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Politics and the Life Sciences最新文献

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Differential brain activations between Democrats and Republicans when considering food purchases.
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.2
Amanda S Bruce, John M Crespi, Dermot J Hayes, Angelos Lagoudakis, Jayson L Lusk, Darren M Schreiber, Qianrong Wu
{"title":"Differential brain activations between Democrats and Republicans when considering food purchases.","authors":"Amanda S Bruce, John M Crespi, Dermot J Hayes, Angelos Lagoudakis, Jayson L Lusk, Darren M Schreiber, Qianrong Wu","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2025.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We measured brain activity using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm and conducted a whole-brain analysis while healthy adult Democrats and Republicans made non-hypothetical food choices. While the food purchase decisions were not significantly different, we found that brain activation during decision-making differs according to the participant's party affiliation. Models of partisanship based on left insula, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, superior frontal gyrus, or premotor/supplementary motor area activations achieve better than expected accuracy. Understanding the differential function of neural systems that lead to indistinguishable choices may provide leverage in explaining the broader mechanisms of partisanship.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Affective (in)attention: Using physiology to understand media selection.
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.5
Mia Carbone
{"title":"Affective (in)attention: Using physiology to understand media selection.","authors":"Mia Carbone","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2025.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a longstanding belief amongst scholars of psychophysiology that activation is positively associated with attention. However, recent work on news avoidance suggests that activation from negative content is linked to <i>decreased</i> attention. The current study seeks to investigate these different expectations and suggests that both increased and decreased activation can be linked to both attention and avoidance. Using an experiment that employs skin conductance levels and heart rate to evaluate subjects' media selection choices, the author finds that even as deactivation is most likely to precede the decision to turn away from content, roughly 30% of the time activation precedes turning away. These findings confirm prior conclusions from the psychophysiological communications literature, <i>and</i> in the news avoidance literature, but it also highlights the need for more nuanced expectations where activation and media selection are concerned.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diplomacy disrupted: A mixed-methods analysis of Russian disinformation at the Ninth Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.3
Annie E Sundelson, Gigi Kwik Gronvall, Gary Ackerman, Rupali Limaye, Crystal Watson, Tara Kirk Sell
{"title":"Diplomacy disrupted: A mixed-methods analysis of Russian disinformation at the Ninth Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.","authors":"Annie E Sundelson, Gigi Kwik Gronvall, Gary Ackerman, Rupali Limaye, Crystal Watson, Tara Kirk Sell","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2025.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, Russia invoked Articles V and VI of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC), requesting a formal meeting to discuss, and subsequent investigation of, alleged U.S.-funded biological weapons laboratories in Ukraine. Such allegations have been dismissed as false by scholars and diplomats alike, many of whom have argued that Russia's actions represented an abuse of BTWC provisions and risked undermining the Convention. However, few scholars have assessed the implications of Russia's ongoing efforts to level false allegations in BTWC meetings following the Article V and VI procedures. Using mixed-methods analysis of BTWC meeting recordings, transcripts, and documents, we assessed the volume, consequences, and framing of Russian false allegations at the BTWC Ninth Review Conference. Analysis revealed that discussion of Russian allegations took over three hours and contributed to a stunted Final Document. Additional potential consequences are discussed, including increased division among states parties and the erosion of nonproliferation norms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parental income moderates the influence of genetic dispositions on political interest in adolescents.
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.1
Sebastian Jungkunz, Paul Marx
{"title":"Parental income moderates the influence of genetic dispositions on political interest in adolescents.","authors":"Sebastian Jungkunz, Paul Marx","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2025.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The political involvement of adolescents is characterized by a substantial socioeconomic gradient already at a young age with enduring effects into adulthood. This study investigates whether high parental income creates an enhancing environment that increases the influence of genetic dispositions on political interest using the German TwinLife study (2014-2020, age 10-29, <i>n</i> = 6,174, 54% female, 19% migration background). While 30-40% of the total variance in political interest of twin adolescents (age 10-18) can be attributed to genetic influences, a gene-environment interaction model shows that this share is much lower among poor compared to rich families. Family fixed-effects models among early adults further show no significant effect of income differences on political interest after controlling for family background and genetic influences. This study suggests that the income gap in political participation cannot be fully understood without accounting for life cycle processes and genetic background.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of acute stress response on conspiracy theory beliefs. 急性应激反应对阴谋论信念的影响。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.16
Vojtech Pisl, Turkay Nefes, Benjamin Simsa, Daniela Kestlerova, Pavel Kubíček, Vojtech Linka, Tatana Martynova, Rachel Sajdlova, David Sejrek, Jan Vevera
{"title":"The effect of acute stress response on conspiracy theory beliefs.","authors":"Vojtech Pisl, Turkay Nefes, Benjamin Simsa, Daniela Kestlerova, Pavel Kubíček, Vojtech Linka, Tatana Martynova, Rachel Sajdlova, David Sejrek, Jan Vevera","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2024.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endorsement of conspiracy theories may be increased by subjectively perceived stress. Yet, it is not known whether this correlation is caused by the effects of the acute stress reaction on the brain or other psychological, social, or methodological factors. The effect of an experimentally induced acute stress reaction on conspiracy thinking was tested on a sample (n = 115) of students of medicine. Although the stress procedure caused a substantial increase in salivary cortisol, there was no significant effect on endorsing conspiracy theories or adopting conspiracy interpretations of novel information. The results confirmed no effect of the acute stress reaction on conspiracy thinking, suggesting it may be absent or weaker than expected. The study demonstrated the viability of psychophysiological experimental design in conspiracy research and may inspire further examination of the physiological mechanisms underlying susceptibility to conspiracy theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategic policy options to improve quality and productivity of biomedical research. 提高生物医学研究质量和生产力的战略政策选择。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.10
E Andrew Balas, Gianluca De Leo, Kelly B Shaw
{"title":"Strategic policy options to improve quality and productivity of biomedical research.","authors":"E Andrew Balas, Gianluca De Leo, Kelly B Shaw","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2024.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging societal expectations from biomedical research and intensifying international scientific competition are becoming existential matters. Based on a review of pertinent evidence, this article analyzes challenges and formulates public policy recommendations for improving productivity and impact of life sciences. Critical risks include widespread quality defects of research, particularly non-reproducible results, and narrow access to scientifically sound information giving advantage to health misinformation. In funding life sciences, the simultaneous shift to nondemocratic societies is an added challenge. Simply spending more on research will not be enough in the global competition. Considering the pacesetter role of the federal government, five national policy recommendations are put forward: (i) funding projects with comprehensive expectations of reproducibility; (ii) public-private partnerships for contemporaneous quality support in laboratories; (iii) making research institutions accountable for quality control; (iv) supporting new quality filtering standards for scientific journals and repositories, and (v) establishing a new network of centers for scientific health communications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
BWC confidence-building measures: Increasing BWC assurance through transparency and information sharing. 生物武器公约》建立信任措施：通过透明度和信息共享提高《生物武器公约》的保障。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.9
Matthew P Shearer, Christina M Potter, Rachel A Vahey, Nicholas Munves, Gigi Kwik Gronvall
{"title":"BWC confidence-building measures: Increasing BWC assurance through transparency and information sharing.","authors":"Matthew P Shearer, Christina M Potter, Rachel A Vahey, Nicholas Munves, Gigi Kwik Gronvall","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2024.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the absence of a treaty protocol or verification regime, the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) instituted confidence-building measures (CBMs) as a mechanism to increase confidence in compliance by enhancing transparency and mitigating ambiguities regarding states parties' biological activities. While a promising tool to support treaty compliance, low participation, concerns regarding the completeness and accuracy of CBM submissions, a dearth of analysis, and restricted access to many submissions have limited CBMs' value. Through interviews with 53 international experts-38 from BWC delegations and 15 independent experts-we identified concrete opportunities to increase CBMs' value while mitigating the burden on states parties. This study supports states parties' efforts in the BWC Working Group on the Strengthening of the Convention, as part of a series of research on BWC assurance that aims to characterize challenges around BWC verification and increase certainty in BWC compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A leader I can(not) trust: understanding the path from epistemic trust to political leader choices via dogmatism. 我可以（不可以）信任的领导人：通过教条主义了解从认识论信任到政治领导人选择的路径。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.11
Mariana von Mohr, Kobi Hackenburg, Michal Tanzer, Aikaterini Fotopoulou, Chloe Campbell, Manos Tsakiris
{"title":"A leader I can(not) trust: understanding the path from epistemic trust to political leader choices via dogmatism.","authors":"Mariana von Mohr, Kobi Hackenburg, Michal Tanzer, Aikaterini Fotopoulou, Chloe Campbell, Manos Tsakiris","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.11","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing concern about the impact of declining political trust on democracies. Psychological research has introduced the concept of epistemic (mis)trust as a stable disposition acquired through development, which may influence our sociopolitical engagement. Given trust's prominence in current politics, we examined the relationship between epistemic trust and people's choices of (un)trustworthy political leaders. In two representative samples in the UK and US (<i>N</i> = 1096), we tested whether epistemic trust predicts political leader choices through three political dimensions: dogmatism, political trust, and ideology. Although epistemic trust did not directly predict choices of political leaders, it predicted dogmatism and political ideology, which in turn predicted choices of political leaders. A network analysis revealed that epistemic trust and political dimensions only interact through their common connection with dogmatism. These findings suggest that cognitive and affective development may underlie an individual's political ideology and associated beliefs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral equality and reprogenetic autonomy in the genomic era. 基因组时代的道德平等与生殖自主权。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.12
Ozan Gurcan
{"title":"Moral equality and reprogenetic autonomy in the genomic era.","authors":"Ozan Gurcan","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2024.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, I question the argument from human dignity found in the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights (UDHGHR) and in the recent views of the International Bioethics Committee (IBC). I focus on what this argument says about the permissibility of two broad categories of reprogenetic choices that may be available to prospective parents in the genomic era. The argument from human dignity holds that non-medical genetic selection and somatic enhancements ought to be prohibited because they violate the principle of human dignity. I argue that human dignity need not be violated by the enterprise of human genetic selection/somatic enhancement if reasonable social safeguards are established. In particular, I argue that respecting the reprogenetic choices of the decision-maker is paramount within the boundaries of (i) prohibiting the infliction of a shortened lifespan or pain upon the child; (ii) prohibiting the actualization of demeaning beliefs or intentions such as viewing certain groups as inferior; (iii) prohibiting the choice resulting from an expression of unwillingness to love and care for the child; and, with respect to somatic gene enhancements in particular, (iv) the potentially unjustified effects of the enhancement on others, if any, are reasonably addressable (and addressed) via social modifications so as to ensure the enhancement no longer risks adversely affecting them. With these limits, reprogenetic autonomy cannot be said to undermine the dignity of humans by creating unjustified harms or expressing demeaning ideas.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolutionary biology as a frontier for research on misinformation. 进化生物学是研究错误信息的前沿。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.13
Michael Simeone, Kristy Roschke, Shawn Walker
{"title":"Evolutionary biology as a frontier for research on misinformation.","authors":"Michael Simeone, Kristy Roschke, Shawn Walker","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2024.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of misinformation studies has experienced a boom of scholarship in recent years. Buoyed by the emergence of information operations surrounding the 2016 election and the rise of so-called \"fake news,\" researchers hailing from fields ranging from philosophy to computer science have taken up the challenge of detecting, analyzing, and theorizing false and misleading information online. In an attempt to understand the spread of misinformation online, researchers have adapted concepts from different disciplines. Concepts from epidemiology, for example, have opened doors to thinking about spread, contagion, and resistance. The life sciences offer concepts and theories to further extend what we know about how misinformation adapts; by viewing information as an organism within a complex ecosystem, we can better understand why some narratives succeed and others fail. Collaborations between misinformation researchers and life scientists to develop responsible adaptations of fitness models can bolster misinformation research.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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