Journal of Environmental Management最新文献

{"title":"Climate warming modifies hydrological responses in the southern Western Ghats and the western coastal plains (India): Insights from CMIP6-VIC simulations","authors":"Jobin Thomas ,&nbsp;A.N. Rohith ,&nbsp;Dawn Emil Sebastian ,&nbsp;Sinan Nizar ,&nbsp;P.J. Jainet ,&nbsp;Vamsi Krishna Vema ,&nbsp;K.P. Sudheer","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent changes in global precipitation patterns have led to unparalleled floods, landslides, and droughts, significantly impacting lives, infrastructure, and the environment. Understanding regional-scale climate change impacts on hydrological responses has attracted researchers, primarily using climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). This study focuses on the southern Western Ghats (SWG) and western coastal plains (WCP) of the Indian subcontinent to assess climate change impacts on regional hydrology. By analyzing climate data from nine CMIP6 General Circulation Models (GCMs) and simulating hydrological fluxes with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, we demonstrate that all models robustly project an intensification of the hydrological cycle due to climate warming under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) - SSP245 and SSP585 - especially during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) season. The region is projected to experience up to a 20 % increase in annual precipitation per 1 °C rise in temperature, with extreme precipitation events (EPEs) potentially increasing by up to 16 % per degree of warming. Future runoff is expected to rise under both SSP scenarios, with watersheds experiencing markedly wetter ISM season and drier pre-monsoon (PRM) season compared to the baseline period, leading to risks associated with concurrent floods/landslides and droughts. These changes underscore the necessity for region-specific adaptation strategies to manage water resources effectively. Adaptation strategies to enhance short-term water storage during the ISM season could partially mitigate water shortages during the PRM season, offering potential benefits in the wake of climate change. Our findings highlight the need for integrated water resources management plans to address the challenges posed by climate change, ensuring sustainable water availability, agricultural productivity, and hydropower generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 125252"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of public attitudes regarding the impact of wind energy facilities on landscapes: A photo Q-methodology approach.","authors":"Haotian Mai, Hyeyoung Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global expansion of wind energy facilities is essential to address the climate crisis; however, it raises significant concerns regarding their impact on landscapes. Understanding public attitudes toward such changes is critical for the effective planning and deployment of these facilities. This study employs photo-based Q methodology combined with one-on-one interviews to explore diverse public perceptions of wind energy facilities across various landscape settings. Conducted between October 2022 and April 2023 with 40 participants, the study identified four distinct public attitude factors: Water Landscape-Lovers, Ultimate Naturalists, New Lifestyle Advocates, and Adherents of Aesthetic Order. Each group emphasizes unique preferences, including alignment with natural elements, suitability for pristine or human-modified spaces, and the aesthetic or functional harmony of wind energy facilities. The findings reveal that public attitudes are shaped by landscape characteristics, configuration of wind energy installations, and perceptions of aesthetics and functionality. Although experts and non-experts expressed differing views, both groups acknowledged wind energy facilities as crucial for mitigating climate change. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and renewable energy stakeholders, emphasizing the need to integrate public preferences into wind energy deployment strategies to enhance acceptance and reduce resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"381 ","pages":"125179"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-assisted modification of magnetic Mg/Al/Fe-LDH hydrotalcite for efficient arsenic removal from water.","authors":"Chunyan He, Wei Mo, Yang Yang, Wei Guo, Yuhua Huang, Chang Yu, Xiujuan Su, Jinlin Yang, Jinpeng Feng, Aoping He, Shaojian Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, arsenic contamination in aquatic environments has become increasingly severe. Hydrotalcites are widely used for arsenic removal, but challenges remain regarding their removal efficiency and recyclability. To enhance the adsorption performance of Hydrotalcite-like(LDH) for arsenic and facilitate solid-liquid separation, in this study, magnetic Fe₃O₄ was combined with LDH and thermally modified using microwave treatment to obtain microwave-assisted modification of magnetic LDH(WFe₃O₄@MAF-LDH), which was used for arsenic removal. The results showed that WFe₃O₄@MAF-LDH effectively removed arsenic over a wide pH range. The adsorption of As(III) and As(V) by the material was well described by pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, and the maximum adsorption capacity of WFe₃O₄@MAF-LDH for As(III) was 217.62 mg/g. The inhibitory effect of coexisting anions on As(III) adsorption followed the order of SO₄^2- > NO₃^- > Cl^-. In addition, the material demonstrated strong and stable pollutant adsorption properties. Mechanically, arsenic removal by WFe₃O₄@MAF-LDH involved electrostatic interactions, ion exchange, coordination reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions, as evidenced by material characterization means. Density Functional Theory(DFT) calculations revealed hydrogen bonding between H₃AsO₃/HAsO₄^2- and WFe₃O₄@MAF-LDH, with MAF-LDH playing an important role in arsenic removal. In summary, WFe₃O₄@MAF-LDH demonstrated excellent arsenic removal, structural stability, and environmental friendliness, providing a valuable reference for the development of efficient adsorption treatment materials for arsenic-containing wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"381 ","pages":"125228"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent snow water storage changes and its effects on streamflow variation in alpine basins of Qilian Mountains","authors":"Tingting Ning ,&nbsp;Linshan Yang ,&nbsp;Zongxing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Remarkable climate change has changed the ability of high mountains to store water as snow. Previous studies have introduced a Snow Storage Index (<em>SSI</em>) to reflect the difference in amplitude and phase between daily precipitation and surface water inputs (the summation of snowmelt and rain). However, the <em>SSI</em> metric must be improved to better describe the peak characteristics of precipitation (<em>P)</em>, and the contribution of <em>SSI</em> changes to hydrologic partitioning remains unclear. Focusing on 22 basins in the Qilian Mountains of northwest China, we explored recent changes in <em>SSI</em> by improving <em>SSI</em> metric based on a corrected sinusoidal function and quantified the effect of snow storage change on streamflow by Budyko framework. The results showed that the ability of the western basins to store snow water was stronger than that of the eastern basins. This ability has been enhanced in the western basins in recent decades, with a significant increasing trend in annual <em>SSI</em> (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas it has been weakened in the eastern basins. The relative contribution of <em>SSI</em> change was positive in 15 of 22 basins, with a mean value of 29 %. Our methods and findings could help accurately assess the ability to store snow water and quantitatively understand its effect on hydrological responses in snow-dependent regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 125251"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced flocculation performance and coal slurry water by using starch-based flocculant with rich charges and its flocculation mechanism.","authors":"Suhong Zhang, Haowen Ma, Ni Gao, Yan Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cationic starch-based flocculant as an efficient and environmentally friendly flocculant is designed for the improvement of flocculation performance of coal slurry water by the method of combining grafting and etherification. Structure and properties of the obtained samples are characterized by XRD, FTIR, NMR, and TG. Effects of grafting conditions and etherification conditions on intrinsic viscosity and cationic degree are investigated. The flocculation performance of grafted etherified starch (GE-St) is studied, and compared to cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) flocculants, the final turbidities are 417 NTU for APAM, 20.6 NTU for CPAM and 59.1 NTU for GE-St demonstrating that the flocculation performance of grafted and etherified starch (GE-St) is slightly weaker than that of CPAM and significantly better than APAM. It can be supposed that GE-St is an effective flocculant for coal slurry water. The flocculation process of coal slurry water was analyzed by zeta potential analysis, extended DLVO theory calculation and microscopic images of flocs indicating that designing the molecular structure with rich charges and moderate molecular weight through grafting and etherification is beneficial for flocculation. The possible flocculation mechanism can be proposed that fine particles are agglomerated and settled by the flocculant GE-St through charge neutralization, adsorption bridging and sweeping, which is attributed to the matching of flocculant structure and mineral surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"381 ","pages":"125112"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective decision-making considering future demands helps to delineate key areas for ecological restoration in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration, China.","authors":"Tao Li, Sheng Li, Yanping Zhao, Hua Zheng, Kuan Wang, Mi Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ecological restoration is an effective method to address land degradation and ecosystem deterioration of urban agglomeration with rapid development. However, previous efforts neglect socio-economic goals for ecological restoration and the land use demand in the future, leading to a disconnect between ecological restoration and the support for social and economic development. Here we explore the identification of key areas for ecological restoration (KAsER) according to a multi-objective view of the urban agglomeration, as well as future demand. Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration (CZTUA), playing a vital role in the implementation of strategy for the rise of central China, is facing the contradiction between ecosystem protection and development. Hence, taking it as a case study, four restoration scenarios, namely natural growth (NGS), ecological conservation (ECS), economic development (EDS), and comprehensive development scenario (CDS), were constructed. The potential restoration areas were identified integrating the historical land use change and the land demand for the future development initially. The ecological-economic-social objectives were to increase ESP, minimize restoration expenses, and improve the ES provision-demand match. Finally, the KAsER was determined based on the coupling value of triple objectives and it was further divided into ecological restoration zones according to the overlay analysis of multi-objectives. Results show that KAsER encompasses 640.32 (ECS), 415.75 (NGS), 332.00 (CDS), and 262.18 (EDS) km² respectively. There are eight zones for KAsER, and those with low-expense, high-benefits, and low-match of ES provision-demand should be prioritized for restoration regardless of scenarios. These findings provide a scientific foundation for reasonable and efficient ecosystem management facing uncertainties of future development for cities in central China.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"381 ","pages":"125176"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of cyanobacterial blooms: Integrating machine learning and feature selection techniques with uncrewed aircraft systems and autonomous surface vessel data.","authors":"Mohammed Shakiul Islam, Padmanava Dash, John P Liles, Hafez Ahmad, Abduselam M Nur, Rajendra M Panda, Jessica S Wolfe, Gray Turnage, Lee Hathcock, Gary D Chesser, Robert J Moorhead","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyanobacterial blooms pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and public health due to their ability to release harmful toxins, degrade water quality, disrupt aquatic habitats, and endanger human and animal health through contact or consumption of contaminated water. Monitoring phycocyanin (PC), a pigment unique to cyanobacteria, offers a reliable method for detecting and quantifying these blooms, enabling timely interventions to mitigate their impacts. This study aimed to evaluate ten machine learning algorithms (MLAs) for assessing the spatiotemporal variations of cyanobacterial concentrations over an oyster reef in the Western Mississippi Sound (WMS) using remotely sensed imagery from uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) and in-situ PC concentrations measured by an autonomous surface vessel (ASV). The study further investigated the influence of river discharge and climatic variables on cyanobacterial concentrations using a time-series of cyanobacteria maps. To derive the most accurate PC retrieval model, a comprehensive set of 85 features was initially generated, including individual spectral bands, band ratios, multiple vegetation indices, and three-band indices. Feature selection was performed using a two-step approach that combined Sequential Backward Floating Selection (SBFS) and Exhaustive Feature Selection (EFS). SBFS was first used to iteratively remove features and optimize model performance, while EFS evaluated all possible combinations of the features identified by SBFS to select the best subset. Among the ten MLAs tested, Extreme Gradient Boosting emerged as the top-performing model, achieving an R² of 0.835, a root mean square deviation of 0.419 μg/l, an unbiased mean absolute relative difference of 0.176 μg/l, and an average percentage difference of 18.072 % in retrieving PC concentration. The novelty of this study lies in its data-driven approach to identifying the most suitable machine learning algorithm and feature subsets for PC retrieval, thereby enhancing the accuracy and robustness of the developed algorithm. The time-series analysis revealed substantial variations in cyanobacterial concentration in the WMS from 2018 to 2022. The highest average concentration occurred in 2019, coinciding with the introduction of diverted Mississippi River water through the Bonnet Carré Spillway, which triggered an unprecedented cyanobacterial bloom. Furthermore, the average PC concentration was consistently higher during the summer months, likely due to elevated air temperatures and increased sunlight promoting cyanobacterial growth. The methodology developed in this study improves the quantitative monitoring of cyanobacterial blooms using UAS imagery and provides valuable insights for future water quality monitoring initiatives in other regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"381 ","pages":"124878"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantity of inoculum modulates organic methanation and humification in solid-state anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting hybrid processes","authors":"Yu Feng ,&nbsp;Chunli Luan ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Guo ,&nbsp;Rongrong Yin ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Guoxue Li ,&nbsp;Chuanren Qi ,&nbsp;Wenhai Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory effects of varying feedstock-to-inoculum (F/I) ratios on the organic matter conversion process within a hybrid solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) - aerobic composting (AC) system. Notably, at an F/I ratio of 1.5, we observed a significant enhancement in the anaerobic fermentation phase, particularly in the microbial community distribution. This adjustment led to a marked enrichment of the acetic acid-utilizing <em>Methanosaeta</em> family, which in turn drove a remarkable increase of over 29.9 % in the volumetric methane production based on reactor volume. Concurrently, the optimized F/I ratio facilitated a more substantial degradation of lignin and cellulose, fostering a conducive environment for the growth of humic acid (HA)-producing microorganisms such as Bacteroidota and Actinobacteria during the aerobic composting phase. The heightened activity of these functional microbes, in conjunction with the upregulation of humification-related genes, culminated in a substantial increase in HA content, ranging from 33.6 % (0.028 g·kg⁻¹ DM) to 60.5 % (1.036 g·kg⁻¹ DM). Thus, our findings demonstrate that by strategically modulating the F/I ratio to 1.5, it is possible to effectively optimize the microbial community structure in the SSAD-AC system, leading to a significant improvement in the efficiency of both organic matter methanation and humification processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 125196"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social tolerance, environmental responsibility and green bond market growth.","authors":"Charilaos Mertzanis, Asma Houcine","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We use novel data from the IMF's climate database to examine the influence of social tolerance on the issuance of 285 green bonds across 66 countries from 1992 to 2021. To measure societal tolerance, we use the Berggren and Nilsson index. Our analysis incorporates a comprehensive set of control variables, including economic, institutional, political, and social factors, to provide deeper insights into the green bond market dynamics. Using panel data analysis, we find that higher levels of social tolerance are associated with increased green bond issuance. Additionally, we identify indirect positive effects through improved credit ratings, suggesting that a more tolerant social environment supports environmental and sustainable initiatives, which in turn facilitates the growth of green bond markets. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we conduct sensitivity analyses and address potential endogeneity using instrumental variable techniques. We further confirm our results through dominance analysis and explore the economic and institutional pathways mediating the relationship between social tolerance and green bond issuance. Our study highlights the key role of social tolerance in fostering environmental responsibility and green bond issuance, contributing to the dialogue on the interplay between societal values, financial markets, and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"381 ","pages":"125263"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of semi-supervised models for groundwater level simulation in arid regions with small sample sizes.","authors":"Dongping Xue, Dongwei Gui, Qi Liu, Yunfei Liu, Xiaonan Chen, Qian Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate groundwater level monitoring is critical for sustainable aquifer management, yet data scarcity in arid regions severely limits predictive capabilities. Conventional models rely on extensive labeled datasets to link meteorological-hydrological variables with groundwater dynamics, a method that is often ineffective in arid basins with sparse monitoring networks. This study introduces a semi-supervised learning model that leverages limited groundwater observations (n = 3150) and unlabeled environmental covariates to predict spatial groundwater levels in the Tarim River Basin (TRB). Compared to traditional groundwater prediction models, the semi-supervised architecture achieved superior performance (R² = 0.87; RMSE = 0.75 ± 0.03) by synergizing adversarial pseudo-label generation and variational feature extraction. SHAP analysis was employed to interpret the model, identifying distance to the river channel (dist_R), hydraulic conductivity (K), Groundwater Storage Anomalies (GWSA), and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as key predictors of groundwater level changes. Importantly, downscaled GWSA provided essential insights into the spatiotemporal variations of the groundwater system. The study revealed that the most severe groundwater depletion occurred in the northern TRB, where only 4 % of monitoring wells showed rising water levels, while over 60 % recorded declines exceeding 10m. In the western (70 %) and central (60 %) TRB, groundwater levels also declined to varying extents, though generally within 10m. In contrast, the southern TRB exhibited a rising trend, with approximately 54 % of wells showing an increase in water levels. Despite localized recovery, groundwater resources across the watershed continue to face pressures from over-extraction. Our semi-supervised learning framework demonstrates that physics-informed pseudo-labeling can overcome data scarcity barriers, providing a transferable toolkit for data-sparse arid regions and enabling actionable insights for balancing water allocation and ecological preservation under climate uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"381 ","pages":"125215"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}