Journal of Environmental Management最新文献

{"title":"Microplastic removal, identification and characterization in Chennai sewage treatment plants.","authors":"I Ronald Win Roy, A Stanley Raj, Stefano Viaroli","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sewage treatment plants (STPs) act as either sinks or sources of microplastic (MP) contamination in the environment. This study examined and assessed the occurrence, removal efficiencies, abundance and characteristics of MPs in two STPs in Chennai, India. Large volumes of influent and effluent water were collected and filtered on site via a filter in a series system. The samples were later treated in the laboratory to isolate the MPs from other organic and inorganic particles. The MPs were analysed via Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to analyse the chemical composition of the isolated microplastics. Pollution load index (PLI) and EU classification, labelling and packaging (CLP) standard was incorporated to assess the pollution risk of MPs in STP. According to the results obtained from this research work, the MP concentrations in the influent waters were high for both STPs (5443 MPs/L and 4800 MPs/L). Although the MP removal efficiency of the STPs were quite high (~96 % and ~93 %), the pollution load indices at Kodungaiyur and Koyambedu STPs were observed to be 0.272 and 0.208 respectively, which were moderately contaminated. PORI scores revealed that Kodungaiyur Plant is in danger level I with the hazard score of 9.25 and Koyambedu plant is in danger level II with the hazard score of 12.78. The estimated quantity of the MPs discharged from the monitored STPs was approximately 28.4 & 28.2 billion MPs/day.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"380 ","pages":"125120"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing climate change and human impacts on runoff and hydrological droughts in the Yellow River Basin using a machine learning-enhanced hydrological modeling approach.","authors":"Lei Wang, Yi Li, Asim Biswas, Yong Zhao, Ben Niu, Kadambot H M Siddique","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Analyzing the impacts of climate change (CC) and human activities (HA) on hydrological events is important for water resource management. This study quantifies the impacts of CC and HA on runoff and hydrological drought characteristics (HDC) in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) of China. Trends and abrupt change points in runoff at 16 hydrological stations were detected. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Random Forest (RF), and five bias-correction models, including SWAT_RF_bias3 which integrated SWAT outputs with RF using maximal precipitation and temperature inputs, were evaluated for their efficacy in monthly runoff simulation. The \"simulated-observed\" method was employed to assess the contributions of CC and HA to runoff and HDC variations. Results indicated a general decrease in runoff across the stations during 1961-2016. SWAT_RF_bias3 emerged as the superior model, highlighting the importance of high precipitation in the headwater region and near the main channel of the midstream for accurate runoff simulation. HA was found to contribute significantly more (68-95 %) to runoff reductions than CC. Additionally, CC predominantly influenced the frequency decrease in severe and extreme hydrological droughts, while HA was the main driver behind the increased magnitude and duration of extreme droughts. These findings underscore the complex interplay between CC and HA in water resource management and the effectiveness of bias-correction models in enhancing hydrological simulations in the YRB.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"380 ","pages":"125091"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractionation of phosphate oxygen isotope in the leachate of phosphogypsum during its infiltration.","authors":"Fen Xu, Shun Fu, Haiyan Hu, Jiahao He, Shimeng Mou, Yanhua Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oxygen isotope composition of phosphate (δ¹⁸O-PO₄^3-) is a valuable tool for tracing the origins of phosphate (PO₄³^-) in the environment. However, the presence of microorganisms can pose challenges in identifying potential sources of PO₄³^- in complex environment, such as groundwater. Given that phosphogypsum leachate (PGL) significantly contributes to groundwater P pollution, the infiltration of PGL into aquifers may alter the fractionation of δ¹⁸O-PO₄^3-, thereby impacting the application of δ¹⁸O-PO₄^3- techniques in tracing the origin of PO₄³^- within groundwater. The present study investigated the influence of environmental conditions and the properties of PGL, such as low pH and high concentrations of fluoride and sulfate, on the fractionation of δ¹⁸O-PO₄^3-. The results revealed that that the presence of microorganisms led to an increase in the δ¹⁸O-PO₄^3- from 10.13 ‰ to 10.92 ‰, while no significant change was observed in a sterilized environment. The fractionation of δ¹⁸O-PO₄^3- adhered to the Rayleigh fractionation model with a fractionation coefficient of -2.97 ‰ (R² = 0.977). Furthermore, high concentrations of fluoride ions were observed to impede the kinetic fractionation of δ¹⁸O-PO₄^3- by suppressing microbial activities, which was consistent with the Rayleigh fractionation model. Additionally, low pH inhibited pyrophosphatase activity, thereby impeding equilibrium fractionation of δ¹⁸O-PO₄^3-. Under anaerobic conditions, sulfate ions contributed to transient fractionations through sulfate reduction-mediated Fe/Al-P release, however, this effect disappeared upon reaching adsorption equilibrium. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into understanding the factors influencing δ¹⁸O-PO₄^3- fractionations during the infiltration of PGL from soil to groundwater.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"380 ","pages":"125080"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of livestock manure nitrogen recycling on county scale in China.","authors":"Binhui Chen, Baojing Gu, Xiuming Zhang, Luxi Cheng, Chen Wang, Hongmin Dong, Gerard H Ros, Wim de Vries, Mengru Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the world's largest livestock producer, China faces pressing challenges in recycling manure to minimize resource waste and environmental degradation resulting from the vast amounts of manure generated. Understanding the drivering forces behind manure recycling is essential for advancing sustainable agriculture in China. This study estimated the manure recycling ratio (MRR), measured by nitrogen content, across 2853 Chinese counties using data from 390,000 farms representing four major livestock farming types in 2017. Northern Chinese counties demonstrated significantly higher MRRs, with values exceeding 50 %, compared to Southern regions, with values being lower than 30 %. Higher MRRs were linked to larger cropland size, higher urbanization levels, and a greater proportion of chicken farming. In contrast, MRRs declined in regions with higher temperatures, increased precipitation, higher manure production per livestock unit, a greater emphasis on pig farming, and an ageing rural population. Notably, natural factors such as temperature and precipitation predominantly influenced MRRs in both Southern and Northern China, whereas socioeconomic factors like cropland size and urbanization were more impactful in Eastern and Southwestern regions. These findings highlight the need for region-specific strategies that account for natural and socioeconomic conditions to enhance manure recycling practices across China.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"380 ","pages":"125075"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to \"Influence of vegetation pattern and aridity on soil properties related soil available water in the Mediterranean regions\" [J. Environ. Manag. 366 (2024) 121841].","authors":"Qi Wang, Xiaole Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124985","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":" ","pages":"124985"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the nonlinear relationships between environmental policy components and share energy from renewable sources.","authors":"Yixin Chang, Long Zhou, Sihong Li, Yu Liu, Cody Yu-Ling Hsiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms and nonlinear relationships between different components of environmental policies and the share of energy derived from renewable sources remain poorly understood. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of 13 policy components across three categories of environmental policies, namely, market-based policies, non-market-based policies, and technology support policies, in 19 representative OECD countries from 2004 to 2020, was conducted. Random Forest models were employed to explore the relationships between these policy components and the share of energy from renewable sources. The study successfully identifies the nonlinear relationships, and highlights the varying impact of environmental policy components at different levels. Results indicate that the carbon dioxide tax, expenditure on low-carbon research and development, and the particulate matter emission limit are the most influential components in the model. Analysis of interaction effects across policy categories showed that the combination of the carbon dioxide tax and solar energy support yields the most remarkable synergistic effects on increasing the share of energy from renewable sources. Conversely, the coupling of the carbon dioxide tax with the particulate matter emission limit exhibits strong antagonistic effects. These findings advance knowledge by quantifying relative policy importance, threshold effects, and interactions, bridging gaps in understanding how distinct policy components drive renewable energy transitions. This study identifies key policy stringency levels for achieving specific renewable energy targets and recommends that policymakers adopt a well-coordinated policy mix, considering the potential synergistic and antagonistic effects, to achieve more effective outcomes and mitigate policy conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"380 ","pages":"125065"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil and crop interaction analysis for yield prediction with satellite imagery and deep learning techniques for the coastal regions.","authors":"S Mahalakshmi, A Jose Anand, Pachaivannan Partheeban","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crop yield is a significant factor in world income and poverty alleviation as well as food production through agriculture. Conventional crop yield forecasting approaches that employ subjective estimates including farmers' perceptions are imprecise and contain high variability over large farming areas, particularly in areas where data is limited. The improvement of data capture techniques in the last few years especially from high-resolution sensors and Deep Learning (DL) have enhanced the quality and scope of agricultural data to assist policymakers and administrators. Mostly researchers used various techniques for independently forecasting soil fertility and crop yield. In image processing, Sentinel-2 is one technique that enhances agriculture, especially in analyzing crop health and type of soil prediction. Using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for processing the red and near-infrared bands allows computation ranges between -1 and 1. The values are higher than 0.7, the crops are in good health, or the values are less than 0.3 means crops are under stress. Therefore, information about soil types and NDVI data provide the most elaborate recommendations regarding agriculture. This is done through executing superior picture analysis and verification for precise errors below 5 %. It also develops a rainfall-runoff forecast through a Convolutional Neural Network approach. Our proposed methodology attains an average accuracy of about 98.7 % compared with traditional approaches average is about 85 %-90 %. A high-accuracy model of this type facilitates a spatial and temporal resolution of five days and improves farmers' irrigation process since it offers more accurate agronomic decisions. This research may lead in the agriculture and deep learning applications for economic and societal improvement. Application of artificial intelligence in agriculture synchronizes relevancy from satellite imagery making precision smart and boosting food productivity by 20 % with better utilization of resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"380 ","pages":"125095"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on small sample carbon emission prediction based on improved TimeGAN: A case study of the Yangtez River Delta urban agglomeration in China.","authors":"Huihui Lu, Yiru Dai, Ting Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon emission prediction at the urban level is essential for effective reduction strategies. However, in the research on carbon emission prediction of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China, it faces the challenges of difficult carbon emission calculation at the city scale, difficulty in carbon emission data collection, and insufficient data amount, which together hinder accurate forecasting of future urban emissions, presenting a classic small-sample dilemma. To address this, this paper first proposes a new carbon emission calculation model that integrates socio-economic data and nighttime light data to calculate urban carbon emission, categorizing cities into four types: high-tech, industrial support, private economy, and resource support. The multivariate regression model is used to calibrate the fitting coefficient of the nighttime light data of each city to correct the carbon emission calculation model, which significantly improves the accuracy of carbon emission calculation at the city scale. Furthermore, this paper proposes an improved carbon emission data augmentation model (TimeTGAN) based on time-generation adversarial network by introducing bidirectional temporal convolutional network (BiTCN) and dilated causal convolutions to effectively capture long-term dependencies in time series data, thereby generating more accurate and coherent carbon emission data. Comparison with conventional data augmentation methods shows that the TimeTGAN model offers a higher-quality experimental dataset for carbon emission prediction models. Finally, spatial autocorrelation analysis is used to reveal the spatial correlation of carbon emission. Based on this, a ConvLSTM spatiotemporal sequence prediction model is used to predict city-scale carbon emission and conduct an analysis of the prediction results.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"380 ","pages":"125076"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring turbid eutrophic shallow lakes to a clear-water state by combined biomanipulation and chemical treatment: A 4-hectare in-situ experiment in subtropical China.","authors":"Bo Li, Deyuan Chen, Jichong Lu, Suxia Liu, Jiale Wu, Lei Gan, Xiaoqin Yang, Xiaolin He, Hu He, Jinlei Yu, Ping Zhong, Yali Tang, Xiufeng Zhang, Yingxun Du, Yaling Su, Baohua Guan, Feizhou Chen, Kuanyi Li, Erik Jeppesen, Zhengwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While biomanipulation and chemical treatments have been applied to speed up the recovery of shallow eutrophic lakes through top-down and bottom-up effects, the efficacy of a combined approach has received less attention. We conducted a large-scale (4 ha) restoration experiment in an isolated part of Lake Yanglan, a shallow eutrophic lake in subtropical China. Here, lanthanum-modified bentonite and polyaluminium chloride were applied after fish removal, followed by transplantation of submerged macrophytes. Samples were collected from within the experimentally restored area and the unrestored area of the lake throughout the study period (August 2017 to May 2018), and data were compared for three periods: 1) fish removal period, 2) chemical treatment and macrophyte transplantation period, and 3) after full restoration. Compared to the unrestored area, water clarity (Secchi depth, SD) increased, total suspended solids and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations decreased significantly in the restored area across the whole study period, while total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations declined significantly in the second and third period. Phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll α concentrations, Chl a) decreased significantly during fish removal in period 1 and after full restoration in period 3, but not in the intervening chemical treatment in period 2. After full restoration, mean SD had increased by a factor of 6.2 (from 29 to 181 cm), mean TN had decreased by 26 % (from 1.68 to 1.25 mg/L), TP by 72 % (from 0.18 to 0.05 mg/L), and Chl a by 78 % (from 49 to 11 μg/L) in the restored area compared to the control. The mobile phosphorus content of surface sediments significantly decreased after full restoration. The zooplankton to phytoplankton biomass ratio in the restored area increased after full restoration, peaking in March when Daphnia abundance was high, indicating enhanced grazing control on phytoplankton. However, the ratio was low in the warm months, likely due to fish recruitment that led to stronger predation on zooplankton. Our eight-month experiment showed that a clear-water state can be successfully restored using a combined approach of biomanipulation and chemical in a subtropical shallow lake. Yet, given that external and internal nutrient loading may increase and the zooplankton to phytoplankton biomass ratio decrease in summer due to the region's subtropical monsoon climate, maintaining a stable clear-water state in the long term may require additional measures such as periodic thinning of the fish stock and/or chemical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"380 ","pages":"125061"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus in water-sediment system of eutrophic lake amended with biochar-supported Effective Microorganisms: Temporal variation and remediation.","authors":"Siqun Tang, Jilai Gong, Juan Li, Biao Song, Weicheng Cao, Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eutrophication has received worldwide attention, and bioremediation is progressive research of lake control. In a five-month cultivation study, we aim to reduce various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water-sediment system of eutrophic lakes amended with biochar/Effective Microorganisms (EMs) combined with different means. Self-organizing maps revealed that in the absence of exogenous contamination, the nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water-sediment systems were greatly driven by the temporal variation in cultivation, followed by the depth of the water-sediment system and different amendments. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus, especially NH₃-N and SRP, in overlying- and pore-water gradually decreased with cultivated time and increased with depth due to the biological purification and the nutrient deposition. During summer months, the activity of biota promoted the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, while the decomposition of phytoplankton released the more amounts of DOM (mg/L of DOC) left in water. Based on the temporal and depth variation of nutrients, the amended-groups impacted the overall levels of nitrogen and phosphorus through altering microbial activity and adjusting nutrient redistribution in the water-sediment systems. As an ideal carrier, biochar promoted microbial colonization and biofilm growth, while its-supported EMs improved the microbial activity of amended sediments. Thus, the application of biochar-supported EMs (BE) achieved the most desired repairs in removing nitrogen, phosphorus and DOM in water-sediment system and increasing their immobilization in sediment. The combination of biochar-supported EMs with aeration (BE.A) decreased the overall levels of nitrogen and DOM, but promoted the release of phosphorus in water due to its strong suspended particles' affinity. Additionally, BE.A and BE showed desirable resistance to highly-polluting wastewater inputs. This study provided practical theories for biochar-immobilized microbes to alleviate eutrophication and cycle of nutrients and DOM during summer months.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"380 ","pages":"124732"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}