Journal of Environmental Management最新文献

{"title":"Engineering yeast surface display of cutinase from Paraphoma chrysanthemicola for polyester plastic biodegradation","authors":"Li Ma,&nbsp;Kexin Sun,&nbsp;Run Cheng,&nbsp;Zhanyong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A yeast surface display system in <em>Pichia pastoris</em> GS115 was developed for cutinase PcCUT7 obtained from <em>Paraphoma chrysanthemicola</em>. GCW61, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-modified cell wall protein, was used as the anchoring module. PcCUT7 was genetically fused to GCW61 and successfully displayed on the yeast cell surface. The surface-displayed PcCUT7 exhibited optimal activity at pH 8 and 30 °C. Compared to the free enzyme, surface-displayed PcCUT7 demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, improved alkaline tolerance, and greater resistance to inhibitory metal ions, organic solvents, and surfactants. Furthermore, it retained over 70% of its initial activity after five weeks of storage at 4 °C and maintained more than 50% activity after four reuse cycles. Functional assays demonstrated efficient degradation of polybutylene succinate films by surface-displayed PcCUT7, with 75.2 ± 2.8% weight loss within 60 h. The ease of preparation, high catalytic activity, and reusability of surface-displayed PcCUT7 highlight its potential as a cost-effective biocatalyst for the biodegradation of aliphatic polyesters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 131044"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status and future perspectives on fungal solid-state fermentation scale-up","authors":"Arnau Sala,&nbsp;Golafarin Ghoreishi,&nbsp;Jose Bueno-Mancebo,&nbsp;Raquel Barrena,&nbsp;Adriana Artola","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state fermentation and, particularly, fungal bioprocesses, face relevant scale-up challenges. Motivated by the immense potential of fungal solid-state fermentation in the context of the circular bioeconomy, this review studies fungal solid-state fermentation scale-up, analysing the current status and perspectives of the main reactor configurations used: bags, trays, packed-beds and rotatory drums. It shows that most studies reach technology readiness level 4 but few have gone further due to the necessity of a relevant industrial environment. Challenges corresponding to each configuration are summarized and discussed, including heat generation (main bottleneck when scaling most bioprocesses), productivity rise, the use of complex substrates and the integration into the modern biorefinery concept. It also offers an up-to-date revision of the most recent patents involved in fungal solid-state fermentation scale-up, providing an accurate picture of the current status of the industrial sector and highlighting a tendency for packed-bed and tray bioreactor related patents, with emphasize on modelling to overcome heat generation. Finally, it concludes that, despite substantial efforts performed during the last decade, collaboration between research and industry will be mandatory to further scale fungal solid-state fermentation up to industrial volumes, ensuring its role into the modern biorefinery concept.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 131068"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects and mechanisms of sustained-release embedded composite biochar in carbon enhancement and acid reduction of acidified black soil","authors":"Yali Sun,&nbsp;Wenxin He,&nbsp;Guangxuan Yin,&nbsp;Junhao Wan,&nbsp;Ciming Yi,&nbsp;Jian Ke,&nbsp;Weitao Shen,&nbsp;Mingshuang Zhang,&nbsp;Ruixin Guo,&nbsp;Yanhua Liu,&nbsp;Jingge Shang,&nbsp;Jianqiu Chen,&nbsp;Qianjiahua Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black soils in Northeast China are undergoing acidification and organic matter degradation, and are in urgent need of efficient and environmentally sustainable improvement technologies. In this study, a novel sustained-release embedded composite biochar material was fabricated through a ball-milling integration process, in which biochar, reduced iron powder, and polymer materials were combined. A systematic screening process was established through the optimization of biochar substrate preparation conditions, the selection of functional loading components, and the development of a sustained-release carrier process. Through physicochemical characterization and evaluation of environmental effects, Chitosan-Fe-Biochar(CS-Fe-BC) and Polyacrylamide-Fe-Biochar(PAM-Fe-BC) were ultimately identified as the optimal materials. A 180-day incubation experiment was conducted under simulated climate conditions representative of Northeast China. Within 180 days, the application of 5‰ CS-Fe-BC[5] increased soil pH by approximately 0.5 units and enhanced SOC content by about 26.88%.The application of different material treatments effectively improved the structural integrity of the soil carbon pool, leading to significant increases in POC, ROC, andMOC contents. The metagenomic sequencing results revealed that, while maintaining overall abundance stability, the composite material reshaped the soil microbial community structure, facilitated the enrichment of functional bacteria involved in carbon fixation and acid mitigation, and achieved carbon enhancement and acid reduction through differentiated metabolic pathways. These findings suggest that the material plays a pivotal role in driving the processes of carbon accumulation and acid mitigation.The research findings may offer novel materialand theoretical support for the sustainable management of black soil acidification in Northeast China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 131051"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic T-spherical hesitant fuzzy decision support for selecting advanced tertiary wastewater treatment technologies using comprehensive distance based ranking method","authors":"Krishnan Suvitha,&nbsp;Kannusamy Aarthi,&nbsp;Samayan Narayanamoorthy,&nbsp;Naif Almakayeel,&nbsp;Daekook Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceuticals, microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and endocrine-disrupting compounds are increasingly discharged in treated wastewater, are not effectively removed by conventional secondary treatment, and have important implications for the environment and human health. Advanced tertiary treatment is needed for safe reuse of urban non-potable water, but the choice among competing technologies is a complex decision involving technical, economic, environmental and regulatory considerations, as well as uncertainty and reluctance in expert evaluations. To address this issue, this research uses a decision support system based on Probabilistic T-Spherical Hesitant Fuzzy Numbers (Pt-SHFNs) that represents probabilistic uncertainty, ambiguity and expert hesitance consistently. A hybrid method is used to find criteria weights. The hybrid method combines the Level-Based Weight Assessment (LBWA) technique and changes of empirical data. This allows the subjective preferences of experts and objective evidence to be simultaneously considered. Then the alternatives are ranked using Comprehensive Distance Based Ranking (COBRA) technique. The results show that in the practical case of seven tertiary treatment systems, the effectiveness of removal of emerging pollutants (0.2319) and capital expenditures (0.1713) are the most influential factors. The most efficient systems are hybrid membrane-advanced oxidation process systems (0.0338) followed by ozonation-biofiltration (0.0203) and nanofiltration membranes (-0.0022). The stability analysis and comparison studies with other MCDM techniques increase the dependability and consistency of the obtained rankings. The proposed technique provides an explicit and uncertainty-aware basis for ranking tertiary alternatives to treatment and could assist wastewater utilities and regulators in integrating technical decisions with sustainability and water reuse objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 131057"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of tropical urban parks informed by divergent stomatal regulation of trees","authors":"Nichaphan Kasikam,&nbsp;Arerut Yarnvudhi,&nbsp;Nisa Leksungnoen,&nbsp;Torgny Näsholm,&nbsp;Nils Henriksson,&nbsp;Pantana Tor-ngern","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As climate change intensifies urban environmental challenges, cities increasingly rely on urban green spaces as climate adaptation infrastructure. Urban trees provide critical ecosystem services through root water uptake and leaf water loss, yet how their stomata respond to atmospheric drivers in tropical urban environments remains poorly understood. This research examines how ten dominant tree species in Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park, Bangkok regulate stomatal conductance (g_s) in response to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) across wet and dry seasons. We identify two functional groups—VPD-tolerant species and VPD-sensitive species—and translate these patterns into practical recommendations for species selection and irrigation in tropical urban parks. VPD-tolerant species (<em>Afzelia xylocarpa</em>, <em>Bauhinia purpurea</em>, <em>Tabebuia rosea</em>, <em>Dipterocarpus alatus</em>, and <em>Hopea odorata</em>) maintained high g_s throughout the day regardless of rising VPD, sustaining continuous gas exchange and ecosystem service provision across seasons. VPD-sensitive species (<em>Dalbergia cochinchinensis</em>, <em>Millettia leucantha</em>, <em>Homalium tomentosum</em>, <em>Millingtonia hortensis</em>, and <em>Samanea saman</em>) reduced g_s in response to increasing VPD during the dry season but shifted toward PAR sensitivity under the wet season, reflecting greater drought tolerance. Our findings have implications for management, suggesting early morning is the most physiologically effective irrigation window. Also, VPD-tolerant species would be best suited for high-service planting zones benefitting from sustained gas exchange, while VPD-sensitive species are appropriate where lower maintenance and drought resilience are priorities. These findings provide physiologically based and actionable recommendations for urban tree species selection, irrigation scheduling, and long-term green infrastructure planning under future climate uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 130906"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of ethanol and methanol as carbon sources for coupled partial denitrification-anammox secondary treatment with MBBR technology","authors":"Akarsh Swamilingappa Annaiah,&nbsp;Gonzalo A. Martinez,&nbsp;Lorenzo Bertin,&nbsp;Magnus Christensson","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two moving bed bioreactors (MBBRs) with AnoxK™K5 carriers were operated for 156 days to compare methanol and ethanol as carbon sources in a single-stage partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) process treating real municipal secondary effluent. The ethanol-fed reactor demonstrated superior performance with nitrogen removal rates (NRR) of 0.54 ± 0.1 gN.m⁻².d⁻¹ and nitrogen removal efficiencies (NRE) of 76 ± 7% at 20 °C, compared to 0.43 ± 0.1 gN.m⁻².d⁻¹ and 61 ± 6% for the methanol-fed reactor. Anammox contribution in the ethanol reactor remained consistently high (80 ± 7%) compared to the methanol reactor (57 ± 9%), with microbial analysis revealing selective enrichment of methylotrophic denitrifiers (<em>Hyphomicrobium_A</em>) under methanol conditions, promoting complete denitrification at the expense of anammox. Both systems demonstrated robustness across three different wastewater compositions and rapid recovery from operational disturbances. At 15 °C, the ethanol reactor maintained 82 ± 4% NRE, although requiring ∼50% lower nitrogen loading rates. COD consumption ratios of 2.2 ± 0.3 gCOD/gN-NO₃ for ethanol achieved 53 ± 7% carbon savings compared to full denitrification requirements. Thermodynamically derived PdN and anammox coupled stoichiometries accurately predicted performance (R² = 0.99 for NRR), identifying optimal feeding ratios of 1.00 gN-NO₃/gN-NH₄ and 2.06 gCOD/gN-NO₃ for ethanol systems. This long-term evaluation of ethanol-based PdNA in an MBBR system treating real municipal wastewater, a combination not previously assessed - demonstrates the superiority of ethanol over methanol through higher anammox contribution, lower carbon requirements, and robust performance across varying wastewater compositions and temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 130928"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148966012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive effects of pretreatments and pipe materials on water quality stability and potential microbial risks in reclaimed water distribution systems","authors":"Yuan Bai,&nbsp;Song Xue,&nbsp;Yinhu Wu,&nbsp;Ruining Wang,&nbsp;Lu Chang,&nbsp;Haobin Wang,&nbsp;Zhuo Chen,&nbsp;Hongying Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining chemical and biological water stability throughout reclaimed water distribution systems (RWDSs) is critical for safe water reuse. This study conducted a 140-d continuous investigation of simulated RWDSs equipped with ductile iron and polyethylene pipes under influents pretreated by biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration and chlorine disinfection. Overall, microbial communities exhibited remarkable differences at sampling niches (influents, effluents, and pipe wall biofilms) at the significance of <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01, irrespective of pretreatment strategies. NST and βNTI analysis further revealed that stochastic processes governed biofilm and effluent community assembly, diminishing pretreatment-derived deterministic selection pressures in influents. As for water quality, chlorine disinfection effectively suppressed HPC in influents (&gt;90% removal) and significantly reduced pathogen loads, but led to severe corrosion accompanied with pronounced iron and manganese release (rising 40∼78-fold) in ductile iron pipe. The application of polyethylene pipe eliminated the corrosion drawback while simultaneously achieved chlorine's disinfection strengths, keeping a low HPC level of 7 × 10⁴ CFU/mL after 140-d operation. Conversely, BAC filtration exhibited consistent performances in both ductile iron and polyethylene pipes, maintaining HPC at 3∼5 × 10⁵ CFU/mL by achieving over 67% AOC removal and showing advantages in corrosion resistance. Moreover, a normalized performance scoring method was used to quantitatively assess the combined effects of pretreatments and pipe materials on chemical and biological stability of RWDSs. BAC pretreatment was preferred in existing ductile iron and other metallic distribution networks, while both BAC or chlorine pretreatments combined with plastic pipes, according to different requirements and scenarios, are promising alternatives for new installed or scheduled RWDSs. This study moves beyond a single focus on water quality towards a more integrated assessment of the whole system, and provides suitable application scenarios for better RWDSs management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 130926"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a large run-of-river dam closure on the functional diversity of subtropical freshwater fish assemblages","authors":"Cristiano Ilha,&nbsp;Thiago Belisário D'Araújo Couto,&nbsp;Jacir Dal Magro,&nbsp;Gilza Maria de Souza-Franco,&nbsp;Renan de Souza Rezende","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Run-of-river hydropower plants are increasingly promoted as a low-impact alternative for energy generation because of their reduced water storage capacity. However, their effects on fish functional structure remain poorly understood. We evaluated changes in fish functional diversity following dam closure at the Foz do Chapecó run-of-river hydropower plant. We quantified 23 functional traits and calculated four indices: functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), functional divergence (FDiv), and functional dispersion (FDis). These indices were weighted by fish abundance and biomass using catch per unit effort (CPUE) data and compared between pre- and post-damming periods using bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals (BCa). Functional diversity declined across most river stretches following dam closure. At impoundment sites, FRic and FDis decreased by 69% and 38%, respectively, while downstream tributaries exhibited a 39% reduction in FRic. Low-order upstream tributaries showed reductions greater than 20% in FEve and FDis, indicating loss of functional complementarity and simplification of ecological strategies. In contrast, upstream tributaries displayed increases in FRic (32%) and FDis (19%), suggesting functional reorganization after reservoir formation. Community-weighted means revealed declines in traits associated with detritivory and parental care, likely reflecting reductions in benthic habitats and reproductive environments following impoundment, whereas traits related to piscivory, herbivory, and migratory behavior increased in upstream sections of the reservoir. Our findings indicate that the closure and operation of a large run-of-river hydropower plant was associated with substantial changes in fish functional structure, likely driven by habitat and ecohydrological alterations. Responses differed among reservoir, tributary, and downstream environments, revealing contrasting functional trajectories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 130943"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating systematic review and Bayesian weighting to derive a minimum dataset for soil health assessment in arid and semi-arid regions","authors":"Abraham Ofori,&nbsp;Luigi Alessandrino,&nbsp;Tiziana Danise,&nbsp;Gianluigi Busico,&nbsp;Nicolò Colombani,&nbsp;Vassilis Aschonitis,&nbsp;Simona Castaldi,&nbsp;Micòl Mastrocicco","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil health assessment in arid and semi-arid regions necessitates strong frameworks capable of combining a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological indicators. This study systematically analyzed 141 manuscripts to establish a Minimum Dataset of soil health indicators and to refine their relative importance through a Bayesian weighting approach. The selection methodology yielded a core collection of six physical, four chemical, and two biological indicators. Since each of the 141 studies considered reports its own subset of soil health indicators, not a common and homogeneous set shared by the entire literature, but a specific selection from time to time defined by individual authors, synthesizing data from heterogeneous sources generates a structural problem of missing data when attempting to estimate a unique and comparable weight vector across studies. To solve this problem without resorting to ad hoc imputation of the missing numerical values, a Bayesian Expectation-Maximization algorithm was developed, which iteratively redistributes the missing probability mass of the indicators not reported in each study, in proportion to the weights currently estimated for the entire corpus, until convergence to a final, probabilistically consistent weight vector. This approach allowed us to distinguish the weights obtained for the global dataset (arid and semi-arid regions) and for the Mediterranean basin. Globally, the most influential indicators were soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, bulk density, and pH, indicating a balanced contribution of physical and chemical parameters. In contrast, the Mediterranean dataset demonstrated a different pattern, with soil microbial respiration and soil organic carbon emerging as prominent markers, followed by clay content, silt, and cation exchange capacity playing minor roles. This Bayesian-weighted MDS offers a transferable, quantitatively grounded alternative to existing soil health assessment frameworks for arid and semi-arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 130954"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen fertilizer form and application rate jointly govern the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of plants, soils, and microorganisms in perennial cultivated grasslands.","authors":"Yongshang Tong, Chunping Zhang, Yuzhen Liu, Quan Cao, Yang Yu, Zengzeng Yang, Quanmin Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen fertilizer form and application rate affect the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometric characteristics of the plant-soil-microbe system in perennial cultivated grasslands, this study used a mixed sward of Festuca sinensis Keng ex E.B.Alexeev cv. Qinghai + Poa pratensis L. cv. Qinghai in Qinghai as the experimental system. A no-fertilization treatment served as the control, while three N forms, namely amide-N, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N, were applied at three N addition rates (22.5, 45.0, and 67.5 kg ha^-1·yr^-1) using a randomized block design. Combined with analysis of variance, a homeostasis model, redundancy analysis (RDA), and structural equation modeling (SEM), the study explored the stoichiometric characteristics of the system, homeostatic responses, and the interaction pathways among its components. The results showed that N form, N application rate, and their interaction all had significant effects on the C:N:P stoichiometric characteristics of the system, and that the regulatory effects of N form were distinct. amide-N was most effective in increasing N content in plants and soil, whereas ammonium-N was more conducive to soil phosphorus accumulation and to increases in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Significant differences in stoichiometric homeostasis were observed among different plant organs: stems were the most sensitive to changes in the soil environment, while some indicators exhibited absolute homeostasis. Significant coordinated variation in stoichiometric characteristics was observed among plants, soil, and microorganisms. Nitrogen form directly and negatively regulated soil stoichiometric ratios, whereas N application rate indirectly regulated system stoichiometric characteristics through soil nutrients. This study demonstrated that N fertilizer form and N application rate jointly regulate the stoichiometric characteristics of perennial sown grassland ecosystems, and that the application of amide-N at 45 kg ha^-1·yr^-1 is more conducive to optimizing nutrient balance within the ecosystem. These findings provide important theoretical support for the formulation of precision fertilization strategies and the ecologically sustainable management of alpine perennial cultivated grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"417 ","pages":"130941"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}