Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Phonological Documentation of the Punan Language: Treating and Healing Malaysia: A Critical Analysis of Najib Razak’s Metaphors","authors":"Farrah Diebaa Rashid Ali","doi":"10.47298/jala.v3-i3-a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v3-i3-a2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the vocational roles constructed by Najib Razak, the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia for himself, the government, and the relational identities for the people and others in nine Supply Bills (2010 – 2018). I have modelled this study on Charteris-Black’s Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) and Sack’s Membership Categorisation Analysis (MCA) as frameworks. The findings indicate that Najib Razak and the government played a role as medical doctor while the people and others have been conceptualised as patients and pre-term babies, experiencing a global economic downturn, an Asian Financial Crisis, poverty, and bribery. The people and others as patients must depend on the government for health and recovery. This experience emphasises the independent, heroic role enacted by the government, and the weak, sunjugated role expected of the people and others. Through these metaphors, the people were reminded of the fact that, without the government to heal the people, the country can not develop its metaphorical health. As sush, the use of metaphors in the Supply Bills serves predicative, empathetic, ideological and mythical purposes.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86662338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Text in the Social Life of Ethnic Groups in Vietnam","authors":"Quang Tung Ta, Van Thong Ta","doi":"10.47298/jala.v3-i3-a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v3-i3-a4","url":null,"abstract":"More than half of ethnic groups in Vietnam have their own scripts. These writing systems are fairly diverse in terms of forms, origins, changes, and social functions. In Vietnam nowadays, except Quốc ngữ writing (Quoc ngu - the script of the Vietnamese), other writing systems do not have positive social functions or significant roles in the social life. Language education and language interactions in the areas of ethnic minority people do not generally include the writing. Many ethnic minority groups are at risk of losing their languages and their traditional cultures maintained and developed through their mother tongues. Writing can help manage this risk as shown in the example of the Quốc ngữ writing. What can be done to diffuse and use writing more effectively? This is an urgent issue for the writing systems in the social life of ethnic minority groups in Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89762443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phonological Documentation of the Punan Language: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Zeckqualine Melai, Ivy Anak Rigar","doi":"10.47298/jala.v3-i3-a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v3-i3-a1","url":null,"abstract":"The Punans are one of several indigenous communities in Sarawak, Borneo, having settled in the Kemena river basin, in Bintulu and in Belaga, at the upper reaches of the Rejang river. The total population of the Punans, recorded by the Punan National Association (PNA 2019) was 4790 in 2019, a number that will likely decrease over the years and without recourse to elavation. The Punan language is categorized as threatened (Asmah Omar, 2017; Ethnologue, 2019), suggesting that the number of its speakers has rapidly declined over many years. This paper presents a preliminary study on the phonological system of the Punan language, for the purpose of preserving the language. In this study, we adopt a descriptive approach, largely popularized by Bloomfield, and as such, we focus on the phonological features of the Punan language. In order to obtain Punan language data, we employed an open recording method, to video document informal speech and conversation. we revorded all language during face to face interactions with respondents. Ultlimately, in this study, we determined that the Punan language contains 18 consonants, six vowels, four diphthongs and two triphthongs.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80266059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Revitalization of the Portuguese Language in Timor-Leste","authors":"K. Indart","doi":"10.47298/jala.v3-i2-a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v3-i2-a2","url":null,"abstract":"Timor-Leste is a multilingual nation, comprising its indigenous languages, yet also languages from abroad, which all coexist within the boundaries of the country. As a former Portuguese colony, the country has showcased a Portuguese language as its official language during its colonial era. However, since that period, and hence throughout its history, the country has transited through the use of several official languages. With the country’s independence in 2002, the newly formed constitution instituted Portuguese and Tetum as the official and instructional languages, although the Portuguese language is currently spoken by only part of the population. The study finds that, through decipherment of the language ideologies of the sample set cohort, the use of the language appears to correlate with the myth of national origin, with the construction of national identity, and the establishment of the (nation) state, presenting a transcendental signifier, or at least master narrative. I also include ‘mystics’ as a category, that is, those who bind the Portuguese language to the invisible and miraculous forces construed as resurrecting a dying national ideal. Those with pragmatic intentions seek evidence for progress in the implementation of the language and its policies, while those with idealistic intentions view any movement as a journey towards progress. This confidence in the future of the language and nation state, mediated by language ideologies, is multi-layered, and conceptions vary substantially.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80685546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Linguistic Anthropology of Asian Laughters: Correlating two Contexts","authors":"Xia Yihui","doi":"10.47298/jala.v3-i2-a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v3-i2-a4","url":null,"abstract":"Laughter is a pervasive human behavior that is frequently transcribed into written texts as ‘laughter onomatopoeia’ (LO), to represent the sound of laughter and various emotions within a specific context. Particularly, LO have a rich pragmatic impact on the facilitating of communications (Xia 2021). A such, this study discusses the (LO) of animation in texts in Chinese contexts, and erects a comparison with its translation into Japanese. In particular, the study focuses on the analysis of the interjection and sentence-ending particle as discourse markers in both languages and both cultural contexts. The results of the study suggest that speakers of both Chinese and Japanese employ various LOs to in their pragmatic application of their respective languages, yet these LOs differ between the two languages. For example, in the Chinese context, LOs depicting laughter in social interaction can signify the intention to maintain friendly relations, or to resolve problematic interactions. In the Japanese context, however, speakers largely avoid LO, as such discourse can increase tensions and antagonism between interlocutors.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81720330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Study on the Use of Epithets in Kenyah Long Wat","authors":"Lisbeth Sinan Lendik, M. Chan","doi":"10.47298/jala.v3-i1-a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v3-i1-a3","url":null,"abstract":"Social status has long been a point of reference in addressing the individual. As observed in the Kenyah Long Wat community, members of a family are given epithets upon life events such as birth and death to signify their new status. Although the creation and use of epithets in indexing life events may be customary in many communities, the types and variety of linguistic forms used in different speech communities may well provide a lens through which the social practices of an indigenous community can be appreciated. This article describes the epithets found in the Kenyah Long Wat language, which will ground further sociolinguistic study of the language. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with speakers of the language to obtain information on epithets and the socio-cultural events, beliefs and linguistic resources that surround the creation and conferment of epithets.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83133539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous knowledge and Language Revival in Post-colonial Education in Papua New Guinea","authors":"Cláudio da Silva, C. Volker","doi":"10.47298/jala.v3-i1-a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v3-i1-a4","url":null,"abstract":"Although Papua New Guinea (PNG) has more languages than any other country in the world, the education system in PNG inherited at Independence from Australia in 1975 is modelled on the Australian system and is therefore monolingual and centralised. Children in PNG are currently educated in English, a language they rarely encounter outside of school, with curriculum and textbooks produced by persons not from the students’ own cultural background, often overseas or by resident foreigners. An ineffectively organised attempt by the national government to introduce limited early education in local languages and the perception that educational standards have dropped since Independence in 1975 limit public support for education in Papua New Guinean languages (Volker 2015a). This paper describes a two-month inter-disciplinary workshop in the Nalik-speaking community in the New Ireland Province (NIP) of PNG. Nalik, one of 23 languages in New Ireland Province, is spoken by approximately 4000 people in 15 villages on the east and west coasts of the northern part of New Ireland, 70-90 kilometres from the provincial capital, Kavieng (Volker 2015b, 210). The purpose of the project was to test ways of introducing customary knowledge and language into grade six and seven classwork (Silva 2017). The workshop focused on the representations that birds have in Nalik culture, as birds are present in many stories and represent clan totems in Nalik culture. Thus, they play a central role in Nalik culture, helping people to understand philosophical principles at the core of Nalik society and to identify particularly significant words and expressions in the Nalik culture. The children in the workshop were given the research task of interviewing elders about local bird names, traditional laws about birds, and stories or narratives related to birds. The students researched significant Nalik biological or philosophical terms, described these in English, and linked these to their knowledge in the social and natural sciences. Because they were aware that their findings would be collectively published as a book, students exercised caution and precision in their use of both Nalik and English terminology. Following the production of the book, and by using an action-research method, Nalik community members assisted in the content of the book, and in this way limited errors outside researchers might have introduced when writing about their culture. The project received strong support from parents and community leaders, with one chief attending almost all sessions in order to eventually lead similar workshops. Rather than as an attempt at a complete language revival (e.g., as in much more comprehensive projects set out by Fishman 2001), this project must be seen as a first, but important, attempt to assist students to increase their awareness of Nalik language, and to improve their desire to be competent in both the language of education (English) and their ancestral language (Nalik","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79009596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waves of Language Diversity Loss in Japan: An Ecological and Theoretical Account","authors":"Patrick Heinrich","doi":"10.47298/jala.v3-i1-a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v3-i1-a2","url":null,"abstract":"Linguistic diversity has seen two large waves of the loss of linguistic diversity across history. The first wave occurred with the transition from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies, a process that started 11,000 years ago with the Neolithic revolution when agrarian societies colonized territories of hunter-gatherer communities. The second wave started with the establishment of modern nation states and the creation and diffusion of national languages. It is in the latter setting that the vast majority of language endangerment cases are set today. Endangered languages are predominantly replaced by national languages (and not by global English). The institutions of the ‘nation state’ and of ‘national language’ constitute fundamental problems for ethnolinguistic minorities, because their establishment entail the threat of either exclusion or assimilation of these minorities from the nation. In such a situation, minority language and their speakers do usually not fare well. Without altering the modernist language ecologies that exist in modern nation states, language maintenance and revitalization activities are bound to fail in their principal objectives. In this paper, I examine the rise of language nationalism in Japan in the Meiji period (1868-1912), depict how it led to language endangerment, and show how it continues to shape believes about language in contemporary Japan, also within endangered language revitalization activities and policies themselves. Language revitalization requires language ideological clarification, a recalibration of the relations between majority and minorities, and fundamentally new language policies. In the final part, I report on partial changes that can be seen in this direction for the case of the endangered Ainu and Ryukyuan languages in Japan, and analyze to what extent the local language revitalization movements and efforts have so far succeeded in “remaking social reality” (Fishman 1991: 411) together with the majority population of Japan.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79413051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Javanese Tensions: Revitalizing Javanese amidst Old and New Symbolisms; Toward a Linguistic Anthropology","authors":"Michael Hadzantonis","doi":"10.47298/jala.v3-i1-a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v3-i1-a1","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesian nationalism has significantly influenced its local languages. The national slogan Unity in Diversity has been appropriated throughout Indonesia, particularly in the Javanese province. Javanese language trends have thus become a model for a larger Indonesia, where Javanese people have negotiated their ethnic symbolisms to benefit local and national intentions. However, tensions have formed in Java between heritage, nationalism and neoliberal requirements, rendering Javanese language revitalization conflictual. This paper draws on an ethnography of Javanese urban centres, to describe patterns of language revitalization. Through a symbolic interactionist approach, the paper analyzes Javanese language ideologies and symbolisms documented in these urban centres, to describe emerging language practices. The discussion progresses to present how Bahasa Campur, a mix of several languages, has repositioned these language communities to negotiate their tensions. The paper contributes to anthropological scholarship by presenting how global and local forces alter the practices and symbolisms of languages communities.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89171121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language, Gender, and Ideology: Media-induced Linguistic Innovation in Female Address Terms in China","authors":"Jing Lei, Rao Yufang","doi":"10.47298/jala.v2-i4-a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v2-i4-a3","url":null,"abstract":"As we enter the 21st century, we find ourselves living in intensified globalization, characterized by global cultural flows of people, technologies, money, images, and ideas (Appadurai 2020). Language is evolving in response to socio-cultural changes. As such, linguistic innovations via mass media offer a particularly interesting locus to track such global flows. This paper aims to study how popular lexicons in female address terms have emerged out of digital communication and have been widely used and interpreted by different communities interacting with mass media in contemporary China. As China is increasingly integrated into the global economy, the widespread of media networks, such as WeChat, QQ and Microblogs, has increasingly provided Chinese citizens with access to new words and new ways of using old forms. The study thus enquires as to the origin of these linguistic innovations, the linguistic resources required to bring about such changes, the motives for developing such online resources, and the responses by Chinese citizens to these media-induced language changes. By addressing these issues, this paper is oriented toward exploring the role of mass media in language change as well as the relationship between language, identity and ideology, in China, in the context of globalization. Our findings suggest that Chinese female address terms have emerged via mass media, by coining, borrowing, reapprorpiating older forms for new meanings, and by employing multimodality. These media-induced language innovations are not simple responses to the broader socio-cultural changes occurring inside and outside of China. Instead, Chinese citizens, through creating, using, or promulgating new popular lexicons, are able to construct, negotiate, and make sense of multiple selves across those digital spaces. Therefore, Chinese mass media has generated a network of “figured worlds”, within which individuals' identities and agencies form dialectically and dialogically in global cultural processes (Holland et al. 1998). In particular, the circulation of certain female address terms across digital spaces involves the enregisterment of words as part of a sexist register, which has perpetuated the ideologies of male dominance in contemporary China. Both individual and institutional efforts have been made to respond to such sexism and reconstruct gender images and identities.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85611752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}