Journal of Environmental Management最新文献

{"title":"Layer-specific nitrate source apportionment in a high-permeability alluvial fan using dual isotopes, PMF and MixSIAR models","authors":"Yidong Wang ,&nbsp;Xuanru Li ,&nbsp;Ying Hu ,&nbsp;Jian Luo ,&nbsp;Deyi Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrate contamination in high-permeability alluvial fan aquifers poses a significant challenge for groundwater resource management, due to the rapid migration of contaminants and complex interactions among multiple nitrate sources. This study employed an integrated approach, combining hydrochemical characterization, isotopic analyses, and multivariate statistical modeling, to investigate the spatial distribution of nitrate, identify transformation processes, and quantify the contributions of nitrate sources within an alluvial aquifer system in the North China Plain. Groundwater nitrate concentrations varied significantly (0.1-41.2 mg/L NO₃⁻-N), with the highest concentrations primarily observed in industrial areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) revealed substantial impacts of human activities, particularly domestic and industrial wastewater discharge, on nitrate accumulation and distribution. Dual-isotope analysis (δ¹⁵N-NO₃^- and δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-) demonstrated significant denitrification processes occurring in the shallow first aquifer, whereas nitrification was limited due to low ambient ammonium and nitrite concentrations. Furthermore, the Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) showed that manure and sewage contributed 62.1% to nitrate in the first aquifer, while industrial wastewater dominated in the second and third aquifers (64.3% and 64.6%). This integrated approach provides a robust framework for nitrate source identification in heterogeneous aquifer systems, offering valuable insights for sustainable groundwater management practices in high-permeability alluvial aquifers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"407 ","pages":"Article 129885"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up-flow floating surface constructed wetland for municipal wastewater treatment: A novel approach","authors":"Satyendra ,&nbsp;Saisaurabh K. Asoria ,&nbsp;Ritesh Vijay","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To fulfil the gap between sewage generation and treatment capacity, innovative and compact wastewater treatment technologies are required. This study presents the design, development, and demonstration of a pilot-scale Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) for municipal wastewater treatment. UFSCW integrates primary and secondary treatments in a compact system. The UFSCW operates on the principle of up-flow movement of wastewater, through a floating arrangement of media and wetland plants. It provides a reduction in the velocity of suspended solids and increase contact time between pollutants, microbial communities, and plant root zones. The system combines both suspended and attached growth processes with anaerobic and aerobic treatment in a single unit. The system was operated in three phases: without hanging media and wetland plants, with hanging media only, and with both hanging media and wetland plants, under varying HRTs (36 to 12 h). At an HRT of 24 h (Phase III), UFSCW achieved maximum removal efficiencies of TSS, COD, TN, and TP of 92%, 82%, 67%, and 71%, respectively. Among the evaluated plant species, vetiver grass <em>(Chrysopogon zizanioides)</em> demonstrated the highest nutrient uptake efficiency. Its deep and fibrous root network provided an extensive rhizosphere that supported microbial colonization and facilitated enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Compared to conventional constructed wetlands requiring 2–4 days HRT, the UFSCW achieved comparable organic and nutrient removal at significantly shorter retention times, demonstrating its suitability for decentralized and space-constrained urban applications. Furthermore, integration of a downstream planted substrate bed and a disinfection unit could enable consistent compliance with discharge standards and facilitate treated water reuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"407 ","pages":"Article 129856"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media-driven multi-scale flood sensing: A systematic review of applications from global monitoring to community resilience","authors":"Jin Rui ,&nbsp;Wenjing Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the acceleration of climate change and urbanization, floods have become increasingly frequent. Social media has emerged as a valuable data source for flood monitoring. However, current social media flood research is confined to a single spatial scale, overlooking the heterogeneity and methodological challenges of using such data across different spatial levels. This study proposed a multi-scalar analytical framework to systematically assess the current applications and future directions of social media in flood-related research. We adopted a semi-automated method supported by large language models, combining the PRISMA protocol with KeyBERT for keyword extraction, and analyzed 105 relevant publications. The framework covered four spatial levels: global, regional, urban, and community, and integrated extracted insights using GPT-4o. Results showed that: (1) the global and national scales emphasized cross-platform disaster identification and policy feedback mechanisms; (2) the regional scale highlighted variations in risk perception and interregional information coordination; (3) the urban scale focused on real-time monitoring and fine-grained spatial modeling; and (4) the community scale concentrated on individual evacuation behavior and neighborhood network analysis. Social media data demonstrated strong timeliness, high public engagement, and significant complementarity with traditional data sources in flood research. Nevertheless, key challenges remained, including limited cross-linguistic and cultural modeling capabilities and insufficient mechanisms for multi-source data integration. In addition, the underrepresentation of digitally disadvantaged populations and the lagging ethical and privacy governance further constrained the research. This study provides theoretical and methodological guidance for developing more resilient multi-scale urban disaster information systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"407 ","pages":"Article 129895"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147861422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Servitization for environmental and social management practices in manufacturing: The role of digitalization as an enabler","authors":"Jean Pierre Seclen-Luna ,&nbsp;Marta Fernandez-Olmos ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Monroy-Osorio","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shift toward sustainable industrial systems requires companies to adopt strategies that enhance environmental performance without compromising competitiveness. Servitization—the integration of services into manufacturing—has been suggested as a business model that could support more sustainable production by increasing resource efficiency and generating value throughout the product's lifecycle. However, there is limited empirical evidence on what drives servitization and its effects on sustainability, especially concerning the role of digitalization and its varied impacts on environmental and social management practices. This study aims to explore how digitalization influences servitization and, in turn, how servitization affects environmental and social management practices. Using data from Spanish manufacturing companies in the 2022 Spanish Survey on Business Strategies, an inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) estimator corrects for selection bias in servitization decisions. This method was applied to 1469 manufacturing firms, enabling reliable comparisons between servitized and non-servitized companies. The findings reveal that digitalization significantly raises the likelihood of adopting servitization, indicating that digital capabilities are a key enabler of service-oriented business models in manufacturing. Moreover, servitization is positively linked to several environmental management practices, including recycling and reuse of materials, reduced natural resource consumption, and energy savings or shifts toward more sustainable energy sources. However, no statistically significant connection is observed between servitization and companies' social management practices. These results indicate that although servitization offers tangible environmental benefits, its social advantages may take longer to emerge, require additional organizational adjustments, or involve higher service levels. Overall, servitization enhances environmental efficiency but does not automatically lead to improvements in social management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"407 ","pages":"Article 129814"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-enabled remediation technologies for water and agrifood sustainability: A critical review","authors":"Abdulrazak Jinadu Otaru ,&nbsp;Isaac Alhamdu Baba","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid industrial, urban, and agricultural development has significantly hastened the release of pollutants into water and soil matrices, creating a serious challenge for conventional treatment technology. Nanotechnology offers a novel approach to environmental remediation due to the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, including high surface area, surface chemistry control, and catalysis. This review critically overviews recent advances in metal, metal oxide, carbon-based, and hybrid nanomaterials for water treatment and agrifood sustainability. Emphasis is placed on adsorption, photocatalysis, redox conversion, and antimicrobial action, resulting in more efficient removal of heavy metals, pesticides, dyes, and pathogens compared to traditional processes. Multifunctionality, including pollutant detoxification, microbial deactivation, and crop growth parameter induction, is demonstrated by case studies of TiO₂, ZnO, and AgNP-based systems. Green synthesis approaches, resource valorization from agro-wastes, and nanohybrid configurations are explored as pathways to cost-effective, scalable, and eco-friendly solutions. Challenges of nanoparticle recoverability, ecotoxicity, long-term accumulation in soils, and loopholes in regulation are underscored, along with opportunities in hybrid systems, field-scale demonstration, and techno-economic analyses. Collectively, this review charts the way for the application of nano-enabled treatment technologies to circular water management and precision agriculture systems, heading towards sustainable food production and ecosystem protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"407 ","pages":"Article 129763"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147861467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface electron transfer driven H2O2 activation over a MOF-derived Fe3O4-FeM/C cathode for efficient electro-Fenton degradation of tetracycline","authors":"Chuan Cao ,&nbsp;Siyang Chang ,&nbsp;Zhirong Sun ,&nbsp;Jun Cui ,&nbsp;Xiang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alloy catalysts have been recognized as one of the promising methodologies to modulate the electronic structure to generate ·OH. Although various alloy catalysts play an essential role in H₂O₂ activation, systematic investigations conducted within a unified framework remain scarce. Here, three adjacent transition metals (Mn, Co, and Ni) were employed as dopants to construct a series of Fe₃O₄-FeM/C (M = Mn, Co and Ni) alloy catalysts, and their H₂O₂ activation performance and underlying catalytic mechanisms were systematically investigated. Density functional theory analysis indicated that the alloy structure can form a built-in electric field within the catalyst, which can facilitate the migration of electrons from the catalyst interior to the exterior. Meanwhile, according to the bader charge analysis, the amount of charge transferred to the carbon shell follows the order: Mn (0.36 e⁻) &gt; Co (0.19 e⁻) &gt; Ni (0.01 e⁻). This trend indicated that when Mn formed an alloy with Fe, it most effectively facilitated electron migration from the internal metal sites to the external carbon shell, thereby markedly enhancing the catalytic activation of H₂O₂. Therefore, the Fe₃O₄-FeM/C exhibited superior performance compared with the other electrodes, achieving a 92.0% degradation of tetracycline within 12 min. Furthermore, electron spin resonance tests combined with probe quantification verified that transition metals incorporation enhanced the production of ·OH species, among which the Mn-doped catalyst exhibited the most significant enhancement. This study elucidates the catalytic mechanism of alloy catalysts toward H₂O₂ from an electronic transfer perspective, providing theoretical guidance for the reasonable design of highly active alloy catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"407 ","pages":"Article 129836"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial inoculant augments the influence of organic fertilizer on soil microbial communities in tea plantations","authors":"Chensong Duan ,&nbsp;Hu Liao ,&nbsp;Jianqiang Su ,&nbsp;Chongxing Yu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Mo ,&nbsp;Wenzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Yin Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of ecological agriculture, microbial inoculants and organic fertilizers have been widely applied in various agroecological systems. Despite the great prospect of microbial inoculants for improving soil fertility and plant growth, it remains poorly understood whether and how microbial inoculants can amplify the effects of organic fertilizers on soil microbial community structures and tea yields. Here, we conducted a field experiment in tea plantations of Rougui and Shuixian cultivars, where the control group only applied organic fertilizer, and the treatment group used a mixed fertilizer (microbial inoculant and organic fertilizer). After four months of fertilization, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents were higher in the Rougui tea plantation applied with mixed fertilizer than in the control, whereas these soil nutrients were lower in the Shuixian tea plantation with mixed fertilizer than in the control. PCoA revealed significant separations of soil bacterial and fungal communities between the Rougui and Shuixian tea plantations, and different fertilization regimes in the Rougui tea plantations (<em>p</em> = 0.001). The addition of microbial inoculants enhanced the stochastic assembly processes of both soil bacterial and fungal communities, with the normalized stochasticity ratio of bacterial communities increased by 42.86% one month after the fertilization (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.0001), and that of fungal communities increased by 79.40% after six months (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.0001). Meanwhile, the co-occurrence networks of soil microbial communities treated with microbial inoculants exhibited higher complexity and stronger negative cohesion and robustness. Importantly, the mixed fertilizer increased the yields of fresh teas of Rougui and Shuixian by 83.61% and 11.81%, respectively, compared with the application of organic fertilizer alone, a pattern consistent with elevated stochastic processes and network complexity in soil microbial communities. Overall, this study provides crucial insights into the soil microbial communities' assemblies and network dynamics under different fertilization strategies, which is essential for improving microbial inoculants to further increase the yields of organic tea plantations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"407 ","pages":"Article 129843"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering spatial clustering and heterogeneity of energy consumption drivers of wastewater treatment plants in China: A shap-lisa integrated approach","authors":"Xiaofan Chang ,&nbsp;Anlei Wei ,&nbsp;Yangyang Guo ,&nbsp;Shengbo Yue ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Ji ,&nbsp;Yifan He ,&nbsp;Kangrong Tang ,&nbsp;Zixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jirui Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under China's “dual carbon” targets and the forthcoming 15th Five-Year Plan, improving energy efficiency in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a pressing environmental management challenge, yet the spatial heterogeneity of energy consumption remains poorly understood. To address this, we develop a policy-oriented analytical framework combining decomposition analysis, machine learning based prediction, and spatial interpretation to identify the drivers of WWTP energy consumption using a nationwide dataset. This approach is specifically designed to disentangle the multidimensional and spatially varying factors that influence energy consumption driver, offering a more nuanced understanding than conventional uniform assessments. Our results reveal pronounced regional disparities in energy use patterns. Treatment capacity and influent water quality are the dominant drivers, but their impacts vary significantly across regions. Notably, while pollutant removal requirements are site-specific, the broader socioeconomic and climatic determinants of energy consumption nevertheless show strong regional patterns. These findings provide a quantitative basis for replacing uniform national benchmarks with localized efficiency standards tailored to regional realities. By providing a spatially explicit and interpretable framework, this study offers actionable insights for aligning wastewater sector management with China's broader sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"407 ","pages":"Article 129849"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity and pathogen dynamics in traditionally managed livestock systems","authors":"Alberto Perelló ,&nbsp;Patricia Barroso ,&nbsp;Jorge Ramón López-Olvera ,&nbsp;David Relimpio ,&nbsp;Ángela Marín-Rojo ,&nbsp;María Escobar ,&nbsp;Francisco Ruiz-Fons ,&nbsp;José Joaquín Cerón ,&nbsp;Ana Balseiro ,&nbsp;Christian Gortázar","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamics of generalist pathogens in complex host communities, such as those in grassland ecosystems, constitutes a frontier of knowledge in ecology and epidemiology. Globally, the increase in ruminant livestock has been associated with outbreaks of infectious diseases and a rise in the number of threatened species, leading to challenges for public health and biodiversity conservation by linking livestock, pathogens, and wildlife. However, the traditionally managed European grasslands and unfertilized open areas represent a kind of regenerative grazing characterized by high biodiversity and additional socio-ecological benefits, including enhanced ecosystem resilience and adaptive capacity.</div><div>With the aim to assess the relationship among traditional livestock grazing, biodiversity, and pathogen circulation, we analysed the mammal community biodiversity and interactions, as well as the pathogen exposure and indirect indicators of immune system activation in the selected indicator species wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) in a network of 18 study sites in the Iberian Peninsula. Our findings revealed that wild mammal richness and diversity were greater and antibody prevalences and multiple pathogen co-exposure in wild boar were lower in the presence of domestic ruminants. When grazing livestock is not present, an apparent amplification effect occurs.</div><div>Overall, the results suggest that traditional ruminant livestock grazing is associated with greater biodiversity and more balanced communities, as well as with improved indicators of ecosystem health, influencing pathogen transmission dynamics through potential replacement as less-susceptible hosts. These findings highlight the potential of traditionally managed livestock systems to support global health by enhancing biodiversity while mitigating disease risks. Such systems may reduce opportunities for pathogen spillover at the wildlife-livestock-human interface and contribute to more resilient socio-ecological landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"407 ","pages":"Article 129842"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress of biochar for aquatic pollutant control: Modification, mechanism and application","authors":"Xuan Luo ,&nbsp;Zhenlu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenye Yin ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Sun ,&nbsp;Haoqi Yang ,&nbsp;Chunmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaohua Jiang ,&nbsp;Jingquan Han ,&nbsp;Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuijian He","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water pollution remains a serious global challenge, and biochar has become a sustainable and economically efficient adsorbent for removing various aquatic pollutants. Recent engineering advances, including physical/chemical activation, hetero-atom doping, template-assisted synthesis and O-functionalization, have substantially upgraded its textural and chemical attributes. State-of-the-art activations typically deliver surface areas of 1500-2600 m² g⁻¹ and Cd(II) uptake capacities in the 200-450 mg g⁻¹ range, whereas La or Mg-modified biochars frequently achieve over 80 % phosphate removal. Despite these advances, the current focus of biochar modification is still on the pore structure and functional groups, and the perspective of decontamination still only focuses on the single adsorption function of biochar. This review proposes a multi-pathway synergistic strategy integrating adsorption, oxidation, precipitation, and complexation, along with non-radical oxidation and metal-biochar collaborative systems for removing heavy metal ions, non-metallic ions, dyes, antibiotics, and pesticides. It systematically analyzes mechanistic coupling in multi-pollutant matrices and environmental influences, establishing a ternary design framework (pore-surface-electronic properties) and a mechanistic hierarchy from passive adsorption to active redox degradation, offering molecular-level guidance for next-generation biochar reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"407 ","pages":"Article 129867"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}