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Politics and the Life Sciences最新文献

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The politics of disease 疾病政治
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.25
Rose McDermott
{"title":"The politics of disease","authors":"Rose McDermott","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The COVID-19 pandemic highlights a long-known but often neglected aspect of international relations: the ability of disease to challenge and change all aspects of security, as well as the ability of public policies to change the course of disease progression. Diseases, especially mass epidemics like COVID-19, clearly affect political, economic, and social structures, but they can also be ameliorated or exacerbated by political policies, including public health policies. The threat of pandemic disease poses a widespread and increasing threat to international stability. Indeed, the political implications of pandemic disease have become increasingly evident as COVID-19 has precipitated death, economic collapse, and political instability around the globe. Any pandemic disease can precipitate catastrophes, from increasing health care costs to decreased productivity. This theoretical discussion highlights the intertwined interactions between social, political, and economic forces and the emergence and evolution of pandemic disease, with widespread implications for governance and international security.","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"44 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do sleep disruptions promote social fragmentation? 睡眠中断会导致社会分裂吗?
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.7
John Holbein, Charles Crabtree
{"title":"Do sleep disruptions promote social fragmentation?","authors":"John Holbein, Charles Crabtree","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.7","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep changes predate shifts in mood/affect, thought processing, mental and physical health, civic engagement, and contextual circumstances, among other things. Theory predicts that these changes may lead to shifts in political and social beliefs. Do sleep disruptions shape how individuals see the world, the people around them, and themselves in relation to others? In this article, we use daily survey data from the 77 waves (<i>N</i> ≈ 460,000) of the University of California, Los Angeles's 2019-2021 Nationscape Survey-a nationally representative political survey-to examine the effect of an exogenous short-term sleep disruption on measures of political views, polarization, and discriminatory beliefs. Using this data set, we leverage the modest sleep disruption that occurs at the start (and end) of Daylight Saving Time (DST) and employ a regression discontinuity in time design around the precise DST cutoff (which we supplement with event study models). Despite strong theoretical expectations and correlational connection between measures of sleep and many outcomes related to social fragmentation, we find that the DST change has little to no causal effect on citizens' levels of polarization or their discriminatory attitudes. These effects are precise enough to rule out small effects, robust to a host of specification checks, and consistent across potential subgroups of interest. Our work adds to a small but growing body of research on the social and political effects of sleep disruptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"205-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42796617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Election-Related Post-Traumatic Stress: Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election. 选举与创伤后压力：来自2020年美国总统选举的证据
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.8
Timothy Fraser, Costas Panagopoulos, Kevin Smith
{"title":"Election-Related Post-Traumatic Stress: Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election.","authors":"Timothy Fraser, Costas Panagopoulos, Kevin Smith","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.8","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2020 U.S. presidential election saw rising political tensions among ordinary voters and political elites, with fears of election violence culminating in the January 6 riot. We hypothesized that the 2020 election might have been traumatic for some voters, producing measurable symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also hypothesized that negative sentiment toward the opposing party correlates with PTSD. We measured PTSD using a modified version of the PCL-5, a validated PTSD screener, for 573 individuals from a nationally representative YouGov sample. We modeled the association between affective polarization and PTSD, controlling for political, demographic, and psychological traits. We estimate that 12.5% of American adults (95% CI: 9.2% to 15.9%) experienced election-related PTSD, far higher than the annual PTSD prevalence of 3.5%. Additionally, negativity toward opposing partisans correlated with PTSD symptoms. These findings highlight a potential need to support Americans affected by election-related trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"179-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47922263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimism and pessimism toward science: A new way to look at the public's evaluations of science and technology discoveries and recommendations. 对科学的乐观与悲观:一种看待公众对科学技术发现和建议评价的新方法
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.9
Ki Eun Kang, Arnold Vedlitz, Carol L Goldsmith, Ian Seavey
{"title":"Optimism and pessimism toward science: A new way to look at the public's evaluations of science and technology discoveries and recommendations.","authors":"Ki Eun Kang, Arnold Vedlitz, Carol L Goldsmith, Ian Seavey","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.9","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While there have always been those in the American public who mistrust science and scientists' views of the world, they have tended to be a minority of the larger public. Recent COVID-19 related events indicate that could be changing for some key groups. What might explain the present state of mistrust of science within an important component of the American public? In this study, we delve deeply into this question and examine what citizens today believe about science and technology and why, focusing on core theories of trust, risk concern, and political values and on the important role of science optimism and pessimism orientations. Using national public survey data, we examine the correlates of science optimism and pessimism and test the efficacy of this construct as drivers of biotechnology policy. We find that science optimism and pessimism are empirically useful constructs and that they are important predictors of biotechnology policy choices.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"234-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41756524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Trump's COVID-19 diagnosis and presidential illness. 特朗普的新冠肺炎诊断和总统疾病
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2020.28
Rose McDermott
{"title":"Trump's COVID-19 diagnosis and presidential illness.","authors":"Rose McDermott","doi":"10.1017/pls.2020.28","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2020.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>President Donald Trump's COVID-19 illness, and the treatments he received, raise serious concerns about the adequacy of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to handle cases of transient presidential incapacity. This is particularly challenging when the president refuses to acknowledge any impairment and resists any attempt to constrain his powers, even temporarily.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"319-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/pls.2020.28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49592501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Donald Trump's contribution to the study of politics and the life sciences. 唐纳德·特朗普对政治和生命科学研究的贡献
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.10
John R Hibbing
{"title":"Donald Trump's contribution to the study of politics and the life sciences.","authors":"John R Hibbing","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.10","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>If the life sciences are to have much to say about politics, there needs to be a universal element to political orientations. In this essay, I argue that the recent prominence of nativist, law-and-order, populist politicians reveals the nature of this universal element. All social units have to address bedrock dilemmas about how to deal with norm violators and how welcoming to be to outsiders as well as to proponents of new lifestyles. Might differences on these core dilemmas be the universal element of political life? Using the followers of one of the most prominent examples of a nativist political leader-Donald Trump-as an example, I present data showing that Trump's most earnest followers are different from others-even those who share their general ideological leanings-not on traditional economic or social issues, but rather on the group-based security issues that grow out of the bedrock dilemmas of social life.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41676596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concerns regarding Covid-19 vaccine certificates. 对Covid-19疫苗证书的担忧
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2020.29
Brian R Spisak, Eric J McNulty
{"title":"Concerns regarding Covid-19 vaccine certificates.","authors":"Brian R Spisak, Eric J McNulty","doi":"10.1017/pls.2020.29","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2020.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Besides vaccine certificates, research suggests leaders also need to trigger society's intrinsic motivation to help in order to achieve lasting and equitable solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"316-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/pls.2020.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48276315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The effects of COVID-19 on domestic and international security in democratic and authoritarian regimes 2019冠状病毒病对民主和专制政权国内和国际安全的影响
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.18
Kristen Topping, Yousef Hosny, Lance Y. Hunter, Yufan Yang
{"title":"The effects of COVID-19 on domestic and international security in democratic and authoritarian regimes","authors":"Kristen Topping, Yousef Hosny, Lance Y. Hunter, Yufan Yang","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While numerous studies have examined how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected health care systems, supply chains, and economies, we do not understand how the pandemic has impacted the security of democratic and authoritarian states from a global standpoint. Thus, this study examines how COVID-19 has affected the security of democratic and authoritarian regimes. In conducting a historical, qualitative review of the security effects of the pandemic, we find that COVID-19 significantly affected domestic and international security for democratic and authoritarian states in both similar and varied ways. Additionally, the manner in which states responded to the pandemic was often conditioned by their regime type and by the nature of the governing leadership during the pandemic. These findings have important implications in considering how COVID-19 affected the security of democratic and authoritarian states, how regime type shapes government responses to infectious disease outbreaks, and how democratic and authoritarian states may respond to future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scientific supremacy: How do genetic narratives relate to racism? 科学至上:基因叙事如何与种族主义相关?
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.15
H. Hannah Nam, Katherine Sawyer
{"title":"Scientific supremacy: How do genetic narratives relate to racism?","authors":"H. Hannah Nam, Katherine Sawyer","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent research suggests that contemporary American society is marked by heightened hostile racial rhetoric, alongside increasing salience of White nationalists who justify an ideology of racial hierarchy with claims of biological superiority. Media coverage of such genetics research has often emphasized a deterministic (or causal) narrative by suggesting that specific genes directly increase negative outcomes and highlighting reported genetic differences between racial groups. Across two experimental studies, we examine the effect of the media’s portrayal of scientific findings linking genes with negative health and behavioral outcomes on measures of racism. We find that deterministic genetic attributions for health and behavioral outcomes can lead to more negative racial out-group attitudes. Importantly, we also investigate potential interventions in the presentation of genetic science research. Our research has implications for understanding racial attitudes and racialized ideology in contemporary American politics, as well as for framing scientific communication in intergroup contexts.","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The gender gap in political interest: Heritability, gendered political socialization, and the enriched environment hypothesis 政治兴趣的性别差异:遗传性、性别政治社会化与丰富环境假说
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.16
Mathilde M. van Ditmars, Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz
{"title":"The gender gap in political interest: Heritability, gendered political socialization, and the enriched environment hypothesis","authors":"Mathilde M. van Ditmars, Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article uses a behavioral genetics approach to study gender differences in expressed political interest, applying the enriched environment hypothesis to gendered political socialization. As girls are less stimulated to develop an interest in politics than boys, we theorize that these differences in the socialization environment reduce the expression of girls’ genetic predispositions compared to boys’, leading to a gender gap in the heritability of this trait. Analyses using data on German twins (11–25 years) demonstrate relevant differences by gender and age in heritability estimates. While differences in political interest between boys are largely explained by genes, this is less the case for girls, as they have considerably higher shared environment estimates. Our results imply that gender differences in expressed political interest are sustained by both genetic variation and environmental influences (such as socialization), as well as the interaction between the two.","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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