Physics Open最新文献

{"title":"Radiation shielding properties of selenium-based lead borate PbO-SeO2-B2O3 glass for X-ray and gamma radiation","authors":"Suleman Muhammad ,&nbsp;Seema Mukamil ,&nbsp;Iltaf Muhammad ,&nbsp;Sang Peng ,&nbsp;Kunning Niu ,&nbsp;Zan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The radiation shielding properties of selenium-based lead borate glass systems <em>x</em>SeO₂ + (25-<em>x</em>) B₂O₃ + 75PbO (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) were investigated using the MCNPx simulation and the Phy-x/PSD program in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. The density increased with the substitution of SeO₂ contents due to the replacement of B₂O₃ (69.62 g/mol) by SeO₂ (110.96 g/mol) in the host glass, enhancing the glass compactness. In addition, the Se²⁺ takes up substitute regions in the structure, which lowers the molar volume and contributes to stiffness and stability. The samples' mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) decreased with increasing energy. As energy increases, more radiation penetrates, leading to a decrease in the MAC and LAC. At 0.1 MeV, the MAC values for the S4 sample, with a density of 5.702 g/cm³, are 4.68552 cm²/g, whereas at 0.5 MeV, they are 0.14928 cm²/g, indicating more attenuation with increasing energy. The HVL ranges from 0.00129 to 2.41029 cm, while the TVL ranges from 0.00429 to 8.00682 cm, respectively. The S1 glass exhibited higher HVL values, whereas the S4 sample showed the lowest HVL values, indicating it is the most effective attenuation glass. The effective atomic number (Z_<em>eff</em>) varies randomly with energy, representing different photon-matter interactions in specific energy ranges. The S4 glass exhibits the highest value of Z_<em>eff</em> at 15 MeV, ranging from 79.65085 to 52.07709. The results confirm that the investigated glass samples can be a radiation shielding material for X-rays rooms and γ-rays in medicine, cosmology, hospitals, and nuclear physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface-engineered al/SWCNT-resin composite wires with improved electrical and mechanical performance","authors":"Hossein Ghaforyan ,&nbsp;Habib Khalilpour ,&nbsp;Majid Ebrahimzadeh ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Farhangmehr ,&nbsp;Emin Argun Oral ,&nbsp;Fatma Nur Tuzluca Yesilbag ,&nbsp;Yasar Ozkan Yesilbag ,&nbsp;Sedanur Keles ,&nbsp;Mehmet Ertugrul","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the fabrication and characterisation of novel ultra-conductive aluminium wires achieved through the conformal coating of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a unique sandwich composite structure (Al/SWCNT-resin). Electrothermal characterisation results indicated a significant enhancement in thermal stability and effective suppression of thermal runaway at high current densities in the composite wires compared to pure Aluminium, despite a marginal increase in electrical resistivity. Notably, the Al/SWCNT-resin composite wire exhibited a resistivity of 2.965 μΩ cm and ampacity of 1.45 × 10⁴ A cm⁻². These findings highlight the substantial potential of the Al/SWCNT-resin composite wire as an advanced conductor for high-current applications that require superior thermal and long-term durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simulation study to achieve PeV-scale neutrino–proton collisions via staggered beamlines","authors":"Tome Anticic","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel accelerator-based method to achieve neutrino–proton interactions at energies from 10 to 100 PeV in a controlled laboratory environment. By employing a staggered configuration of a pion decay tunnel and a proton beamline, the method effectively counters neutrino beam divergence, forming repeated overlaps between narrow neutrino beams and the proton beam. Simulations, using parameters from the Future Circular Collider and including muon cooling to enhance event rates, demonstrate the potential to generate hundreds to thousands of events annually at these ultra-high energies. While the proposed setup presents very significant technological challenges, it could potentially open a new energy range in neutrino physics, enabling precise measurements of neutrino-nucleon cross-sections needed for interpreting high-energy astrophysical neutrino signals and for testing fundamental physics. Beyond the specific implementation explored here, the staggered beamline technique could be a basis for future novel accelerator designs. Integration with emerging technologies like muon colliders could overcome limitations in beam focusing, emittance, or target durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical Systems describing matter dominating era in Modified Tele-Parallel Gravity","authors":"R.C. Tefo ,&nbsp;K.P. Mathos ,&nbsp;M.G. Ganiou ,&nbsp;F. Mavoa ,&nbsp;M.J.S. Houndjo","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate in the present paper, cosmological dynamical system describing matter evolution era under modified teleparallel theory of gravity. After reconstructing general cosmological dynamical system depending on the parameter <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span> which is function of the Hubble parameter, we explore three different cases of matter dominated era. First, we start with an antaz asymptotic value <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> characterizing matter domination era. Secondly, the present work reveals two other new asymptotic values of the parameter <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span>, namely <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> corresponding to stiff matter evolution era at early time and dust matter evolution era at late time, respectively. This approach is based on Zel’dovich proposal according to what universe may be filled by stiff matter after inflation and before the radiation epoch. Under analytical and numerical analysis of the reconstructed autonomous dynamical system, the obtained stable fixed point of each evolution era, through its coordinates, leads to <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> corresponding to phantom-like evolution with dark energy as candidate. This result confirms those existing in literature and suitably cited in this work. Furthermore, matter evolution era can be reached when the dynamical system is rendered non-autonomous. Our approach permits to challenge the reconstruction of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> models describing dark energy when scalar factor of stiff and dust matter is applied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Track constraint of a bead on a large circular hoop under the influence of gravity and elasticity","authors":"Yuan-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In theoretical mechanics and engineering, the problem of constrained object motion is frequently encountered, where track geometries inherently restrict the trajectories of moving bodies. In real-world scenarios, friction introduces additional complexity, rendering the forces acting on objects and their motion along tracks more intricate and thus requiring in-depth analysis. This study examines the constrained motion of a bead on a large circular hoop situated in a vertical plane, subject to gravitational and elastic forces. Using Newton’s second law in the natural coordinate system, we derived the governing equations for the bead’s motion on the hoop and solved them numerically. Results show that the amplitude of the bead’s oscillations increases with higher initial angular velocities. Additionally, an increase in the spring stiffness coefficient causes the elastic force to gradually overcome gravity, altering the system’s stable equilibrium point. The friction coefficient significantly influences both the number of rotations and the oscillatory dynamics of the bead. When non-zero frictional forces are present, the system exhibits stable focal points and unstable saddle points, with the bead demonstrating a higher likelihood of settling at the stable focal points. This research provides valuable insights for physics education and engineering applications involving constrained mechanical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, electronic, and optical properties of topological semimetal ZrSn3: A DFT study for optoelectronic and quantum device applications","authors":"Farid Alam ,&nbsp;Md Robayet Ahasan ,&nbsp;Jamal Uddin Ahamed","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cubic α-BiF₃-type topological semimetal zirconium tin (ZrSn₃) is a promising candidate for next-generation quantum and optoelectronic applications due to its unique electronic topology and strong light-matter interactions. In this study, we present a comprehensive first-principles investigation of the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of ZrSn₃ using density functional theory (DFT). The optimized lattice parameter (a = 5.23 Å) and elastic constants satisfy the Born-Huang criteria, confirming mechanical stability. Mechanical analysis reveals a semi-brittle nature (Pugh's ratio G/B = 0.64), moderate hardness (∼7.7 GPa), and good machinability (B/C₄₄ = 1.48), indicating resilience for device fabrication and structural integrity under stress.</div><div>Electronic band structure analysis reveals Dirac-like crossings near the Fermi level, a compensated Fermi surface with both electron- and hole-like pockets, and strong hybridization between Zr-4d and Sn-5p orbitals. Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) calculations confirm the robustness of these features, introducing minor band splitting without gap opening, thereby preserving the topological character.</div><div>The optical response is equally notable: ZrSn₃ exhibits high infrared reflectivity (&gt;50 %), a large static refractive index, and broad absorption extending into the ultraviolet region. Most importantly, the energy-loss function identifies a dominant bulk plasmon resonance at ∼8.7 eV, consistent with collective electron oscillations. A secondary feature near 15.2 eV is interpreted as a weaker satellite peak or higher-lying interband transition, refining previous interpretations of the material's dielectric behavior.</div><div>These multifunctional properties collectively highlight ZrSn₃'s potential for quantum electronics, infrared optoelectronics, UV photodetectors, plasmonic devices, and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optical components. Overall, this study confirms the intrinsic stability, topological robustness, and tunable optical characteristics of ZrSn₃, positioning it as a versatile platform for future quantum and optoelectronic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain effects on the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of SrTiO3","authors":"A. Ou-khouya ,&nbsp;I. Ait Brahim ,&nbsp;A. Houba ,&nbsp;H. Mes-Adi ,&nbsp;M. Tahiri","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of triaxial strain on the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of the perovskite oxide SrTiO₃ using first-principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) within the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA), as implemented in the WIEN2k code. Compressive and tensile strains were systematically applied to explore their impact on the material's behavior. The results show that the crystal structure retains its cubic symmetry under all strain conditions. The electronic bandgap is found to decrease under tensile strain and increase under compressive strain, with values ranging from 1.99 eV to 3.41 eV. Optical analysis reveals that tensile strain enhances both light absorption and optical conductivity in the visible and ultraviolet regions. Thermoelectric properties were evaluated using the BoltzTraP code, highlighting the evolution of the Seebeck coefficient, power factor, and electrical and thermal conductivities at 300 K and 800 K. These findings provide insights into strain engineering of SrTiO₃ for advanced optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the energy storage capabilities and dielectric temperature stability of Er3+modified-Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based high entropy ceramics via defect engineering","authors":"Hongfen Ji ,&nbsp;Ziyue Pan ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaomiao Ji ,&nbsp;Jiayu Ren ,&nbsp;Miao Li ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Pan ,&nbsp;Lipeng Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-entropy ferroelectric ceramics (Bi_0.43-0.45xNa_0.24-0.36xK_0.06-0.09xEr_0.6xSr_0.27) (Ti_0.87Mg_0.09Ni_0.04)O₃ were synthesized by solid-state reaction, which was designed on defect engineering to optimize electrical performance by controlling the bidirectional substitution characteristics of Er³⁺ ions, All samples exhibit a mixed perovskite structure with rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, uniform grain size, clear grain boundaries, and acceptable density. As the doping level increases, the average grain size first increases to 2.87 μm, then decreases. Impedance analysis showed that defect concentration initially decreased, then increased with higher doping due to A-site cation vacancies. The dielectric constant decreased, but with 3 mol % Er³⁺ doping, temperature stability improved (115–359 °C, 41 % higher than undoped). The cation and oxygen vacancies introduced by Er³⁺ ion doping form defect dipoles, reducing oxygen vacancy concentration, thereby enhancing breakdown field strength and improving energy storage efficiency. The energy density W_rec is 1.83 J/cm³ with an energy efficiency of 66.7 % Under a 170 kV/cm electric field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear and nonlinear polarizabilities of anharmonic oscillators from hypergeometric resummation","authors":"Thomas Garm Pedersen","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of crystal tetrahedral and octahedral voids on the radiation shielding properties of iron-based spinels","authors":"Oki Ade Putra ,&nbsp;Dhani Nur Indra Syamputra ,&nbsp;Fariz Budi Arafat","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates six iron-based spinel compounds (Fe₃O₄, MnFe₂O₄, NiFe₂O₄, CoFe₂O₄, ZnFe₂O₄, and CuFe₂O₄) as potential candidates for radiation shielding materials. Using the NIST XCOM photon cross-sections (cross-checked with Phy-X/PSD) across 0.015–15 MeV, key shielding parameters were evaluated, including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). Additionally, atomistic parameters such as the effective atomic number (Z_eff), electron density (N_eff), and equivalent atomic number (Z_eq) were assessed. Attenuation metrics were related to density and crystallographic descriptors—tetrahedral (V_tet) and octahedral (V_oct) void volumes and the lattice void ratio (R)—together with ionic site distribution. Calculations show a descending LAC trend as follows: ZnFe₂O₄ &gt; CuFe₂O₄ &gt; NiFe₂O₄ &gt; CoFe₂O₄ &gt; MnFe₂O₄ &gt; Fe₃O₄. A positive correlation between density and LAC was identified, accompanied by a reduction in HVL and TVL values. Furthermore, at sub-MeV energies, MAC shows a qualitative (monotonic) increase with decreasing V_tet/V_oct and lower R, consistent with denser electronic packing. Among the compounds analysed, CuFe₂O₄ and ZnFe₂O₄ demonstrated the highest shielding performance in attenuation capability and material thickness efficiency. Since the dataset comprises six compositions (n = 6), these structure–property relationships are reported as descriptive trends rather than fitted correlations. These findings highlight the critical influence of crystallinity and ionic distribution within the unit cell on the effectiveness of radiation shielding materials, providing actionable targets (smaller V_tet/V_oct and lower R) for designing durable, lead-free shields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}