Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal最新文献

{"title":"Estudio poblacional forense de la muerte súbita inexplicada en la epilepsia en niños y jóvenes durante el periodo 1991-2021","authors":"Klaudia I. Bidaurrazaga ,&nbsp;Joaquín Lucena ,&nbsp;Benito Morentin","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of mortality in young epileptic patients. The objective of the work is to analyze its frequency and clinical-pathological characteristics as a cause of sudden death in epileptics under 35 years of age.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective population study of all SUDEP in people aged 1–35 years in Bizkaia (period 1991–2021) and Seville (2004–2021) investigated in the Forensic Pathology Services (FPS). In each case, a complete autopsy was carried out with histopathological and toxicological studies, and review of clinical and circumstantial data. Data from the Mortality Registry for deaths by epilepsy were examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>101 deaths due to epilepsy were registered in the Mortality Registries and 46 SUDEP cases in the FPS, representing 6% of forensic sudden deaths in this age population. A high frequency of post-traumatic epilepsy cases (n = 5), brain abnormalities (n = 5) or epilepsy associated to developmental disorders (n = 4) or mental retardation (n = 3) was observed. The toxicological analysis was positive in 75%, highlighting the presence of antiepileptic drugs (n = 26). Illegal drugs were detected in 5 young people, mainly cocaine (n = 3). Death was unwitnessed in most subjects (85%) and occurred at night (n = 63%) while sleeping.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>SUDEP in children and young people is infrequent, however it is an important cause of mortality in epileptics. Although the mechanisms are not well understood, it is recommended to strengthen the medical control of epilepsy in youth, mainly in patients with post-traumatic or post-surgical epilepsy or in those who have associated developmental disorders or mental retardation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Las principales novedades del R.D. 888/2022, procedimiento para el reconocimiento, declaración y calificación del grado de discapacidad","authors":"Andrés S. Santiago-Sáez","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reml.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139504231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hallazgos histopatológicos en la disección y rotura de la aorta torácica. Estudio de 54 casos de autopsia","authors":"Juan L. García-Pérez,&nbsp;Marta Martín-Gómez,&nbsp;M. Paz Suárez-Mier","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Thoracic aortic dissection/rupture has a high mortality, constituting 3.9-5.4% of sudden deaths in forensic series. Medial histopathological findings associated with these entities have received multiple terms and definitions. In 2016, the European Association for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology published a consensus document, applied to surgical specimens, to unify criteria. The aim of this work is to assess its application in forensic autopsies. A secondary objective is to study inflammatory changes useful for dating.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Aortic histological preparations of the 54 cases of sudden deaths due to aortic rupture/dissection studied between 2019 and 2022 were reviewed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Medial degeneration was observed in 49 cases (90.8%) (severe in 42.9%). By lesions, the order of frequency was: fragmentation and/or loss of elastic fibers (74.1%); accumulation of extracellular mucoid matrix (61.1%); loss of smooth muscle cell nuclei (48.1%) and collapse of the media (44.4%). Some lesions of the consensus paper could not be assessed. No significant differences were found by age; presence or not of collagenopathies; or bi/tricuspid aortic valves. Granulation tissue or neutrophilic infiltrate was observed in those deceased with pain several days or &lt;24 h before death, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>With the application of the document, lesions in the media are found in &gt;90% of cases and fundamental lesions can be studied. The inflammatory response to rupture/dissection appears to correlate with the timing of dissection/rupture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55111634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tratamiento de la informacion de violencia de género. Con aportaciones de la inteligencia artificial","authors":"M. Eulàlia Trias Capella ,&nbsp;Raquel Guardia Villalba ,&nbsp;Ramon Trias Capella","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><p>Violence against women is still a serious social and health problem, despite the measures implemented in recent years. The examination of the victims by the forensic doctor in the courts is of great interest since it provides information related not only to the aggression, but also to their social, family and economic environment. The objective is to use this information to identify groups at risk and improve/implement the necessary measures.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>In this work, the forensic has collected, for eight years, abundant data on the victims examined in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat. The sample includes 1,622 cases of women who have been victims of gender violence. A descriptive study of the population and of the lesions has been carried out.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The paper presents the main variables studied, both socioeconomic and referring to the aggression itself. This study also analyzes the reentry of the victims, the repetition of aggressions (revictimization), which are 10.9% of the sample. Finally, the results obtained after applying artificial intelligence techniques -in this case, CaRT classification trees- are presented.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>With the results obtained, we conclude that the treatment of the information collected and systematized from the medical-forensic intervention allows a better understanding of Violence Against Women, from which we can extract suggestions on the adoption of care and support measures for the victims and the most vulnerable groups, as well as administrative resources and the optimization of prevention programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55111691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homicidio por combinación de métodos de asfixia","authors":"Gustavo A. Breglia ,&nbsp;Marcelo H. Uzal ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Homicide by combination of suffocation methods is observed mainly in elderly people or with some physical impediment capable of counteracting the aggression.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>A retrospective observational study was carried out on 634 autopsies. Five met the characteristics of homicides by combination of asphyxiation methods.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two men and three women, average age 69 years, with negative toxicological studies, victims of a single aggressor, presented peri orificial skin lesions (mouth and nose), muscle hemorrhages in the thorax, rib fractures, blunt injuries to the head interpreted as like submission<em>.</em></p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>In the combination of asphyxia methods the findings that must be seen together: Head injuries to subdue the victim, skin lesions on the neck, face, inner face of the lips, rib fractures, and counter-pressure injuries to the back, buttocks, or elbows. Contextualized together, can explain the dynamics of this homicidal modality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caracterización epidemiológica y hallazgos en homicidios por sofocación con bolsas de plástico en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia 2008-2021","authors":"Jorge Iván Pareja-Pineda","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reml.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This study describes the characteristics of the victims of deaths by homicidal suffocation with plastic bags in the period between 2008 and 2021, in autopsies performed at the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of the city of Medellín.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out, whose information was obtained from the autopsy reports made by forensic doctors of the institution.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 38,772 autopsies performed, 17,703 were homicides, of which 96 (0.54%) were due to the use of plastic bags to produce death. Of the 96 cases analyzed, 92.7% (89) corresponded to men and 7.3% (7) to women. The young male population between the ages of 15 and 27 was the most affected; 74.4% (71) entered as unidentified corpses and in 17.1% (14) the diagnosis of torture was considered within the analysis of the legal medical necropsy.</p><p>The findings of suffocation in the external examination were facial congestion 67.1% (55), petechiae in the conjunctivae 63.4% (52), petechiae on the face 28.0% (23), lesions in the internal oral mucosa 61.0% (50), and abrasions in the labial commissures 25.6% (21) due to the use of foreign elements in the oral cavity or application of asphyctic maneuvers. 58.5% (56) presented signs of trauma in other parts of the body that did not explain the cause of death. 36.4% (35) had plastic bags covering the head and adjusted to the neck with some element, 32.3% (31) transparent tape attached to the plastic bag that covered the head and 31.3% (30) presented a plastic film with the trade name Vinipel MR. 76.8% (73) had their hands and feet tied when the body was found at the scene.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first step to obtain information on the characterization of individuals and their macroscopic findings related to homicide deaths due to suffocation with plastic bags, to warn about the actions of organized criminal groups and their practices in the transnational context. However, its analysis requires an adequate exploration of the scene, the results of the investigations carried out by the authority and the performance of an exhaustive necropsy to achieve a diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92063007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actualización sobre los aspectos neurobiológicos, clínicos y de tratamiento sobre el juego patológico","authors":"Neus Solé-Morata ,&nbsp;Fernando Fernández-Aranda ,&nbsp;Isabel Baenas ,&nbsp;Mónica Gómez-Peña ,&nbsp;Laura Moragas ,&nbsp;Milagros Lizbeth Lara-Huallipe ,&nbsp;Bernat Mora-Maltas ,&nbsp;Anahí Gaspar ,&nbsp;Lucía Camacho-Barcia ,&nbsp;Ignacio Lucas ,&nbsp;Lucero Munguía ,&nbsp;Susana Jiménez-Murcia","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2022.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2022.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gambling is an increasingly more common activity in our society, especially with the advent of new gambling modalities, such as online gambling. Although many people gamble without undergoing health problems, some individuals develop gambling disorder (GD). In recent years, the concern about this disorder has growth substantially among researchers and clinicians, and the number of studies exploring its etiopathogenesis and risk factors has increased significantly. Indeed, certain groups of individuals may have an elevated risk for GD; for example, being male, young, people with low socioeconomic, high impulsivity and emotional instability. From a neurobiological perspective, GD has been associated with alterations in neurotransmitter systems involved in motivation and reward processing. Likewise, some studies have reported that hormonal factors may play an important role in the development and maintenance of GD. Taken together, all these findings have contributed to the improvement of preventive and treatment interventions of gambling disorder. However, further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of this disorder. The present review offers an update on the main clinical, neurobiological and treatment aspects of gambling disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49562035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muerte por sangrado umbilical en el adulto","authors":"Mercè Subirana-Domènech,&nbsp;Helena Martínez-Alcázar","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 164-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55111801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluación métrica de caninos permanentes para la estimación sexual en la Colección “Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre”, Buenos Aires, Argentina","authors":"Gonzalo Garizoain ,&nbsp;Claudia Aranda ,&nbsp;Leandro Luna","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Sex estimation is a fundamental aspect of forensic work as a mandatory step for the identification of human remains of unknown origin. The methodological analysis of the dentition as a sexual estimator is important due to its high degree of preservation. Considering the need for specific information regarding the potential of dentition for sex estimation in forensic cases from Argentina, the aim of this study is to evaluate the proposal previously developed by Luna (2019) in a local sample of human skeletal remains.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A sample of 152 permanent canines belonging to 98 individuals of both sexes was selected- The individuals belong to the Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre osteological collection (La Plata, Argentina). Luna's proposal (2019) was applied to estimate sex from canine crown and neck metrics, which considers direct measurements and different types of discriminant functions and logistic regressions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Only the cervical mesiodistal diameter showed acceptable results (&gt;<!--> <!-->75%) for sex estimation. Moreover, discriminant function 1 showed a posteriori probabilities of correct classifications greater than 0.75 and logistic regressions 1 and 3 offered acceptable overall results.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This proposal based on the metric recording of permanent canines constitutes an adequate methodological alternative in situations in which the diagnostic bone elements of sex are deteriorated or absent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49614011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Víctimas de trata de seres humanos: una realidad emergente en medicina forense","authors":"Elena Cano ,&nbsp;Anna Mateu ,&nbsp;Antonia Bertomeu ,&nbsp;Alexandre Xifró","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reml.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 123-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92063008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}