{"title":"[Is RAI for Thyroid Cancer No More Needed?]","authors":"Seigo Kinuya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approximately, 5-10% of differentiated thyroid cancer patients experience distant metastases. 131I radioiodine(RAI)therapy fails in 60-70% of them, resulting that patients of less than 5% are categorized in the RAI refractory group including patients of RAI non-avid lesions and those of RAI avid but insufficient lesions. Redifferentiation of RAI accumulation has been examined with a variety of pharmaceuticals such as MKIs and BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Redifferentiation effects are monitored by scintigraphic findings and RAI therapy can be applied again. The phenomenon that patients with RAI avid lesions would not respond to RAI therapy may be explained by insufficient lesional radiation doses. In such cases, shrinkage of lesions with interventional drugs before RAI therapy would result in increase of lesional radiation doses. Such kind of strategy should be incorporated in future patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":35588,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 7","pages":"498-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[CD8+ T Cells in Anti-Tumor Immune Response].","authors":"Shigeki Ohta, Yutaka Kawakami","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cancer-immunity cycle has been proposed, and immunotherapeutic approaches, such as vaccines using self-antigens and adjuvant, have been employed for a long time, but their therapeutic effects have been limited. However, recent studies have demonstrated that immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are able to achieve high therapeutic efficacy, in a variety of cancer types. Today, advances in multi-omics technologies, including single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and multicolor immunostaining technologies, have made it possible to analyze immune cell dynamics at the single-cell level in a greater detail. While CD8+ T cells play a central role in the antitumor immune response, recent findings have revealed the existence of various subsets within the CD8+ T cell population. During the research on T cell exhaustion, the in vivo dynamics of T progenitor exhausted cells(Tpex cells)/stem cell memory T cells(TSCM)have also been elucidated. Tpex/TSCM cells are present in tumor-draining lymph nodes and within tumors and have reported to be an important target for ICIs. Furthermore, interactions between CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells(DCs), B cells, and CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment are crucial for the induction of cytotoxic CD8+ effector T cells. In human tumor tissues, cancer cells exhibit heterogeneous characteristics and the tumor microenvironment varies depending on cancer type, subtypes, and individual patients. To enhance the anti-tumor effects of CD8+ T cells in immunotherapy, it is essential to achieve a more precise understanding of the in vivo dynamics of CD8+ T cells in each patient and to develop strategies for their effective intervention. This knowledge will then be applied to the development of vaccine therapies, combination immunotherapies, and cellular immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":35588,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 7","pages":"485-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Advancing 131I-MIBG Therapy-New Horizons in Treating Malignant Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma].","authors":"Azusa Tokue, Tetsuya Higuchi, Hiroyuki Tokue, Yoshito Tsushima","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>131I-MIBG radionuclide therapy for the recurrence case of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma has been used in Europe from the 1980s, and in Japan from the 1990s by patient's expense. 131I-MIBG therapy for malignant phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma became the insurance adaptation in Japan in 2022, however there are not enough number of the facilities that can enforce this treatment now. Because radioactivity is given by oneself after the treatment, the patient is hospitalized in the lead cover room that is a radiation therapy sickroom. Cooperation of the medical staff having expertise to nuclear medicine treatment is necessary. Although it is not strong, as for the 131I-MIBG therapy, the cytoreductive effect controls progress and is effective in the decrease in serum catecholamine level. In this report, we speak a summary of the 131I-MIBG therapy, a fact of the treatment, toxicities, curative effect, present situation and the future prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":35588,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 7","pages":"512-516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[RI Therapy for Hematopoietic Tumors, Targeted α-Particle Therapy, and Future Prospects for Nuclear Medicine Therapies].","authors":"Noboru Oriuchi, Songji Zhao, Takayuki Ikezoe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nuclear medicine treatment is a treatment in which RI is administered to patients, and hematopoietic tumors were treated with 90Y-conjugated anti-CD20 antibodies for low-grade B-cell lymphoma from 2008 to 2021. Targeted α-particle therapy has attracted attention because they have a remarkable therapeutic effect and is effective in cases refractory to β-particle therapy. In Japan, astatine-211(211At)-labeled drugs are being developed due to the restriction of the production and supply of actinium-225(225Ac). Because hematopoietic tumors are sensitive to radiation and suitable for nuclear medicine therapy, the authors have been developing therapy with α radionuclides that target CD82, which is highly expressed in hematopoietic tumor stem cells. Overseas, the development of nuclear medicine treatment is progressing, and new drugs are being applied clinically one after another. In Japan, corporate clinical trials have been conducted and approved earlier than before. As a result, there will be a shortage of radiotherapy rooms that provide treatment and specialized medical personnel engaged in the treatment. In this article, we look at the future of conventional nuclear medicine therapies for hematopoietic tumors, the development of targeted α-particle therapy, and the problems as mentioned above.</p>","PeriodicalId":35588,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 7","pages":"517-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Current Status and Future Perspectives of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Neuroendocrine Tumors].","authors":"Ryota Nakashima, Yusuke Iizuka, Yuji Nakamoto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PRRT)using 177Lu-DOTATATE has become a well-established treatment option for patients with somatostatin receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumors(NET). The results of randomized controlled phase Ⅲ trials have demonstrated the high efficacy and low incidence of adverse events associated with PRRT, leading to a growing importance of PRRT in treatment strategies. In particular, NETTER-2 trial showed the efficacy and safety of first-line PRRT in G2-3 NET(10%≤Ki-67≤55%). However, in Japan, challenges remain in performing positron emission tomography as somatostatin receptor imaging, re-treatment for disease progression after PRRT, and post-PRRT imaging for personalized dosimetry due to limitations in coverage of public health insurance. Meanwhile, new radiopharmaceuticals utilizing different somatostatin analogs or α-emitting radionuclides are being investigated, with expectations for future clinical application. This article describes the current status, challenges, and future prospects of PRRT for NET.</p>","PeriodicalId":35588,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 7","pages":"492-497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Current Status and Prospects of RI Internal Therapy for Prostate Cancer].","authors":"Hiroji Uemura, Yusuke Ito, Takashi Kawahara","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most castration-sensitive prostate cancers(CSPC)with metastases progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)within a few years. In recent years, upfront treatment with second-generation antiandrogens, novel hormonal agents (ARSIs)and taxanes, administered at the mCSPC stage, has been developed and the evidence of delaying the time to reach CRPC has been reported. However, once the disease progresses to CRPC, there are few treatment options and no effective treatment sequence has been established. Ra223 as radiotherapy for bone metastases in mCRPC treatment has shown prolonged survival benefits, similar to ARSI and taxane-based anticancer drugs, and is widely used in Japan. Recently, prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)-lutetium therapy, in which PSMA is coupled to 177Lutetium and administered systemically, has been developed in Western countries for mCRPC expressing PSMA and is an effective RI therapy that reduces bone and visceral metastases. It is expected to be covered by health insurance in Japan in the near future and is expected to be a promising treatment for mCRPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":35588,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 7","pages":"505-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Bayesian Regression Modeling of the Correlation between Post-Progression Survival and Overall Survival in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy].","authors":"Motoko Kaneko, Toshihiro Shida, Yoshiki Abe, Jiro Ogura, Tadao Inoue, Hiroaki Yamaguchi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)are key indicators commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for advanced or recurrent cancer. However, in immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)therapy, improvements in PFS do not always correlate directly with extended OS. This study analyzed PFS, OS, and post-progression survival(PPS)using Bayesian statistics in cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumab and pembrolizumab. The findings indicate that PPS extension significantly contributed to prolonged OS for both drugs. Notably, in the pembrolizumab group, PPS demonstrated high predictive accuracy for OS, highlighting its potential as a stable metric. Additionally, ICI-associated delayed responses and pseudoprogression can affect PFS assessment, underscoring the importance of PPS evaluation in capturing the prolonged effects of ICI therapy. Future studies should further explore these relationships, potentially incorporating nonlinear models to enhance predictive accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":35588,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 7","pages":"523-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[A Case of Rectal Cancer Where the Intestinal Separation Line Was Significantly Altered by the Implementation of Intraoperative ICG Fluorescence Imaging].","authors":"Yuki Takano, Masatoshi Shigoka, Eiji Hidaka, Satoshi Tabuchi, Naokazu Chiba, Tetsuo Ishizaki, Yuichi Nagakawa, Shigeyuki Kawachi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ICG fluorescence imaging is a technique used for evaluating blood flow in rectal stumps and can prevent anastomotic insufficiency. An 83-year-old male underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer. After anal-intestinal tract dissection, we performed an oral-mesenteric division 10 cm above the tumor by extracorporeal operation guided by ICG fluorescence imaging. The blood flow boundary was observed 25 cm from the division site, and no blood flow was detected in the divided section. We performed mesenteric division and dissection at the ICG blood flow boundary. The postoperative course was favorable, and the patient was recurrence-free 1 year later. ICG has become the accepted method of blood flow evaluation and is a valuable tool for the prevention of anastomotic insufficiency. In some cases of rectal cancer, a few reports have shown significantly different results when mesentery division and ICG fluorescence imaging were performed; thus, the outcomes obtained in our case are meaningful.</p>","PeriodicalId":35588,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 6","pages":"471-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Successful Hemostasis with Chemoradiotherapy for Unresectable Large HER2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer with Massive Bleeding-A Case Report].","authors":"Hiroaki Miyake, Yuki Fujii, Ayumi Yokoyama, Kota Tanuma, Tomohide Adachi, Shigemichi Hirose, Shinsuke Funakoshi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this case report, we explored the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy(CRT)for an unresectable large HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer in a 67-year-old male patient. The patient presented with upper abdominal distension and severe anemia. Contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a 13 cm large tumor in the stomach, with multiple metastases to the liver and lungs. The patient was treated with CRT, combining radiotherapy with FOLFOX chemotherapy to manage persistent massive bleeding. Bleeding was successfully controlled within approximately 2 weeks, eliminating the need for further transfusions and allowing the patient to resume oral intake. Following CRT, trastuzumab-based chemotherapy resulted in significant tumor shrinkage, enabling continued treatment. This case highlights the potential of CRT as an effective treatment option for unresectable HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer complicated by massive bleeding. The successful control of bleeding using CRT might improve both the prognosis and quality of life(QOL)for such patients. We present this case to highlight the therapeutic benefits of CRT in similar clinical scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":35588,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 6","pages":"463-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[MRD Testing in Lung Cancer-Latest Insights and Developments].","authors":"Takahiro Karasaki, Hidehito Horinouchi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In lung cancer, circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)analysis has already been clinically implemented, for example, to detect resistance mutations to EGFR-TKIs. Recently, as in many other cancer types, postoperative detection of molecular residual disease (MRD) has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis. This article summarizes the latest findings on MRD research in lung cancer. A literature review as of May 2024 identified 41 studies on lung cancer MRD. Although no randomized trials have yet utilized MRD to guide treatment decisions in this field, retrospective studies consistently demonstrate its utility in predicting recurrence. In Japan, prospective studies such as JCOG2111A(MRDSEEKER trial, NCT06854939), which evaluates the kinetics and detection rate of MRD using a tumor-informed personalized assay, are currently underway. Notably, recent subset analyses of ctDNA/MRD assessments before and after treatment in randomized trials on perioperative chemoimmunotherapy and adjuvant therapy have garnered significant attention. However, the sensitivity of the assays used in these studies possibly remains suboptimal for lung cancer. Future prospective trials incorporating more sensitive, second-generation assays may be warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":35588,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 6","pages":"443-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}