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Can exposure to sexual objectification impact policy attitudes? Evidence from two survey experiments. 接触性物化会影响政策态度吗？来自两项调查实验的证据。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.5
Claire M Gothreau, Julian Schuessler, Amanda Milena Alvarez
{"title":"Can exposure to sexual objectification impact policy attitudes? Evidence from two survey experiments.","authors":"Claire M Gothreau, Julian Schuessler, Amanda Milena Alvarez","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.5","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research in social psychology has long argued that exposure to objectifying portrayals of women can lead to increasingly misogynist attitudes and behavior. We argue that such images can also impact on gendered policy attitudes. We suggest that objectifying images prime sexist attitudes and reduce perceptions of women's agency, warmth, and competence. We argue that this may translate into decreased support for reproductive rights and other gender-salient policies. Furthermore, these effects may vary by the gender of those exposed to these images. In two survey experiments with brief exposures to objectifying images, we find mixed support for these predictions. Although we find some negative effects as predicted, we also find positive effects of objectification among women in the sample that are suggestive of a backlash effect. We discuss potential explanations for this heterogeneity. Overall, our results suggest interesting avenues to further explore the effects of objectification on political outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"216-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The influence of President Trump's micro-expressions during his COVID-19 national address on viewers' emotional response. 特朗普总统在 COVID-19 全国演讲中的微表情对观众情绪反应的影响。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.8
Patrick A Stewart, Elena Svetieva, Jeffrey K Mullins
{"title":"The influence of President Trump's micro-expressions during his COVID-19 national address on viewers' emotional response.","authors":"Patrick A Stewart, Elena Svetieva, Jeffrey K Mullins","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.8","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This preregistered study replicates and extends studies concerning emotional response to wartime rally speeches and applies it to U.S. President Donald Trump's first national address regarding the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. We experimentally test the effect of a micro-expression (ME) by Trump associated with appraised threat on change in participant self-reported distress, sadness, anger, affinity, and reassurance while controlling for followership. We find that polarization is perpetuated in emotional response to the address which focused on portraying the COVID-19 threat as being of Chinese provenance. We also find a significant, albeit slight, effect by Trump's ME on self-reported sadness, suggesting that this facial behavior served did not diminish his speech, instead serving as a form of nonverbal punctuation. Further exploration of participant response using the Linguistic Inventory and Word Count software reinforces and extends these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"167-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interdisciplinary lessons and recommendations for the evaluation of replicability in behavioral sciences. 行为科学可复制性评估的跨学科经验和建议。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.28
Mitch Brown, Donald F Sacco
{"title":"Interdisciplinary lessons and recommendations for the evaluation of replicability in behavioral sciences.","authors":"Mitch Brown, Donald F Sacco","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.28","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2023.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the scientific community becomes aware of low replicability rates in the extant literature, peer-reviewed journals have begun implementing initiatives with the goal of improving replicability. Such initiatives center around various rules to which authors must adhere to demonstrate their engagement in best practices. Preliminary evidence in the psychological science literature demonstrates a degree of efficacy in these initiatives. With such efficacy in place, it would be advantageous for other fields of behavioral sciences to adopt similar measures. This letter provides a discussion on lessons learned from psychological science while similarly addressing the unique challenges of other sciences to adopt measures that would be most appropriate for their field. We offer broad considerations for peer-reviewed journals in their implementation of specific policies and recommend that governing bodies of science prioritize the funding of research that addresses these measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"235-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is political anxiety different than general anxiety? 政治焦虑与一般焦虑不同吗？
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.6
Aaron Weinschenk, Kevin Smith
{"title":"Is political anxiety different than general anxiety?","authors":"Aaron Weinschenk, Kevin Smith","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.6","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, there has been growing interest in the concept of political anxiety. One important question that remains unanswered is whether political anxiety is just a symptom of general anxiety-that those reporting anxiety tied to politics are the same individuals who would already score highly on measures of general anxiety. Using survey data collected in 2023 (<i>N</i> = 436), we find that measures of political and generalized anxiety do not appear to be tapping into a single underlying construct. In addition, the systematic correlates of these measures identified by previous literature are not equivalent predictors of the different types of anxiety. Politics seems to be a source of apprehensiveness and worry that affects individuals who are not necessarily suffering from general anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"226-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive decline and political leadership. 认知衰退与政治领导力
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2024.7
Steven Gong, Zifeng P Hu, S Nassir Ghaemi, Dave Min, Mark Mapstone, S S Sanbar, Manijeh Berenji, Shawn Rosenberg, Davin Phoenix, Mark Fisher
{"title":"Cognitive decline and political leadership.","authors":"Steven Gong, Zifeng P Hu, S Nassir Ghaemi, Dave Min, Mark Mapstone, S S Sanbar, Manijeh Berenji, Shawn Rosenberg, Davin Phoenix, Mark Fisher","doi":"10.1017/pls.2024.7","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2024.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cognitive deterioration of politicians is a critical emerging issue. As professions including law and medicine develop and implement cognitive assessments, their insights may inform the proper strategy within politics. The aging, lifetime-appointed judiciary raises legal and administrative questions of such assessments, while testing of older physicians experiencing cognitive decline provides real-life examples of implementation. In politics, cognitive assessment must contend with the field's unique challenges, also taking context-dependent interpretations of cognitive-neuropsychological status into account. These perspectives, from legal and medical experts, political scientists, and officeholders, can contribute toward an equitable, functioning, and non-discriminatory system of assessing cognition that educates the public and enables politicians to maintain their public responsibilities. With proper implementation and sufficient public knowledge, we believe cognitive assessments for politicians, particularly political candidates, can be valuable for maintaining properly functioning governance. We offer recommendations on the development, implementation, and execution of such assessments, grappling with their democratic and legal implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"185-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The politics of disease 疾病政治
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.25
Rose McDermott
{"title":"The politics of disease","authors":"Rose McDermott","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The COVID-19 pandemic highlights a long-known but often neglected aspect of international relations: the ability of disease to challenge and change all aspects of security, as well as the ability of public policies to change the course of disease progression. Diseases, especially mass epidemics like COVID-19, clearly affect political, economic, and social structures, but they can also be ameliorated or exacerbated by political policies, including public health policies. The threat of pandemic disease poses a widespread and increasing threat to international stability. Indeed, the political implications of pandemic disease have become increasingly evident as COVID-19 has precipitated death, economic collapse, and political instability around the globe. Any pandemic disease can precipitate catastrophes, from increasing health care costs to decreased productivity. This theoretical discussion highlights the intertwined interactions between social, political, and economic forces and the emergence and evolution of pandemic disease, with widespread implications for governance and international security.","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"44 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do sleep disruptions promote social fragmentation? 睡眠中断会导致社会分裂吗?
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.7
John Holbein, Charles Crabtree
{"title":"Do sleep disruptions promote social fragmentation?","authors":"John Holbein, Charles Crabtree","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.7","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep changes predate shifts in mood/affect, thought processing, mental and physical health, civic engagement, and contextual circumstances, among other things. Theory predicts that these changes may lead to shifts in political and social beliefs. Do sleep disruptions shape how individuals see the world, the people around them, and themselves in relation to others? In this article, we use daily survey data from the 77 waves (<i>N</i> ≈ 460,000) of the University of California, Los Angeles's 2019-2021 Nationscape Survey-a nationally representative political survey-to examine the effect of an exogenous short-term sleep disruption on measures of political views, polarization, and discriminatory beliefs. Using this data set, we leverage the modest sleep disruption that occurs at the start (and end) of Daylight Saving Time (DST) and employ a regression discontinuity in time design around the precise DST cutoff (which we supplement with event study models). Despite strong theoretical expectations and correlational connection between measures of sleep and many outcomes related to social fragmentation, we find that the DST change has little to no causal effect on citizens' levels of polarization or their discriminatory attitudes. These effects are precise enough to rule out small effects, robust to a host of specification checks, and consistent across potential subgroups of interest. Our work adds to a small but growing body of research on the social and political effects of sleep disruptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"205-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42796617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Election-Related Post-Traumatic Stress: Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election. 选举与创伤后压力：来自2020年美国总统选举的证据
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.8
Timothy Fraser, Costas Panagopoulos, Kevin Smith
{"title":"Election-Related Post-Traumatic Stress: Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election.","authors":"Timothy Fraser, Costas Panagopoulos, Kevin Smith","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.8","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2020 U.S. presidential election saw rising political tensions among ordinary voters and political elites, with fears of election violence culminating in the January 6 riot. We hypothesized that the 2020 election might have been traumatic for some voters, producing measurable symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also hypothesized that negative sentiment toward the opposing party correlates with PTSD. We measured PTSD using a modified version of the PCL-5, a validated PTSD screener, for 573 individuals from a nationally representative YouGov sample. We modeled the association between affective polarization and PTSD, controlling for political, demographic, and psychological traits. We estimate that 12.5% of American adults (95% CI: 9.2% to 15.9%) experienced election-related PTSD, far higher than the annual PTSD prevalence of 3.5%. Additionally, negativity toward opposing partisans correlated with PTSD symptoms. These findings highlight a potential need to support Americans affected by election-related trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"179-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47922263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimism and pessimism toward science: A new way to look at the public's evaluations of science and technology discoveries and recommendations. 对科学的乐观与悲观:一种看待公众对科学技术发现和建议评价的新方法
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.9
Ki Eun Kang, Arnold Vedlitz, Carol L Goldsmith, Ian Seavey
{"title":"Optimism and pessimism toward science: A new way to look at the public's evaluations of science and technology discoveries and recommendations.","authors":"Ki Eun Kang, Arnold Vedlitz, Carol L Goldsmith, Ian Seavey","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.9","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While there have always been those in the American public who mistrust science and scientists' views of the world, they have tended to be a minority of the larger public. Recent COVID-19 related events indicate that could be changing for some key groups. What might explain the present state of mistrust of science within an important component of the American public? In this study, we delve deeply into this question and examine what citizens today believe about science and technology and why, focusing on core theories of trust, risk concern, and political values and on the important role of science optimism and pessimism orientations. Using national public survey data, we examine the correlates of science optimism and pessimism and test the efficacy of this construct as drivers of biotechnology policy. We find that science optimism and pessimism are empirically useful constructs and that they are important predictors of biotechnology policy choices.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"234-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41756524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Trump's COVID-19 diagnosis and presidential illness. 特朗普的新冠肺炎诊断和总统疾病
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2020.28
Rose McDermott
{"title":"Trump's COVID-19 diagnosis and presidential illness.","authors":"Rose McDermott","doi":"10.1017/pls.2020.28","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2020.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>President Donald Trump's COVID-19 illness, and the treatments he received, raise serious concerns about the adequacy of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to handle cases of transient presidential incapacity. This is particularly challenging when the president refuses to acknowledge any impairment and resists any attempt to constrain his powers, even temporarily.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"319-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/pls.2020.28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49592501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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