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Politics and the Life Sciences最新文献

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Poor mental health does not always reduce political participation: Wrong assumption, wrong samples, or wrong measures? 精神健康状况不佳并不总是减少政治参与：错误的假设，错误的样本，还是错误的措施？
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.10004
Luca Bernardi, Mikko Mattila, Achillefs Papageorgiou, Lauri Rapeli
{"title":"Poor mental health does not always reduce political participation: Wrong assumption, wrong samples, or wrong measures?","authors":"Luca Bernardi, Mikko Mattila, Achillefs Papageorgiou, Lauri Rapeli","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.10004","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.10004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental health, like physical health, represents an important resource for participating in politics. We bring new insights from six surveys from five different countries (Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States) that combine diversified questions on mental health problems and political participation. Unlike previous research on depression, we find only limited evidence for the Resource Hypothesis that mental health problems reduce political participation, except in the case of voting and only in some samples. Instead, we find mixed evidence that mental health problems and their comorbidity (experiencing multiple problems) are associated with increased political participation. Our study leads us to more questions than answers: are the measures available in public opinion surveys appropriate for the task? Do general survey samples adequately capture people with mental disorders? And is the assumption that poor mental health reduces political participation wrong?</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Big-5 personality traits and their dynamic and conditional effects on COVID-19 attitudes and behaviors. 大五人格特征及其对新冠肺炎态度和行为的动态和条件影响
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.10003
Eric Merkley, Melissa N Baker
{"title":"Big-5 personality traits and their dynamic and conditional effects on COVID-19 attitudes and behaviors.","authors":"Eric Merkley, Melissa N Baker","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.10003","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.10003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There remain important questions about how personality shapes risk perceptions, willingness to engage in protective behaviors, and policy preferences during a changing pandemic. Focusing on the Big-5 and COVID-19 attitudes, we find associations between risk perceptions and negative emotionality and agreeableness, as well as between each Big-5 trait and protective behaviors and support for government restrictions. These associations are mostly stable over time, with instability pronounced for lockdown policy support, where agreeableness and conscientiousness diminish in importance as pandemic conditions improve. Negative emotionality, conscientiousness, and agreeableness reduce differences between the political left and right and between those who do and do not trust experts. We highlight the heterogeneous interplay between personality and political ideology to understand pandemic policy support, attitudes, and behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
There's still no meat: Revisiting the idea of Republican vegans. 仍然没有肉：重新审视共和党素食主义者的想法。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.10002
Samantha L Mosier, Arbindra Rimal
{"title":"There's still no meat: Revisiting the idea of Republican vegans.","authors":"Samantha L Mosier, Arbindra Rimal","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.10002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2025.10002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing academic research has highlighted a connection between dietary habits and political beliefs. An individual's dietary choices can mean more than just the need or pleasure of eating. Dietary choice can also be tied to a personal identity, in which food consumption reinforces through other beliefs and in-group identities, including partisan affiliation and political ideology. This study analyzes survey data from the Natural Marketing Institute's (NMI) 2019 Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS) survey and compares the results to Mosier and Rimal's original evaluation using the NMI's 2016 LOHAS survey data. The results show most Americans continue to have a meat-based diet irrespective of political party, with gender being the most consistent and robust explanatory factor for dietary choice. However, there are some notable shifts in dietary choice and significance for certain partisan affiliations that highlight how in-group dynamics may be reflective of attitude and behavioral norms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is there a beauty is beastly effect in electoral success? An empirical analysis of the German federal elections 2005 to 2021. 选举的成功是否有一种“美即恶”的效果？2005 - 2021年德国联邦选举的实证分析。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.6
Roman Althans, Ulrich Rosar, Luisa Junghänel, Lena Masch
{"title":"Is there a beauty is beastly effect in electoral success? An empirical analysis of the German federal elections 2005 to 2021.","authors":"Roman Althans, Ulrich Rosar, Luisa Junghänel, Lena Masch","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2025.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research shows that attractive women may face disadvantages in male-dominated contexts or those stereotypically associated with masculinity, because they tend to be ascribed more stereotypically feminine character traits and capabilities. This is known as the \"beauty is beastly effect.\" However, its impact on political elections remains largely unexamined. This study investigates whether such an effect exists for female candidates in Germany, where political competition is male-dominated and rewards stereotypically masculine traits. Using a comprehensive data set from the 2005 to 2021 federal elections, we empirically test for interactions between gender and physical attractiveness. Despite extensive multilevel analyses, no evidence was found for the \"beauty is beastly effect\" in this context. Nevertheless, positive main effects suggest female candidates may still face disadvantages. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Affective (in)attention: Using physiology to understand media selection. 情感注意：用生理学来理解媒介选择。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.5
Mia Carbone
{"title":"Affective (in)attention: Using physiology to understand media selection.","authors":"Mia Carbone","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2025.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a longstanding belief amongst scholars of psychophysiology that activation is positively associated with attention. However, recent work on news avoidance suggests that activation from negative content is linked to <i>decreased</i> attention. The current study seeks to investigate these different expectations and suggests that both increased and decreased activation can be linked to both attention and avoidance. Using an experiment that employs skin conductance levels and heart rate to evaluate subjects' media selection choices, the author finds that even as deactivation is most likely to precede the decision to turn away from content, roughly 30% of the time activation precedes turning away. These findings confirm prior conclusions from the psychophysiological communications literature, <i>and</i> in the news avoidance literature, but it also highlights the need for more nuanced expectations where activation and media selection are concerned.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of acute stress response on conspiracy theory beliefs. 急性应激反应对阴谋论信念的影响。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.16
Vojtech Pisl, Turkay Nefes, Benjamin Simsa, Daniela Kestlerova, Pavel Kubíček, Vojtech Linka, Tatana Martynova, Rachel Sajdlova, David Sejrek, Jan Vevera
{"title":"The effect of acute stress response on conspiracy theory beliefs.","authors":"Vojtech Pisl, Turkay Nefes, Benjamin Simsa, Daniela Kestlerova, Pavel Kubíček, Vojtech Linka, Tatana Martynova, Rachel Sajdlova, David Sejrek, Jan Vevera","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.16","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endorsement of conspiracy theories may be increased by subjectively perceived stress. Yet, it is not known whether this correlation is caused by the effects of the acute stress reaction on the brain or other psychological, social, or methodological factors. The effect of an experimentally induced acute stress reaction on conspiracy thinking was tested on a sample (n = 115) of students of medicine. Although the stress procedure caused a substantial increase in salivary cortisol, there was no significant effect on endorsing conspiracy theories or adopting conspiracy interpretations of novel information. The results confirmed no effect of the acute stress reaction on conspiracy thinking, suggesting it may be absent or weaker than expected. The study demonstrated the viability of psychophysiological experimental design in conspiracy research and may inspire further examination of the physiological mechanisms underlying susceptibility to conspiracy theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differential brain activations between Democrats and Republicans when considering food purchases. 在考虑购买食物时，民主党人和共和党人大脑活动的差异。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.2
Amanda S Bruce, John M Crespi, Dermot J Hayes, Angelos Lagoudakis, Jayson L Lusk, Darren M Schreiber, Qianrong Wu
{"title":"Differential brain activations between Democrats and Republicans when considering food purchases.","authors":"Amanda S Bruce, John M Crespi, Dermot J Hayes, Angelos Lagoudakis, Jayson L Lusk, Darren M Schreiber, Qianrong Wu","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.2","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We measured brain activity using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm and conducted a whole-brain analysis while healthy adult Democrats and Republicans made non-hypothetical food choices. While the food purchase decisions were not significantly different, we found that brain activation during decision-making differs according to the participant's party affiliation. Models of partisanship based on left insula, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, superior frontal gyrus, or premotor/supplementary motor area activations achieve better than expected accuracy. Understanding the differential function of neural systems that lead to indistinguishable choices may provide leverage in explaining the broader mechanisms of partisanship.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"60-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral equality and reprogenetic autonomy in the genomic era. 基因组时代的道德平等与生殖自主权。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.12
Ozan Gurcan
{"title":"Moral equality and reprogenetic autonomy in the genomic era.","authors":"Ozan Gurcan","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.12","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, I question the argument from human dignity found in the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights (UDHGHR) and in the recent views of the International Bioethics Committee (IBC). I focus on what this argument says about the permissibility of two broad categories of reprogenetic choices that may be available to prospective parents in the genomic era. The argument from human dignity holds that non-medical genetic selection and somatic enhancements ought to be prohibited because they violate the principle of human dignity. I argue that human dignity need not be violated by the enterprise of human genetic selection/somatic enhancement if reasonable social safeguards are established. In particular, I argue that respecting the reprogenetic choices of the decision-maker is paramount within the boundaries of (i) prohibiting the infliction of a shortened lifespan or pain upon the child; (ii) prohibiting the actualization of demeaning beliefs or intentions such as viewing certain groups as inferior; (iii) prohibiting the choice resulting from an expression of unwillingness to love and care for the child; and, with respect to somatic gene enhancements in particular, (iv) the potentially unjustified effects of the enhancement on others, if any, are reasonably addressable (and addressed) via social modifications so as to ensure the enhancement no longer risks adversely affecting them. With these limits, reprogenetic autonomy cannot be said to undermine the dignity of humans by creating unjustified harms or expressing demeaning ideas.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"120-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategic policy options to improve quality and productivity of biomedical research. 提高生物医学研究质量和生产力的战略政策选择。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.10
E Andrew Balas, Gianluca De Leo, Kelly B Shaw
{"title":"Strategic policy options to improve quality and productivity of biomedical research.","authors":"E Andrew Balas, Gianluca De Leo, Kelly B Shaw","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.10","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging societal expectations from biomedical research and intensifying international scientific competition are becoming existential matters. Based on a review of pertinent evidence, this article analyzes challenges and formulates public policy recommendations for improving productivity and impact of life sciences. Critical risks include widespread quality defects of research, particularly non-reproducible results, and narrow access to scientifically sound information giving advantage to health misinformation. In funding life sciences, the simultaneous shift to nondemocratic societies is an added challenge. Simply spending more on research will not be enough in the global competition. Considering the pacesetter role of the federal government, five national policy recommendations are put forward: (i) funding projects with comprehensive expectations of reproducibility; (ii) public-private partnerships for contemporaneous quality support in laboratories; (iii) making research institutions accountable for quality control; (iv) supporting new quality filtering standards for scientific journals and repositories, and (v) establishing a new network of centers for scientific health communications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"108-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diplomacy disrupted: A mixed-methods analysis of Russian disinformation at the Ninth Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. 外交中断：在生物和毒素武器公约第九次审查会议上对俄罗斯虚假信息的混合方法分析。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.3
Annie E Sundelson, Gigi Kwik Gronvall, Gary Ackerman, Rupali Limaye, Crystal Watson, Tara Kirk Sell
{"title":"Diplomacy disrupted: A mixed-methods analysis of Russian disinformation at the Ninth Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.","authors":"Annie E Sundelson, Gigi Kwik Gronvall, Gary Ackerman, Rupali Limaye, Crystal Watson, Tara Kirk Sell","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.3","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, Russia invoked Articles V and VI of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC), requesting a formal meeting to discuss, and subsequent investigation of, alleged U.S.-funded biological weapons laboratories in Ukraine. Such allegations have been dismissed as false by scholars and diplomats alike, many of whom have argued that Russia's actions represented an abuse of BTWC provisions and risked undermining the Convention. However, few scholars have assessed the implications of Russia's ongoing efforts to level false allegations in BTWC meetings following the Article V and VI procedures. Using mixed-methods analysis of BTWC meeting recordings, transcripts, and documents, we assessed the volume, consequences, and framing of Russian false allegations at the BTWC Ninth Review Conference. Analysis revealed that discussion of Russian allegations took over three hours and contributed to a stunted Final Document. Additional potential consequences are discussed, including increased division among states parties and the erosion of nonproliferation norms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"28-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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