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Techno-natalism: Geopolitical and socioeconomic implications of emerging reproductive technologies in a world of sub-replacement fertility. 技术自然主义：在生育率低于更替水平的世界中，新兴生殖技术的地缘政治和社会经济影响。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.10005
Craig James Willy, Filipe Nobre Faria
{"title":"Techno-natalism: Geopolitical and socioeconomic implications of emerging reproductive technologies in a world of sub-replacement fertility.","authors":"Craig James Willy, Filipe Nobre Faria","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.10005","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.10005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population is a key factor of national power. Declining fertility rates, especially in major economies, are reshaping global power dynamics by shrinking workforces amidst aging populations. In response, more nations are adopting techno-natalist policies, promoting reproductive technologies (\"reprotech\") like IVF to increase birth rates. Advances in genetic embryo selection, gene editing, in vitro gametogenesis, and artificial wombs could further enhance these policies by improving birth rates, health, and human capital. This article examines current and emerging reprotechnologies, the policy landscape, socioeconomic and geopolitical implications, and future research directions. By shaping national and global gene pools, reprotech policies and practices offer a paradigmatic case of gene-culture coevolution. If these technologies prove safe and effective, nations that embrace them are likely to gain geopolitical and evolutionary advantages over those that do not.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"260-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
BWC confidence-building measures: Increasing BWC assurance through transparency and information sharing. 生物武器公约》建立信任措施：通过透明度和信息共享提高《生物武器公约》的保障。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.9
Matthew P Shearer, Christina M Potter, Rachel A Vahey, Nicholas Munves, Gigi Kwik Gronvall
{"title":"BWC confidence-building measures: Increasing BWC assurance through transparency and information sharing.","authors":"Matthew P Shearer, Christina M Potter, Rachel A Vahey, Nicholas Munves, Gigi Kwik Gronvall","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.9","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the absence of a treaty protocol or verification regime, the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) instituted confidence-building measures (CBMs) as a mechanism to increase confidence in compliance by enhancing transparency and mitigating ambiguities regarding states parties' biological activities. While a promising tool to support treaty compliance, low participation, concerns regarding the completeness and accuracy of CBM submissions, a dearth of analysis, and restricted access to many submissions have limited CBMs' value. Through interviews with 53 international experts-38 from BWC delegations and 15 independent experts-we identified concrete opportunities to increase CBMs' value while mitigating the burden on states parties. This study supports states parties' efforts in the BWC Working Group on the Strengthening of the Convention, as part of a series of research on BWC assurance that aims to characterize challenges around BWC verification and increase certainty in BWC compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"5-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Poor mental health does not always reduce political participation: Wrong assumption, wrong samples, or wrong measures? 精神健康状况不佳并不总是减少政治参与：错误的假设，错误的样本，还是错误的措施？
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.10004
Luca Bernardi, Mikko Mattila, Achillefs Papageorgiou, Lauri Rapeli
{"title":"Poor mental health does not always reduce political participation: Wrong assumption, wrong samples, or wrong measures?","authors":"Luca Bernardi, Mikko Mattila, Achillefs Papageorgiou, Lauri Rapeli","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.10004","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.10004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental health, like physical health, represents an important resource for participating in politics. We bring new insights from six surveys from five different countries (Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States) that combine diversified questions on mental health problems and political participation. Unlike previous research on depression, we find only limited evidence for the Resource Hypothesis that mental health problems reduce political participation, except in the case of voting and only in some samples. Instead, we find mixed evidence that mental health problems and their comorbidity (experiencing multiple problems) are associated with increased political participation. Our study leads us to more questions than answers: are the measures available in public opinion surveys appropriate for the task? Do general survey samples adequately capture people with mental disorders? And is the assumption that poor mental health reduces political participation wrong?</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"247-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parental income moderates the influence of genetic dispositions on political interest in adolescents. 父母收入调节遗传倾向对青少年政治兴趣的影响。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.1
Sebastian Jungkunz, Paul Marx
{"title":"Parental income moderates the influence of genetic dispositions on political interest in adolescents.","authors":"Sebastian Jungkunz, Paul Marx","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.1","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The political involvement of adolescents is characterized by a substantial socioeconomic gradient already at a young age with enduring effects into adulthood. This study investigates whether high parental income creates an enhancing environment that increases the influence of genetic dispositions on political interest using the German TwinLife study (2014-2020, age 10-29, <i>n</i> = 6,174, 54% female, 19% migration background). While 30-40% of the total variance in political interest of twin adolescents (age 10-18) can be attributed to genetic influences, a gene-environment interaction model shows that this share is much lower among poor compared to rich families. Family fixed-effects models among early adults further show no significant effect of income differences on political interest after controlling for family background and genetic influences. This study suggests that the income gap in political participation cannot be fully understood without accounting for life cycle processes and genetic background.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A leader I can(not) trust: understanding the path from epistemic trust to political leader choices via dogmatism. 我可以（不可以）信任的领导人：通过教条主义了解从认识论信任到政治领导人选择的路径。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.11
Mariana von Mohr, Kobi Hackenburg, Michal Tanzer, Aikaterini Fotopoulou, Chloe Campbell, Manos Tsakiris
{"title":"A leader I can(not) trust: understanding the path from epistemic trust to political leader choices via dogmatism.","authors":"Mariana von Mohr, Kobi Hackenburg, Michal Tanzer, Aikaterini Fotopoulou, Chloe Campbell, Manos Tsakiris","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.11","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing concern about the impact of declining political trust on democracies. Psychological research has introduced the concept of epistemic (mis)trust as a stable disposition acquired through development, which may influence our sociopolitical engagement. Given trust's prominence in current politics, we examined the relationship between epistemic trust and people's choices of (un)trustworthy political leaders. In two representative samples in the UK and US (<i>N</i> = 1096), we tested whether epistemic trust predicts political leader choices through three political dimensions: dogmatism, political trust, and ideology. Although epistemic trust did not directly predict choices of political leaders, it predicted dogmatism and political ideology, which in turn predicted choices of political leaders. A network analysis revealed that epistemic trust and political dimensions only interact through their common connection with dogmatism. These findings suggest that cognitive and affective development may underlie an individual's political ideology and associated beliefs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"88-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Big-5 personality traits and their dynamic and conditional effects on COVID-19 attitudes and behaviors. 大五人格特征及其对新冠肺炎态度和行为的动态和条件影响
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.10003
Eric Merkley, Melissa N Baker
{"title":"Big-5 personality traits and their dynamic and conditional effects on COVID-19 attitudes and behaviors.","authors":"Eric Merkley, Melissa N Baker","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.10003","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.10003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There remain important questions about how personality shapes risk perceptions, willingness to engage in protective behaviors, and policy preferences during a changing pandemic. Focusing on the Big-5 and COVID-19 attitudes, we find associations between risk perceptions and negative emotionality and agreeableness, as well as between each Big-5 trait and protective behaviors and support for government restrictions. These associations are mostly stable over time, with instability pronounced for lockdown policy support, where agreeableness and conscientiousness diminish in importance as pandemic conditions improve. Negative emotionality, conscientiousness, and agreeableness reduce differences between the political left and right and between those who do and do not trust experts. We highlight the heterogeneous interplay between personality and political ideology to understand pandemic policy support, attitudes, and behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"205-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An evolutionary perspective on the current wars. 从进化论的角度看当前的战争。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.10007
Rose McDermott
{"title":"An evolutionary perspective on the current wars.","authors":"Rose McDermott","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.10007","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.10007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the destruction it inevitably engenders and the opposition it often elicits, war remains a near-human universal. There is almost no society, across time or place, that has not experienced some form of violent conflict, whether internally or against its neighbors or adversaries. The most common explanations for the causes of war and conflict tend to center around social and material factors, such as conflicts over resources, territory, or regime type. Certainly, these factors play a role in many conflicts, but they cannot alone explain every war. Other arguments, however, drawn from evolutionary psychology and biological anthropology, based on fundamental aspects of human nature with regard to male coalitionary psychology, do posit specific sources for conflict that provide an underlying platform for its emergence and can help explain its wide variety across time and space. A comprehensive and accurate understanding of the nature of war must include these considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"280-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is there a beauty is beastly effect in electoral success? An empirical analysis of the German federal elections 2005 to 2021. 选举的成功是否有一种“美即恶”的效果？2005 - 2021年德国联邦选举的实证分析。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.6
Roman Althans, Ulrich Rosar, Luisa Junghänel, Lena Masch
{"title":"Is there a beauty is beastly effect in electoral success? An empirical analysis of the German federal elections 2005 to 2021.","authors":"Roman Althans, Ulrich Rosar, Luisa Junghänel, Lena Masch","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.6","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research shows that attractive women may face disadvantages in male-dominated contexts or those stereotypically associated with masculinity, because they tend to be ascribed more stereotypically feminine character traits and capabilities. This is known as the \"beauty is beastly effect.\" However, its impact on political elections remains largely unexamined. This study investigates whether such an effect exists for female candidates in Germany, where political competition is male-dominated and rewards stereotypically masculine traits. Using a comprehensive data set from the 2005 to 2021 federal elections, we empirically test for interactions between gender and physical attractiveness. Despite extensive multilevel analyses, no evidence was found for the \"beauty is beastly effect\" in this context. Nevertheless, positive main effects suggest female candidates may still face disadvantages. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"143-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolutionary biology as a frontier for research on misinformation. 进化生物学是研究错误信息的前沿。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.13
Michael Simeone, Kristy Roschke, Shawn Walker
{"title":"Evolutionary biology as a frontier for research on misinformation.","authors":"Michael Simeone, Kristy Roschke, Shawn Walker","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.13","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of misinformation studies has experienced a boom of scholarship in recent years. Buoyed by the emergence of information operations surrounding the 2016 election and the rise of so-called \"fake news,\" researchers hailing from fields ranging from philosophy to computer science have taken up the challenge of detecting, analyzing, and theorizing false and misleading information online. In an attempt to understand the spread of misinformation online, researchers have adapted concepts from different disciplines. Concepts from epidemiology, for example, have opened doors to thinking about spread, contagion, and resistance. The life sciences offer concepts and theories to further extend what we know about how misinformation adapts; by viewing information as an organism within a complex ecosystem, we can better understand why some narratives succeed and others fail. Collaborations between misinformation researchers and life scientists to develop responsible adaptations of fitness models can bolster misinformation research.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"139-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
There's still no meat: Revisiting the idea of Republican vegans. 仍然没有肉：重新审视共和党素食主义者的想法。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2025.10002
Samantha L Mosier, Arbindra Rimal
{"title":"There's still no meat: Revisiting the idea of Republican vegans.","authors":"Samantha L Mosier, Arbindra Rimal","doi":"10.1017/pls.2025.10002","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2025.10002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing academic research has highlighted a connection between dietary habits and political beliefs. An individual's dietary choices can mean more than just the need or pleasure of eating. Dietary choice can also be tied to a personal identity, in which food consumption reinforces through other beliefs and in-group identities, including partisan affiliation and political ideology. This study analyzes survey data from the Natural Marketing Institute's (NMI) 2019 Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS) survey and compares the results to Mosier and Rimal's original evaluation using the NMI's 2016 LOHAS survey data. The results show most Americans continue to have a meat-based diet irrespective of political party, with gender being the most consistent and robust explanatory factor for dietary choice. However, there are some notable shifts in dietary choice and significance for certain partisan affiliations that highlight how in-group dynamics may be reflective of attitude and behavioral norms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"232-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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