Physics Open最新文献

{"title":"Study of ethylene propylene diene monomer-lead monoxide-magnetite composites in radioactive waste disposal","authors":"Vinayak Anand Kamat ,&nbsp;H.M. Somashekarappa","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physo.2023.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)-lead monoxide (PbO)-magnetite (Fe₃O₄) composite was prepared and changes in its properties with different gamma irradiation doses (50, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 kGy) were investigated. Characterizations of irradiated EPDM-metal oxide composites were performed by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Universal Testing Machine (UTM). It was observed that the synthesized sample shows an amorphous nature beyond the 500 kGy irradiation dose. The FESEM morphographs of irradiated samples show an increase in fracture size with an increase in irradiation dose. The mechanical tests have shown that prepared samples retain their mechanical strength up to ∼100 kGy. In addition, the effect of thermal and electrical properties on irradiation dose has also been studied. The synthesized samples show good thermal stability up to ∼500 kGy. The AC conductivity of the synthesized EPDM-metal oxide composites has been observed to increase slightly with an increase in irradiation dose. It was observed that synthesized EPDM-metal oxide composites are relatively good radiation resistant candidates and can be used for radioactive waste disposal management applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of solar radiation on ionosphere over India","authors":"P. Chaithra,&nbsp;B. Ramesh Krishna,&nbsp;Nagaraja Kamsali","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physo.2023.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ionosphere is a region of the upper atmosphere where free electrons and ions are created by solar radiation. An effort is made to study the solar radiation influence on the earth's ionosphere's total electron content (TEC) across the low latitude Indian subcontinent from January to October 2022. TEC readings were obtained using GNSS receivers over Bengaluru (13.021 °N, 77.570 °E) and Hyderabad (17.417 °N, 78.551 °E). Ionospheric TEC variations are studied by measuring the degree to which satellite-sent GPS signals are disrupted. The results were compared with geomagnetic measurements such as disturbed storm time (Dst) index and planetary K-index (Kp) and analyzed with TEC anomalies during geomagnetic storms, and the results may be used to estimate the magnetic field of the Earth. The study revealed that ionospheric storms had an advantageous impact in January, March, and April of 2022, but a negative effect in July 2022.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49767510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on Coulomb fission time scales and cross sections in inverse kinematics","authors":"Vasudha G.S. ,&nbsp;N. Sowmya ,&nbsp;H.C. Manjunatha ,&nbsp;D. Prakash Babu ,&nbsp;Nagaiah N. ,&nbsp;Mayeen Khandekar ,&nbsp;Krishnakanth E. ,&nbsp;R. Soundar","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physo.2023.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In inverse kinematics, we explored Coulomb fission cross-sections and time scales. Heavier projectiles such as ²³⁸U, ¹³²Xe, and ²⁰⁸Pb on lighter targets such as ¹⁶O ²⁶Mg, ²⁷Al, ³²S, ³⁵Cl, <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>40</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>48</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Ca, ⁴⁵Sc, <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>48</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>50</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Ti, <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>56</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>58</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Fe, ⁶⁴Ni, ⁸⁹Y, ³⁰Si and ⁶⁵Zn were looked into. The photofission cross-sections and the number of equivalent photons impinge on the target nuclei are important parameters in cross-section assessment. The anticipated cross-sections increases with increase in atomic number of target nuclei. We also explored the time scale of projectile nuclei at various transition levels. The estimated time scales accord well with the available experimental value, which is in the order of picoseconds. In addition, we predicted time scales of ¹⁶⁵Ho nuclei in the transition state from <span><math><mrow><mn>19</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>→</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>29</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>→</mo><mn>25</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> for which experimental time scales are not available in literature. As a result, Coulomb fission is one of the causes that has severely hampered in the formation of compound nuclei. Prediction of time scales, in particular, would aid in understanding the structure of various energy levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49752845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GHz operation of a quantum point contact using stub-impedance matching circuit","authors":"Anusha Shanmugam ,&nbsp;Prasanta Kumbhakar ,&nbsp;Harikrishnan Sundaresan ,&nbsp;Annu Anns Sunny ,&nbsp;J.L. Reno ,&nbsp;Madhu Thalakulam","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum point contacts (QPC) are the building blocks of quantum dot qubits and semiconducting quantum electrical metrology circuits. QPCs also make highly sensitive electrical amplifiers with the potential to operate in the quantum-limited regime. Though the inherent operational bandwidth of QPCs can eclipse the THz regime, the impedance mismatch with the external circuitry limits the operational frequency to a few kHz. Lumped-element impedance-matching circuits are successful only up to a few hundreds of MHz in frequency. QPCs are characterised by a complex impedance consisting of quantized resistance, capacitance, and inductance elements. Characterising the complex admittance at higher frequencies and understanding the coupling of QPC to other circuit elements and electromagnetic environments will provide valuable insight into its sensing and backaction properties. In this work, we couple a QPC galvanically to a superconducting stub tuner impedance matching circuit realised in a coplanar waveguide architecture to enhance the operation frequency into the GHz regime and investigate the electrical amplification and complex admittance characteristics. The device, operating at ∼ <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>96</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>G</mi><mi>H</mi><mi>z</mi><mo>,</mo></math></span> exhibits a conductance sensitivity of <span><math><mrow><mn>2.92</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>e</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>/</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>/</mo><msqrt><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>z</mi></mrow></msqrt></mrow></math></span> with a bandwidth of <span><math><mrow><mn>13</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>M</mi><mi>H</mi><mi>z</mi></mrow></math></span>. Besides, the RF reflected power unambiguously reveals the complex admittance characteristics of the QPC, shining more light on the behaviour of quantum tunnel junctions at higher operational frequencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the Quasifission hindrance to synthesis 298Og","authors":"P.S. Damodara Gupta ,&nbsp;Anushree H.S. ,&nbsp;N. Sowmya ,&nbsp;H.C. Manjunatha ,&nbsp;T. Nandi ,&nbsp;T. Ganesh ,&nbsp;N. Nagaiah","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Formation of a compound nucleus and production of its evaporation residue are hindered by quasi-fission process. It reduces the evaporation residue cross section since it takes place before the target and projectile combines to form a composite nucleus. We study the quasifission barriers (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) for 14 fusion reactions in the formation of superheavy element ²⁹⁸Og within the framework of the di-nuclear system model. In particular, the influence of entrance channel parameters on quasifission barriers has been investigated. We notice that the quasifission barriers decreases with an increase in angular momentum and fusion barrier height. We constructed semi-empirical formulae for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> as a function of mean fissility. The fusion reaction ⁴⁸Ca+²⁵⁰Cf poses larger <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. The larger evaporation cross section is observed for this fusion reaction for 3n evaporation channel with the cross-section of 0.81pb. Similarly, a smaller evaporation cross-section of about 0.033pb is observed for ⁵¹Cr+²⁴⁷Pu fusion reaction for 4n evaporation channel with both projectile and target being deformed, unlike to the previous reaction with spherical projectile and deformed target.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing Mermin’s inequalities violations through pseudospin operators","authors":"Philipe De Fabritiis ,&nbsp;Itzhak Roditi ,&nbsp;Silvio P. Sorella","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The violation of Mermin’s inequalities is analyzed by making use of two different Bell setups built with pseudospin operators. Employing entangled states defined by means of squeezed and coherent states, the expectation value of Mermin’s polynomials <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is evaluated for <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span>. In each case, we analyze the correlator <span><math><mrow><mo>〈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow></math></span> and identify the set of parameters leading to the violation of Mermin’s inequalities and to the saturation of the bound predicted by Quantum Mechanics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46231210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological interaction of neutrino with photon in a magnetic field — Electroweak Hall effect","authors":"Kenzo Ishikawa ,&nbsp;Yutaka Tobita","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effective interaction of a neutrino with a photon in magnetized plasma is obtained from a strong field expansion in the electroweak standard model. The interaction is expressed by a Chern–Simons form of the neutrino current and the electromagnetic vector potential of the coupling strength proportional to <span><math><mrow><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>×</mo><mi>e</mi><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>. The derivation of the interaction Lagrangian and its properties are presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44489922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photon attenuation computational software tools - A comparative study","authors":"S. Arun Kumar ,&nbsp;S.K. Shashikumar ,&nbsp;M.R. Ambika ,&nbsp;M.B. Karthik Kumar ,&nbsp;N. Nagaiah ,&nbsp;Mayeen Uddin Khandaker","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Various photon attenuation software tools are being used widely by researchers to evaluate the radiation shielding parameters of the elements/compounds/composites theoretically. Attempts are being made by a few researchers to update and develop software tools of these kinds. However, the efficacy of these tools in terms of their comparison is yet to be explored. Thus, an attempt has been made in the present study to compare &amp; explore the best tool among the widely used and most trusted tools, such as Phy-X, XCOM, FFAST and XMuDat photon attenuation databases, to evaluate the shielding parameters of PVA-based composites filled with bismuth and tungsten, and also for materials such as bismuth, tungsten, gold, copper, platinum, lead and barite. Careful analysis of the data obtained computationally and experimentally shows that, although the Phy-X tool provides various shielding parameters with multiple choices in the selection of energy range, it is noticed that this tool needs to be figured out for obtaining the absorption edges of the composites of interest precisely. The XCOM database provides sharp absorption edges; however, this tool gives multiple values of mass attenuation coefficients corresponding to a particular absorption edge energy. On the other hand, The FFAST tool provides sharp absorption edges along with X ray fine structure. However, the tool restricts to work with elements and compounds in the energy range 1 keV–433 keV, which limits the utilization of this tool. Furthermore, the XMuDat tool has a limiting option to work with the materials available in its library/database and provides the mass attenuation coefficient and four other parameters. However, the XMuDat provides a large number of data points, which helps to identify any minute deviation in the values of the parameters. Therefore, the present study suggests that the XMuDat tool is much more advantageous and reliable than the other tools for the detailed study of various radiation shielding parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48628117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the introduction of CAVs mitigate social dilemmas causing traffic jams on highways?","authors":"Junya Masaka ,&nbsp;Fumi Sueyoshi ,&nbsp;Md. Anowar Hossain ,&nbsp;Shinobu Utsumi ,&nbsp;Jun Tanimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explored whether the introduction of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) into human-driven vehicles (HVs) can mitigate the social dilemma caused by defective HVs that seek to overtake other vehicles by making frequent lane changes. In this regard, a cellular automata traffic model based on the revised S–NFS model, dealing with a mixed flow field composed of CAVs and HVs with multiple lanes, was established. We perused precise game theoretical analysis on the basis of the result obtained from traffic flow analysis through multi-agent simulation (MAS). As a result, the social efficiency deficit, quantifying the extent of the social dilemma behind such a specific traffic flow system, elucidates that the introduction of CAVs does not eliminate the social dilemma caused by defective HVs unless CAVs account for the vast majority of the mixed flow.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41671892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the longitudinal and transverse tensoresistances of low-resistance n-Si","authors":"G.P. Gaidar","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2023.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Features of longitudinal and transverse tensoresistances and the tenso-Hall effect in low-resistance <em>n</em>-Si crystals doped with phosphorus, antimony, and arsenic were studied. The impurity-specific mechanisms which lead to changes in the number of charge carriers (“incomplete ionization” and deactivation of impurities), as well as a change in the efficiency of the scattering on impurity density fluctuations were considered to explain the tensoresistive peculiarities. It is supposed that the dominant factor determining the efficiency of scattering on impurity density fluctuations is the value of the lattice strain introduced by the impurity itself. An increase in the transverse tensoresistance with pressure increasing revealed in <em>n</em>-Si samples doped with phosphorus and antimony was explained by the fluctuations of impurity density. For these samples, a maximum and instabilities on dependencies of the tenso-Hall effect are observed at 4.2 K. An increase in the measurement temperature, the manifestation of instabilities is weakened.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47786507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}