streamflow, groundwater level, and soil moisture average &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.91, 0.23, and 0.62, respectively), though some calibrated parameter values do not match expectations from literature values. Reasonably accurate hydrological predictions were obtained when including EM data with either streamflow data alone (streamflow, groundwater level, and soil moisture average &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.83, 0.29, and 0.52, respectively) or all hydrological data (streamflow, groundwater level, and soil moisture average &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.87, 0.39, and 0.51, respectively) during calibration. However, EM data alone yields hydraulic parameters that overpredict saturation throughout the catchment (streamflow, groundwater level, and soil moisture average &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.09, −0.57, and 0.37, respectively). These results highlight potential advantages of collecting EM data in catchments with existing streamflow data but poor coverage of intra-catchment hydrological data sets. Additional work regarding petrophysical model parameterizations, objective function definitions, and data set weighting schemes is needed to ensure that the contribution of EM d","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"647 ","pages":"Article 132376"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring different representations of hydraulic tomographic data for deep learning: Sequence or image","authors":"Yuzhe Ji,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zha,&nbsp;Xuezi Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic tomography (HT) has emerged as a cost-efficient approach to infer the heterogeneity of geological media. The application of deep learning to hydraulic inverse problems has shown promising results, including approximating the inverse mapping from HT data to the image of hydraulic conductivity. However, most studies require the conversion of point-form HT data into images, regarding building inverse mapping as an image-image task. This necessitates data preprocessing, introducing human-induced errors. Besides, extracting features from images imposes a greater computational burden. To address these shortcomings, we proposed the utilization of sequence models to build the inverse mapping directly from observational data space to parameter space, thereby enhancing accuracy and reducing computational demands. An assessment was conducted on sequence models and image-to-image regression networks in a synthetic steady-state HT experiment. Comparative analyses were performed under different scenarios, including varying amounts of available data and data noise. Lastly, we applied our method in a synthetic transient HT experiment. Results showed that some sequence models, namely Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Transformer have similar performance compared to the image-to-image regression networks, which are CNN2D and U-Net in this study, but the sequence models have lower computational costs significantly. The Transformer-based model outperforms its closest competitor, achieving an R2 of 0.9666 and an RMSE of 0.1467. It was also found that the Transformer-based model had greater interpretability by analyzing the attention score matrix. The application of our methods in the synthetic transient HT experiment demonstrated the flexibility of using sequence models. Hydrogeologists should prioritize the characteristics of available data when selecting between these two methods and note that data noise can significantly compromise the efficacy of both approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"648 ","pages":"Article 132368"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and quantitative analysis of unfrozen water at ultra-low temperatures: Insights from NMR and MD study","authors":"Zhifeng Ren ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Jiankun Liu ,&nbsp;Pengchang Wei ,&nbsp;Zeyu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unfrozen water, integral to numerous processes such as heat transfer, frost heave, and hydro-thermo-mechanical simulations, has been traditionally studied at 0 ∼ −30 °C, but remains under-investigated at ultra-low temperatures. Understanding this component at ultra-low temperatures and its categorization requires more explorative, quantitative research, particularly considering the ubiquity of frozen soils. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods were employed to characterize and quantify unfrozen water during 0 ∼ −80 °C. Our results indicated that bulk and capillary water could completely freeze at −3°C and −5°C, respectively, but only bound water exists below −10 °C. The evolution of unfrozen water with temperature in MD agreed with our NMR results, where the existence of unfrozen water molecules was due to the breakage of hydrogen bonds in ice molecules and the surface effect of clay. This mechanism elucidated the water–ice-clay atomic system’s role in quantifying experimentally measured unfrozen water content. These findings have important implications for frozen soil engineering, polar region development, artificial freezing technology, and lunar soil exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"647 ","pages":"Article 132354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field and numerical investigation of groundwater flow and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) dynamics in a sandy nearshore aquifer","authors":"Zhenyan Wang ,&nbsp;Clare E. Robinson ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Geng ,&nbsp;Kai Xiao ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuejing Wang ,&nbsp;Wenli Hu ,&nbsp;Manhua Luo ,&nbsp;Hailong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrients delivered to the coastal ocean via submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can have a major impact on marine ecosystems. The flux of nutrients delivered via this pathway can be modified by biogeochemical processes occurring in coastal nearshore aquifers. This study combines field investigations with numerical simulations to characterize patterns of groundwater flow, salinity and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a permeable nearshore aquifer and to quantify SGD and associated DIN fluxes to the ocean. At the field study site, an upper saline plume (USP) and saltwater wedge with low DIN concentrations were observed together with a fresh groundwater zone with high DIN concentrations. Seawater infiltration predominantly occurred in the intertidal zone, contributing 85% of the total infiltration, with the greatest infiltration occurring in the upper-middle intertidal zone. The simulations indicate that the USP expanded and contracted through the tidal cycle, and the width of the high-DIN freshwater discharge zone also varying. The freshwater discharge zone was narrower around the high tide period due to expansion of the overlying low-DIN zone associated with the USP. Over the simulated period, only approximately 30% of the DIN entering the nearshore aquifer ultimately discharged to the ocean. The findings of this combined field and numerical study are needed to inform future field and numerical investigations examining the fate of DIN in nearshore aquifers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"646 ","pages":"Article 132330"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}