Global Energy Interconnection最新文献_第2页

Research on typical operating conditions of hydrogen production system with off-grid wind power considering the characteristics of proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell 考虑质子交换膜电解槽特性的离网风力制氢系统典型运行条件研究

IF 1.9

Global Energy Interconnection Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.10.011

Weiming Peng , Yanhui Xu , Gendi Li , Jie Song , Guizhi Xu , Xiaona Xu , Yan Pan

{"title":"Research on typical operating conditions of hydrogen production system with off-grid wind power considering the characteristics of proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell","authors":"Weiming Peng , Yanhui Xu , Gendi Li , Jie Song , Guizhi Xu , Xiaona Xu , Yan Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen energy, with its abundant reserves, green and low-carbon characteristic, high energy density, diverse sources, and wide applications, is gradually becoming an important carrier in the global energy transformation and development. In this paper, the off-grid wind power hydrogen production system is considered as the research object, and the operating characteristics of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis cell, including underload, overload, variable load, and start- stop are analyzed. On this basis, the characteristic extraction of wind power output data after noise reduction is carried out, and then the self-organizing mapping neural network algorithm is used for clustering to extract typical wind power output scenarios and perform weight distribution based on the statistical probability. The trend and fluctuation components are superimposed to generate the typical operating conditions of an off-grid PEM electrolytic hydrogen production system. The historical output data of an actual wind farm are used for the case study, and the results confirm the feasibility of the method proposed in this study for obtaining the typical conditions of off-grid wind power hydrogen production. The results provide a basis for studying the dynamic operation characteristics of PEM electrolytic hydrogen production systems, and the performance degradation mechanism of PEM electrolysis cells under fluctuating inputs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 642-652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing PID controller parameters for robust automatic voltage regulator system through indirect design approach-2 通过间接设计方法优化稳健型自动电压调节器系统的 PID 控制器参数-2

IF 1.9

Global Energy Interconnection Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.10.009

Mohd Zaidi Mohd Tumari , Mohd Ashraf Ahmad , Mohd Riduwan Ghazali , Mohd Helmi Suid

{"title":"Optimizing PID controller parameters for robust automatic voltage regulator system through indirect design approach-2","authors":"Mohd Zaidi Mohd Tumari , Mohd Ashraf Ahmad , Mohd Riduwan Ghazali , Mohd Helmi Suid","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Automatic voltage regulators (AVR) are designed to manipulate a synchronous generator’s voltage level automatically. Proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are typically used in AVR systems to regulate voltage. Although advanced PID tuning methods have been proposed, the actual voltage response differs from the theoretical predictions due to modeling errors and system uncertainties. This requires continuous fine tuning of the PID parameters. However, manual adjustment of these parameters can compromise the stability and robustness of the AVR system. This study focuses on the online self-tuning of PID controllers called indirect design approach-2 (IDA-2) in AVR systems while preserving robustness. In particular, we indirectly tune the PID controller by shifting the frequency response. The new PID parameters depend on the frequency-shifting constant and the previously optimized PID parameters. Adjusting the frequency-shifting constant modifies all the PID parameters simultaneously, thereby improving the control performance and robustness. We evaluate the robustness of the proposed online PID tuning method by comparing the gain margins (GMs) and phase margins (PMs) with previously optimized PID parameters during parameter uncertainties. The proposed method is further evaluated in terms of disturbance rejection, measurement noise, and frequency response analysis during parameter uncertainty calculations against existing methods. Simulations show that the proposed method significantly improves the robustness of the controller in the AVR system. In summary, online self-tuning enables automated PID parameter adjustment in an AVR system, while maintaining stability and robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 682-696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating and predicting the role of photovoltaic, wind, and hydrogen energies in sustainable global energy evolution 调查和预测光伏、风能和氢能在全球可持续能源发展中的作用

IF 1.9

Global Energy Interconnection Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.009

Mahmood Swadi , Dheyaa Jasim Kadhim , Mohamed Salem , Firas Mohammed Tuaimah , Ammar Sabri. Majeed , Ali Jawad Alrubaie

{"title":"Investigating and predicting the role of photovoltaic, wind, and hydrogen energies in sustainable global energy evolution","authors":"Mahmood Swadi , Dheyaa Jasim Kadhim , Mohamed Salem , Firas Mohammed Tuaimah , Ammar Sabri. Majeed , Ali Jawad Alrubaie","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global shift toward next-generation energy systems is propelled by the urgent need to combat climate change and the dwindling supply of fossil fuels. This review explores the intricate challenges and opportunities for transitioning to sustainable renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydrogen. This transition economically challenges traditional energy sectors while fostering new industries, promoting job growth, and sustainable economic development. The transition to renewable energy demands social equity, ensuring universal access to affordable energy, and considering community impact. The environmental benefits include a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a lesser ecological footprint. This study highlights the rapid growth of the global wind power market, which is projected to increase from $112.23 billion in 2022 to $278.43 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 13.67%. In addition, the demand for hydrogen is expected to increase, significantly impacting the market with potential cost reductions and making it a critical renewable energy source owing to its affordability and zero emissions. By 2028, renewables are predicted to account for 42% of global electricity generation, with significant contributions from wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, particularly in China, the European Union, the United States, and India. These developments signify a global commitment to diversifying energy sources, reducing emissions, and moving toward cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions. This review offers stakeholders the insights required to smoothly transition to sustainable energy, setting the stage for a resilient future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 429-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000690/pdf?md5=eff79ff67e3a3421e6aab2553ce9b73a&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000690-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under DC bias based on finite element method 基于有限元法的直流偏置下 110 千伏变压器的振动和噪声机理

IF 1.9

Global Energy Interconnection Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.012

Ziyang Li , Xujun Lang , Bo Yang , Xiaolin Liu , Hao Wang , Zhang Li

{"title":"Vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under DC bias based on finite element method","authors":"Ziyang Li , Xujun Lang , Bo Yang , Xiaolin Liu , Hao Wang , Zhang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global energy and environmental issues are becoming increasingly problematic, and the vibration and noise problem of 110 kV transformers, which are the most widely distributed, have attracted widespread attention from both inside and outside the industry. DC bias is one of the main contributing factors to vibration noise during the normal operation of transformers. To clarify the vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under a DC bias, a multi-field coupling model of a 110 kV transformer was established using the finite element method. The electromagnetic, vibration, and noise characteristics during the DC bias process were compared and quantified through field circuit coupling in parallel with the power frequency of AC, harmonic, and DC power sources. It was found that a DC bias can cause significant distortions in the magnetic flux density, force, and displacement distributions of the core and winding. The contributions of the DC bias effect to the core and winding are different at <em>K</em>dc = 0.85. At this point, the core approached saturation, and the increase in the core force and displacement slowed. However, the saturation of the core increased the leakage flux, and the stress and displacement of the winding increased faster. The sound field distribution characteristics of the 110 kV transformer under a DC bias are related to the force characteristics. When the DC bias coefficient was 1.25, the noise sound pressure level reached 73.6 dB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 503-512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000720/pdf?md5=664a1104150c92fc42fb9015d7421a6a&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000720-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collaborative robust dispatch of electricity and carbon under carbon allowance trading market 碳配额交易市场下的电力与碳协同稳健调度

IF 1.9

Global Energy Interconnection Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.003

Songyu Wu , Xiaoyan Qi , Xiang Li , Xuanyu Liu , Bolin Tong , Feiyu Zhang , Zhong Zhang

{"title":"Collaborative robust dispatch of electricity and carbon under carbon allowance trading market","authors":"Songyu Wu , Xiaoyan Qi , Xiang Li , Xuanyu Liu , Bolin Tong , Feiyu Zhang , Zhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The launch of the carbon-allowance trading market has changed the cost structure of the power industry. There is an asynchronous coupling mechanism between the carbon-allowance-trading market and the day-ahead power-system dispatch. In this study, a data-driven model of the uncertainty in the annual carbon price was created. Subsequently, a collaborative, robust dispatch model was constructed considering the annual uncertainty of the carbon price and the daily uncertainty of renewable-energy generation. The model is solved using the column-and-constraint generation algorithm. An operation and cost model of a carbon-capture power plant (CCPP) that couples the carbon market and the economic operation of the power system is also established. The critical, profitable conditions for the economic operation of the CCPP were derived. Case studies demonstrated that the proposed low-carbon, robust dispatch model reduced carbon emissions by 2.67% compared with the traditional, economic, dispatch method. The total fuel cost of generation decreases with decreasing, conservative, carbon-price-uncertainty levels, while total carbon emissions continue to increase. When the carbon-quota coefficient decreases, the system dispatch tends to increase low-carbon unit output. This study can provide important guidance for carbon-market design and the low-carbon-dispatch selection strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 391-401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209651172400063X/pdf?md5=db99d0f4250e25bcb0b52d6852b124ca&pid=1-s2.0-S209651172400063X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on green power supply modes for heavy load in remote areas 偏远地区重负荷绿色供电模式研究

IF 1.9

Global Energy Interconnection Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.011

Yu Li , Yixi Cuomu , Yiming Gao , Guoqin Lv , Weiwei Lin , Sirui Li , Changchun Zhou

引用次数: 0

Improved combustion stability of biogas at different CO2 concentrations using inhomogeneous partially premixed stratified flames 利用非均质部分预混合分层火焰提高不同二氧化碳浓度下沼气的燃烧稳定性

IF 1.9

Global Energy Interconnection Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.008

Mohy Saad Mansour , Maged Kiriakos , Lili Hao , Mohamed Amr Serag-Eldin

{"title":"Improved combustion stability of biogas at different CO2 concentrations using inhomogeneous partially premixed stratified flames","authors":"Mohy Saad Mansour , Maged Kiriakos , Lili Hao , Mohamed Amr Serag-Eldin","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biogas is a renewable and clean energy source that plays an important role in the current environment of low- carbon transition. If high-content CO<sub>2</sub> in biogas can be separated, transformed, and utilized, it not only realizes high-value utilization of biogas but also promotes carbon reduction in the biogas field. To improve the combustion stability of biogas, an inhomogeneous, partially premixed stratified (IPPS) combustion model was adopted in this study. The thermal flame structure and stability were investigated for a wide range of mixture inhomogeneities, turbulence levels, CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, air-to-fuel velocity ratios, and combustion energies in a concentric flow slot burner (CFSB). A fine-wire thermocouple is used to resolve the thermal flame structure. The flame size was reduced by increasing the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and the flames became lighter blue. The flame temperature also decreased with increase in CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Flame stability was reduced by increasing the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. However, at a certain level of mixture inhomogeneity, the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the IPPS mode did not affect the stability. Accordingly, the IPPS mode of combustion should be suitable for the combustion and stabilization of biogas. This should support the design of highly stabilized biogas turbulent flames independent of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The data show that the lower stability conditions are partially due to the change in fuel combustion energy, which is characterized by the Wobbe index (WI). In addition, at a certain level of mixture inhomogeneity, the effect of the WI on flame stability becomes dominant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 486-502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000689/pdf?md5=5a3e3030e3ebeff05b20d88b39630d78&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000689-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic optimal allocation of energy storage systems integrated within photovoltaic based on a dual timescale dynamics model 基于双时间尺度动力学模型的光伏一体化储能系统的动态优化配置

IF 1.9

Global Energy Interconnection Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.005

Kecun Li , Zhenyu Huang , Youbo Liu , Yaser Qudaih , Junyong Liu

{"title":"Dynamic optimal allocation of energy storage systems integrated within photovoltaic based on a dual timescale dynamics model","authors":"Kecun Li , Zhenyu Huang , Youbo Liu , Yaser Qudaih , Junyong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energy storage systems (ESSs) operate as independent market participants and collaborate with photovoltaic (PV) generation units to enhance the flexible power supply capabilities of PV units. However, the dynamic variations in the profitability of ESSs in the electricity market are yet to be fully understood. This study introduces a dual-timescale dynamics model that integrates a spot market clearing (SMC) model into a system dynamics (SD) model to investigate the profit-aware capacity growth of ESSs and compares the profitability of independent energy storage systems (IESSs) with that of an ESS integrated within a PV (PV-ESS). Furthermore, this study aims to ascertain the optimal allocation of the PV-ESS. First, SD and SMC models were set up. Second, the SMC model simulated on an hourly timescale was incorporated into the SD model as a subsystem, a dual-timescale model was constructed. Finally, a development simulation and profitability analysis was conducted from 2022 to 2040 to reveal the dynamic optimal range of PV-ESS allocation. Additionally, negative electricity prices were considered during clearing processes. The simulation results revealed differences in profitability and capacity growth between IESS and PV-ESS, helping grid investors and policymakers to determine the boundaries of ESSs and dynamic optimal allocation of PV-ESSs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 415-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000653/pdf?md5=9794bcf15f3b9eeb9ab23745acbe57bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000653-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of the carbon market on investment benefits of power-grid enterprises in China: A system dynamics analysis 碳市场对中国电网企业投资效益的影响：系统动力学分析

IF 1.9

Global Energy Interconnection Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.007

Wanning Mao , Liang Hu , Wenjuan Niu , Xiaorong Sun , Lili Hao , Abimbola Susan Ajagun

{"title":"Impact of the carbon market on investment benefits of power-grid enterprises in China: A system dynamics analysis","authors":"Wanning Mao , Liang Hu , Wenjuan Niu , Xiaorong Sun , Lili Hao , Abimbola Susan Ajagun","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The power grid, as the hub connecting the power supply and consumption sides, plays an important role in achieving carbon neutrality in China. In emerging carbon markets, assessing the investment benefits of power-grid enterprises is essential. Thus, studying the impact of the carbon market on the investment and operation of power- grid enterprises is key to ensuring their efficient operation. Notably, few studies have examined the interaction between the carbon and electricity markets using system dynamics models, highlighting a research gap in this area. This study investigates the impact of the carbon market on the investment of power-grid enterprises using a novel evaluation system based on a system dynamics model that considers carbon-emissions from an established carbon-emission accounting model. First, an index system for benefit evaluation was constructed from six aspects: financing ability, economic benefit, reliability, social responsibility, user satisfaction, and carbon-emissions. A system dynamics model was then developed to reflect the causal feedback relationship between the impact of the carbon market on the investment and operation of power-grid enterprises. The simulation results of a provincial power-grid enterprise analyze comprehensive investment evaluation benefits over a 10-year period and the impact of carbon emissions on the investment and operation of power-grid enterprises. This study provides guidelines for the benign development of power-grid enterprises within the context of the carbon market.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 402-414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000677/pdf?md5=d86f88524de60b4f81c75ab936888189&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000677-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimized scheduling of integrated energy systems for low carbon economy considering carbon transaction costs 考虑碳交易成本的低碳经济综合能源系统优化调度

IF 1.9

Global Energy Interconnection Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.010

Chao Liu , Weiru Wang , Jing Li , Xinyuan Liu , Yongning Chi

{"title":"Optimized scheduling of integrated energy systems for low carbon economy considering carbon transaction costs","authors":"Chao Liu , Weiru Wang , Jing Li , Xinyuan Liu , Yongning Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the introduction of the “dual carbon” goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development, the integrated energy system (IES) has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions. This study proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an IES that considers carbon trading costs. With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the IES and considering the transferable and curtailable characteristics of the electric and thermal flexible loads, an optimal scheduling model of the IES that considers the cost of carbon trading and flexible loads on the user side was established. The role of flexible loads in improving the economy of an energy system was investigated using examples, and the rationality and effectiveness of the study were verified through a comparative analysis of different scenarios. The results showed that the total cost of the system in different scenarios was reduced by 18.04%, 9.1%, 3.35%, and 7.03%, respectively, whereas the total carbon emissions of the system were reduced by 65.28%, 20.63%, 3.85%, and 18.03%, respectively, when the carbon trading cost and demand-side flexible electric and thermal load responses were considered simultaneously. Flexible electrical and thermal loads did not have the same impact on the system performance. In the analyzed case, the total cost and carbon emissions of the system when only the flexible electrical load response was considered were lower than those when only the flexible thermal load response was taken into account. Photovoltaics have an excess of carbon trading credits and can profit from selling them, whereas other devices have an excess of carbon trading and need to buy carbon credits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 377-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000707/pdf?md5=cdfba3c7d664931949b8ff15d4a5c2ed&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000707-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0