Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal最新文献

{"title":"Comportamientos inadecuados de connotación sexual en el ejercicio profesional: denuncias ante el Tribunal de Ética Médica (Uruguay, 2012–2024)","authors":"Evangelina Pérez Real,&nbsp;Jessica Filosi Piedrahíta,&nbsp;Natalia Bazán Hernández,&nbsp;Hugo Rodríguez Almada","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Sexual violence is a globally prevalent phenomenon that impacts all sectors, including the medical profession. Several publications have raised concerns about inappropriate sexual behavior in professional practice. This is the first Uruguayan report, aimed at systematically organizing the complaints submitted regarding these sexual transgressions to the official tribunal responsible for the ethical oversight of the profession.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This is a retrospective, observational study examining the judgments issued since 2012.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Complaints related to this issue constituted 11.77 % of the total. All physicians reported were male. Psychiatrists and gynecologists were the most frequently cited specialists and received the most severe sanctions. Nearly all complainants were women. Many complaints involved physical contact and verbal abuse and almost all complaints resulted in sanctions against the physicians, including professional suspensions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The limited number of cases requires caution in conclusions. From the data we report, based on all reported cases, the following emerges: 1) Inappropriate sexual behaviors in professional settings are not exceptional. 2) They are underrepresented within the realm of complaints related to breaches of medical ethics. 3) These behaviors reflect gender inequality and are exacerbated by other asymmetries inherent in the clinical relationship and hierarchical structures. 4) Users of mental health and gynecological services are particularly vulnerable. 5) Despite evidentiary challenges, legal proceedings succeed in overcoming the presumption of innocence and sanctioning offenders. 6) A lack of national regulations with greater specificity for such transgressions was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análisis médico-legal de las reclamaciones por responsabilidad patrimonial en atención primaria y urgencia extrahospitalaria de la Comunidad de Madrid","authors":"Fernando León Vázquez ,&nbsp;Ángel Nieto Sánchez ,&nbsp;Andrés S. Santiago-Sáez","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Primary care (PC) and out-of-hospital emergency services (SUMMA112) are high-risk areas for malpractice claims due to their volume of activity and inherent uncertainty. Compensation claims that do not involve criminal liability require a preliminary administrative procedure. We analyzed the reasons and outcomes of these resolutions.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional observational study of advisory opinions issued by the Legal Advisory Commission of the Community of Madrid regarding compensation claims for out-of-hospital healthcare liability between 2013 and 2022. The variables analyzed included administrative, clinical, judicial, temporal, and compensatory factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 616 rulings, 75 (12.2%) were related to out-of-hospital care: 43 (57.3%) in family medicine in PC and 28 (37.3%) in SUMMA112. Of these 42.7% were partially or fully upheld. The median compensation was €37,744 (range €600–€370,000). The 34 (45.3%) patients who died received more favorable outcomes (55.9% vs. 31.7%) with higher compensations (€47,900 vs. €22,900). The average delay between the claim and the opinion was 775 days. Reasons for claims included delayed or erroneous diagnosis in 42 cases (50,6%), treatment errors in 14 (16,9%), malpractice in 10 (12%), informed consent issues in 9 (10,8%) and adverse treatment effects in 7 (8,4%). The most frequent diseases were acute cardiovascular conditions (27%, including myocardial infarction and stroke), oncological diseases (16%), vaccine-related incidents (8%), and trauma (8%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute cardiovascular and oncological pathologies generated the highest number of claims. Diagnostic delay or error was the primary reason cited, often linked to the loss of opportunity. Less than half of the claims were upheld, with compensation amounts significantly lower than those requested, and higher amounts awarded in cases involving patient death. Resolution times exceeded two years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesionología maxilofacial en violencia de género: Estudio descriptivo de casos de Valparaíso, Chile","authors":"Denisse Lagos Tissie ,&nbsp;Marcos Faúndes Pinto ,&nbsp;Jesús Silva Melo ,&nbsp;Alejandra Montoya Barrena ,&nbsp;Camila Contreras Vicencio","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Violence against women is one of the most widespread violations of human rights globally. In these cases, it is common to find injuries in the maxillofacial area, which can leave various types of sequelae.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To characterize maxillofacial injuries from the examinations carried out under the Gender Protocol at the Valparaíso Legal Medical Service, Chile.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A qualitative retrospective study was conducted using data collected from maxillofacial injury reports conducted between 2020 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 51 examinations were analyzed: the age of the victims ranged from 21–73 years, with the majority being homemakers and unmarried. In most cases, the aggressions were perpetrated by the women's current partners at their shared residence. In nearly a third of the cases, the aggression occurred in the presence of minors. The most commonly used injurious mechanisms were blunt and asphyxiation. There were injuries to soft tissues and hard tissues. The medicolegal prognosis in the majority of cases was less severe.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The evaluation of maxillofacial injuries by a dentist is fundamental, especially to assess intraoral injuries. Dentists should be familiar with forensic dentistry in these contexts, in order to accurately document injuries and contribute to the administration of justice. Professionals who tend to these victims should do so in an environment that provides support and comfort to the female victims, as the verification of injuries is often their first interaction with institutional authorities and can be decisive in their decision to proceed with legal action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervención médico-forense en las inundaciones de Valencia de octubre de 2024","authors":"Eneko Barbería ,&nbsp;Marta Grijalba","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Condiloma acuminado oral en una menor de 7 años. Controversias médico-legales en su vía de transmisión","authors":"Carlos Chérrez Bermejo ,&nbsp;María Ilundáin Cabedo ,&nbsp;Guillermo Cabero López ,&nbsp;Isabel Ibarrola Hermoso de Mendoza ,&nbsp;Raquel Amatriain Pileño ,&nbsp;María Muñiz Lorenzo","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 1","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carta al editor sobre el articulo Coloración visceral post mortem debido al azul de metileno","authors":"Christoph G. Birngruber,&nbsp;Stefanie Plenzig,&nbsp;Constanze Nieß,&nbsp;Johannes Baumgarten","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 1","pages":"Article 100420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nota del publisher","authors":"Beatriz Mas","doi":"10.1016/S0377-4732(25)00016-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0377-4732(25)00016-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 1","pages":"Article 500448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muertes en custodia: Un problema complejo","authors":"Sonsoles Castro Herranz","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 1","pages":"Article 500444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El reto del relevo generacional desde la gobernanza robusta en los institutos de medicina legal y ciencias forenses de España. Un ejemplo de liderazgo y gestión pública en el Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Alicante","authors":"Mar Pastor-Bravo ,&nbsp;Miquel Salvador-Serna ,&nbsp;Rosana Marcos-Ramos ,&nbsp;Eneko Barbería-Marcalain ,&nbsp;Marta Grijalba-Mazo ,&nbsp;Rafael Bañón-González ,&nbsp;César Casado-de Santiago ,&nbsp;Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Padial","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, the Institutes of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (IMLCF) are in a turbulent environment favored by the emergence of new challenges and different professional categories and demands, all of this linked to the generational change and the imminent change in the qualification requirements for access to the Corps of Forensic Doctors. Beyond the need for greater resources, the convenience of exploring the capacities of the IMLCF to face these challenges is raised. From the emerging paradigm of robust governance, articulated from four institutional capacities (strategic, management, relational and analytical) a scheme is proposed that allows the articulation of change proposals to promote the systematic reinforcement of the IMLCF.</div><div>To do this, an operating model based on flexibility with adaptive capacity must be implemented, but which integrates the essential stability to maintain its basic activities.</div><div>It is proposed to plan and give proposals for improvement that help to successfully face the challenge of generational change in forensic medicine professionals taking the IMLCF of Alicante as an example.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 1","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sumisión química. Evaluación del grado de conocimiento de los profesionales sanitarios","authors":"Esperanza López Hidalgo,&nbsp;María Victoria Villalba Soria,&nbsp;Desirée Ruiz Ruano","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Chemical submission is a phenomenon that has become increasingly important in recent years and doctors who care for a victim should have enough knowledge about it. Our objective is to determine the degree of knowledge of doctors who, in their professional condition, could assist to a chemical submission victim.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>We have carried out a survey among health workers who can assist to a chemical submission victim in order to determine their level of knowledge in this matter.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results show that doctors think they don't have enough knowledge about chemical submission.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Specific training programs in chemical submission should be implemented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 1","pages":"Article 100419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}