Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.最新文献

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Full chip leakage-estimation considering power supply and temperature variations 考虑电源和温度变化的全芯片泄漏估计
Haihua Su, Frank Liu, A. Devgan, E. Acar, S. Nassif
{"title":"Full chip leakage-estimation considering power supply and temperature variations","authors":"Haihua Su, Frank Liu, A. Devgan, E. Acar, S. Nassif","doi":"10.1145/871506.871529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/871506.871529","url":null,"abstract":"Leakage power is emerging as a key design challenge in current and future CMOS designs. Since leakage is critically dependent on operating temperature and power supply, we present a full chip leakage estimation technique which accurately accounts for power supply and temperature variations. State of the art techniques are used to compute the thermal and power supply profile of the entire chip. Closed-form models are presented which relate leakage to temperature and VDD variations. These models coupled with the thermal and VDD profile are used to generate an accurate full chip leakage estimation technique considering environmental variations. The results of this approach are demonstrated on large-scale industrial designs.","PeriodicalId":355883,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129438964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 247
A systems approach to molecular electronics 分子电子学的系统方法
J. Heath
{"title":"A systems approach to molecular electronics","authors":"J. Heath","doi":"10.1145/871506.871596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/871506.871596","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular electronics circuits based on crossbar architectures can be utilized for both logic and memory applications, but in order to realize such applications, many things must be simultaneously considered. These include the design of the molecule, the molecule electrode interface, electronically configurable and defect tolerant circuit architectures, methods for bridging the nanometer-scale densities of these circuits to the sub-micrometer densities achievable with lithography, etc. In this talk I will treat such circuits as a system, and discuss how all of these various properties are interrelated. I will also present experimental results of working random-access memory and configurable logic circuits, and FET-based multiplexers capable of bridging length scales.","PeriodicalId":355883,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129670238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electric-energy generation using variable-capacitive resonator for power-free LSI: efficiency analysis and fundamental experiment 无电大规模集成电路用变容谐振器发电效率分析及基础实验
M. Miyazaki, Hidetoshi Tanaka, G. Ono, T. Nagano, N. Ohkubo, T. Kawahara, K. Yano
{"title":"Electric-energy generation using variable-capacitive resonator for power-free LSI: efficiency analysis and fundamental experiment","authors":"M. Miyazaki, Hidetoshi Tanaka, G. Ono, T. Nagano, N. Ohkubo, T. Kawahara, K. Yano","doi":"10.1109/LPE.2003.1231861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPE.2003.1231861","url":null,"abstract":"A power generator based on a vibration-to-electric energy converter using a variable-resonating capacitor is experimentally demonstrated. The generator consists of a complete system with a mechanical variable capacitor, a charge-transporting LC tank circuit and an externally powered timing-capture controller. A practical design methodology to maximize the efficiency of the vibration-to-electric energy generation system is also described. The efficiency of the generator is estimated based on three factors: the mechanical-energy loss, the charge-transportation loss, and the timing-capture loss. Through the mechanical-energy analysis, the optimum condition for the resonance is found. The parasitic elements in the charge transporter and the timing management of the capture scheme dominate the generation efficiency. These analyses enable the optimum design of the energy-generation system. An experimentally fabricated and measured generator theoretically has a maximum power of 580 nW; the measured power is 120 nW, so conversion efficiency is 21%. This results from a 43% mechanical energy loss and a 63% charge-transportation loss. The timing-capture scheme is manually determined and externally powered in the experiment, so its efficiency is not considered. With our result, a new system LSI application with an embedded power source can be explored for the ubiquitous computing era.","PeriodicalId":355883,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121134509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 95
Exploiting compiler-generated schedules for energy savings in high-performance processors 利用编译器生成的调度来节省高性能处理器的能源
M. Valluri, L. John, H. Hanson
{"title":"Exploiting compiler-generated schedules for energy savings in high-performance processors","authors":"M. Valluri, L. John, H. Hanson","doi":"10.1145/871506.871608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/871506.871608","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a technique that uniquely combines the advantages of static scheduling and dynamic scheduling to reduce the energy consumed in modern superscalar processors with out-of-order issue logic. In this Hybrid-Scheduling paradigm, regions of the application containing large amounts of parallelism visible at compile-time completely bypass the dynamic scheduling logic and execute in a low power static mode. Simulation studies using the Wattch framework on several media-arid scientific benchmarks demonstrate large improvements in overall energy consumption of 43% in kernels and 25% in full applications with only a 2.8% performance degradation on average.","PeriodicalId":355883,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116566909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Simultaneous Vt selection and assignment for leakage optimization 泄漏优化的同步Vt选择和分配
Ankur Srivastava
{"title":"Simultaneous Vt selection and assignment for leakage optimization","authors":"Ankur Srivastava","doi":"10.1145/871506.871543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/871506.871543","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach for leakage optimization through simultaneous V/sub t/ selection and assignment. V/sub t/ selection implies deciding the right value for V/sub t/ and assignment implies deciding which gates should be assigned which threshold value. The proposed algorithm is a general mathematical formulation that can be trivially extended to multiple threshold voltages (more than two). Traditional leakage optimization strategies either assume the prespecification of threshold values or are good only for two thresholds. The presented formulation is based on a linear programming approach under the piecewise linear approximation of delay/leakage vs threshold curves. The algorithm was incorporated in SIS. Experimental results indicate that on some benchmarks having more that two thresholds was beneficial for leakage.","PeriodicalId":355883,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115835999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 46
Energy-efficient data scrambling on memory-processor interfaces 内存处理器接口上的高能效数据置乱
L. Benini, A. Galati, A. Macii, E. Macii, M. Poncino
{"title":"Energy-efficient data scrambling on memory-processor interfaces","authors":"L. Benini, A. Galati, A. Macii, E. Macii, M. Poncino","doi":"10.1145/871506.871517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/871506.871517","url":null,"abstract":"Crypto-processors are prone to security attacks based on the observation of their power consumption profile. We propose new techniques for increasing the non-determinism of such a profile, which rely on the idea of introducing randomness in the bus data transfers. This is achieved by combining data scrambling with energy-efficient bus encoding, thus providing high information protection at no energy cost. Results on a set of bus traces originated by real-life applications demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solution.","PeriodicalId":355883,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126192592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Power-aware scheduling of conditional task graphs in real-time multiprocessor systems 实时多处理器系统中条件任务图的功率感知调度
Dongkun Shin, Jihong Kim
{"title":"Power-aware scheduling of conditional task graphs in real-time multiprocessor systems","authors":"Dongkun Shin, Jihong Kim","doi":"10.1145/871506.871607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/871506.871607","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel power-aware task scheduling algorithm for DVS-enabled real-time multiprocessor systems. Unlike the existing algorithms, the proposed DVS algorithm can handle conditional task graphs (CTGs) which model more complex precedence constraints. We first propose a condition-unaware task scheduling algorithm integrating the task ordering algorithm for CTGs and the task stretching algorithm for unconditional task graphs. We then describe a condition-aware task scheduling algorithm which assigns to each task the start time and the clock speed, taking account of the condition matching and task execution profiles. Experimental results show that the proposed condition-aware task scheduling algorithm can reduce the energy consumption by 50% on average over the non-DVS task scheduling algorithm.","PeriodicalId":355883,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127323417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 78
Microprocessor pipeline energy analysis 微处理器管道能量分析
Karthikeyan Natarajan, H. Hanson, S. Keckler, C. R. Moore, D. Burger
{"title":"Microprocessor pipeline energy analysis","authors":"Karthikeyan Natarajan, H. Hanson, S. Keckler, C. R. Moore, D. Burger","doi":"10.1145/871506.871577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/871506.871577","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in high-performance microprocessor power consumption is due in part to the large power overhead of wide-issue, highly speculative cores. Microarchitectural speculation, such as branch prediction, increases instruction throughput but carries a power burden due to wasted power for mis-speculated instructions. Pipeline over-provisioning supplies excess resources which often go unused. In this paper, we use our detailed performance and power model for an Alpha 21264 to measure both the useful energy and the wasted effort due to mis-speculation and over-provisioning. Our experiments show that flushed instructions account for approximately 6% of total energy, while over-provisioning imposes a tax of 17% on average. These results suggest opportunities for power savings and energy efficiency throughout microprocessor pipelines.","PeriodicalId":355883,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123624723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Elements of low power design for integrated systems 集成系统的低功耗设计要素
S. Kang
{"title":"Elements of low power design for integrated systems","authors":"S. Kang","doi":"10.1145/871506.871558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/871506.871558","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing prominence of portable systems and the need to limit power consumption and hence, heat dissipation in very high density VLSI chips have led to rapid and innovative developments in low power design recently. Leakage control is becoming critically important for deep sub-100 nm technologies due to the scaling down of threshold voltage and gate oxide thickness of transistors. In this paper, we discuss major sources of power dissipation in VLSI systems, and various low power design techniques on the technology and circuit level, logic level, and system level.","PeriodicalId":355883,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116739522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Reducing reorder buffer complexity through selective operand caching 通过选择性操作数缓存减少重排序缓冲区的复杂性
Gürhan Küçük, D. Ponomarev, O. Ergin, K. Ghose
{"title":"Reducing reorder buffer complexity through selective operand caching","authors":"Gürhan Küçük, D. Ponomarev, O. Ergin, K. Ghose","doi":"10.1145/871506.871564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/871506.871564","url":null,"abstract":"Modern superscalar processors implement precise interrupts by using the Reorder Buffer (ROB). In some microarchitectures, such as the Intel P6, the ROB also serves as a repository for the uncommitted results. In these designs, the ROB is a complex multi-ported structure that dissipates a significant percentage of the overall chip power. Recently, a mechanism was introduced for reducing the ROB complexity and its power dissipation through the complete elimination of read ports for reading out source operands. The resulting performance degradation is countered by caching the most recently produced results in a small set of associatively-addressed latches (\"retention latches\"). We propose an enhancement to the above technique by leveraging the notion of short-lived operands (values targeting the registers that are renamed by the time the instruction producing the value reaches the writeback stage). As much as 87% of all generated values are short lived for the SPEC 2000 benchmarks. Significant improvements in the Utilization of retention latches, the overall performance, complexity and power are achieved by not caching short-lived values in the retention latches. As few as two retention latches allow all source operand read ports on the ROB to be completely eliminated with very little impact on performance.","PeriodicalId":355883,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128055183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 117
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