遗传最新文献

{"title":"Advances in high-throughput screening of cyclic peptide drugs using mRNA display technology.","authors":"Shuang Wang, Xue Zhu, Jing Fang, Yan Xue, Zhi-Hong Huang, Ke Wang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-186","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclic peptides have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for targeting classically deemed \"undruggable\" protein that defy conventional small-molecule intervention. Their rigid conformations improve binding affinity, selectivity and proteolytic stability, bridging the gap between low-molecular-weight drugs and large biologics. Early discovery of cyclic peptide relied on natural product isolation. However, display technologies now enable the generation and screening of libraries containing up to 10¹⁵ unique sequences. Among these, mRNA display technology offers a uniquely powerful <i>in vitro</i> platform that covalently links genotype (mRNA) to phenotype (encoded peptide), facilitating the ultrahigh-throughput interrogation of trillions of variants in a single selection cycle. Recent clinical translation of <i>de novo</i> mRNA display-derived cyclic peptides signals the approach's maturation. In this review, we systematically evaluate mRNA display technology by outlining its methodological framework and highlighting its unique advantages for engineering macrocyclic therapeutics. We critically examine its transformative potential as well as its inherent limitations in identifying bioactive cyclic peptides, with particular attention to library diversity and the precision of on-resin screening. Through this analysis, we aim to provide insightful perspectives and strategic recommendations to guide future efforts in exploiting mRNA display for the development of innovative cyclic peptide-based drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 4","pages":"345-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and application of sequence polymorphism features of 41 forensic Y-chromosome short tandem repeat loci.","authors":"Lei Miao, Chi Zhang, Ke-Lai Kang, Xue Bai, Ke-Li Guo, Li Yuan, Le Wang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-152","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Y chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) is an important genetic marker in forensic practices. Length-based Y-STR genotyping method has been used to screen paternal lineages and successfully solved many serious cases. However, it is hard to discriminate paternal lineages with similar or identical length-based Y-STR genotypes. Next-generation sequencing-based Y-STR genotyping method could be used to solve the problem, and already be applied to criminal scene investigations. Nevertheless, previously studied data were inadequate and scattered, and sequence features of Y-STR loci were insufficiently summarized, which hindered the deep forensic application of Y-STR loci. Here, we review the sequence features of repeat and flanking regions on 41 widely used forensic Y-STR loci based on public literature data. Furthermore, we identify haplogroup-associated Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms within these regions and explore potential applications of sequence-based polymorphisms. This review is expected to serve as a valuable reference for paternal lineage discrimination and paternal biogeographic ancestry inference using Y-STR sequence features.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 4","pages":"355-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evolutionary perspective on the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling mechanism of duck plague virus UL54 protein.","authors":"Ming-Fei Xu, Yan-Hong Yang, Qian-Qian Li, Hong Zhu, Chao-Yue Liu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-131","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Duck plague virus (DPV), a member of the alpha-herpesvirus, causes duck plague (DP), thereby posing a serious threat to the waterfowl industry. The DPV <i>UL54-</i>encoded protein shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm to modulate viral replication. However, the role of the UL54 protein in the evolutionary process remains unknown. This study is conducted from an evolutionary perspective to explore the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling characteristic of UL54 protein. First, we analyzed the co-evolution on DPV whole genome and its <i>UL54</i> gene using molecular evolutionary methods. Next, we constructed phylogenetic trees based on <i>UL54</i> nucleotide sequences and the corresponding amino-acid sequences from different alpha-herpesvirus stains. Based on these phylogenetic trees, we selected strains that are genetically close to DPV, and performed <i>UL54</i> gene sequence alignment between DPV and those phylogenetically related strains. Then, we discovered there were specific mutation sites in <i>UL54</i> gene of DPV. Finally, we constructed recombinant plasmids with genetic mutations to detect the influence of mutation sites on the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling property of the <i>UL54-</i>encoded proteins. The results showed that DPV exhibited dual modes comprising co-evolution with its natural hosts and cross-species transmission, meanwhile <i>UL54</i> genes from different viral strains exhibited marked evolutionary divergence. Further investigation revealed there were three specific mutation sites (Lys269, Leu348 and Leu377) in UL54 amino acid sites, which were correlated with evolution of DPV. Mutation at these sites significantly impacted the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling property of the <i>UL54</i>-encoded protein. Our study provides a rationale for understanding the evolutionary mechanism of DPV and exploring new therapeutic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 4","pages":"421-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching design of a multi-dimensional aging experiment using the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> model.","authors":"Li-Juan Teng, Jia-le Wang, Hui Wang, Yue-Ran Xiong, Ya-Jun Yang, Jing-Yan Zhang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-312","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>), a classical model organism in the field of life sciences, possesses advantages including easy cultivation, a short life cycle, and a well-defined genetic background. It has been widely used in studies of developmental regulation, aging, genetics, and stress responses. To improve undergraduates' research literacy and experimental competence, we designed an experimental teaching system centered on <i>C. elegans</i>, which integrates both scientific and practical feasibility guided by the principles of \"progressive learning\" and inquiry-based teaching. Our system consists of four experimental modules: morphological observation, behavioral analysis, microscopic structure identification, and intestinal barrier assessment. Advanced techniques such as microscopic imaging and quantitative behavioral analysis are incorporated into the teaching process to cultivate students' experimental skills and scientific communication abilities. Teaching practice has demonstrated that our approach offers multiple advantages, including a short experimental cycle, low cost, high safety, and clear, intuitive results, which effectively stimulate students' interest in scientific research and foster the development of scientific thinking. This study provides valuable insights for teaching reform in undergraduate life science courses and for the broader application of genetic model organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 4","pages":"432-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of social evolution from cockroaches to termites.","authors":"Dong-Wei Yuan, Sheng Li","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.26-023","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.26-023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transition from solitary ancestral cockroaches to wood-feeding cockroaches exhibiting biparental care and termites displaying sibling altruism is closely linked to their ecological specialization in feeding on nutrient-poor dead wood. However, the underlying genomic evolutionary mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate this issue, the research team led by Sheng Li from South China Normal University conducted a multi-omics comparative analysis of genomes and transcriptomes across eight Blattodea species. They found that genomes progressively contracted during the evolution from cockroaches to termites. In wood-feeding cockroaches, the downregulation of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation and peroxisomes constrained the growth and development rates of their offspring, which aligns with the observed slow larval growth. Termites, on the other hand, lost key genes involved in sperm motility, providing genomic support for the hypothesis that their reproductive division of labor is based on monogamy. Furthermore, termites achieved caste differentiation by co-opting nutrition-sensitive core developmental signaling pathways, such as juvenile hormone, insulin, epidermal growth factor receptor, and decapentaplegic (Dpp). This mechanism enables workers to exhibit high energy metabolism early in development to meet labor demands, while reproductive nymphs highly express energy metabolism-related genes later in development to ensure reproductive functions. This study systematically reveals the homeostatic maintenance mechanisms of termites as \"superorganisms\" and elucidates, at the molecular level, the evolutionary basis of social caste differentiation and energy allocation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 3","pages":"239-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress on <i>N</i>⁴-acetylcytidine in animal reproductive development.","authors":"Xin-Yue Zhu, Kun-Long Hu, Wen-Huan Xu, Meng-Qing Xuan, Xin-Qi Gan, Zhi-Yuan Yang, Wen-Zhuo Wang, Zheng-Qiu Liu, Meng-Ya Zhang, Bei-Bei Zhou, Wen-Jie Yu, Yun-Hai Zhang, Zu-Bing Cao","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-267","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>N</i>⁴-acetylcytidine (ac⁴C) is an emerging RNA epigenetic modification that has attracted considerable attention in the field of epitranscriptomics in recent years. This modification is widely present in tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, and various non-coding RNAs. By precisely regulating RNA stability and translational efficiency, ac⁴C modulates the expression network of downstream genes, thereby playing a critical role in cellular function. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the distribution patterns, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of ac⁴C, highlight the associated writer enzymes, detection methodologies, and the involvement of ac⁴C in animal reproductive development. We aim to provide a solid theoretical foundation and valuable research insights for future investigations into the regulatory mechanisms of ac⁴C modification in animal and human reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 3","pages":"272-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in translatable circular RNAs.","authors":"Guang-Fu Zou, Min Zhou, Chuan Huang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-153","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of stable single-stranded RNA molecules with diverse biological functions in eukaryotic cells. Beyond acting as direct regulatory factors, circRNAs can also indirectly participate in various physiological and pathological processes through their encoded functional proteins. The molecular mechanisms and research strategies of circRNA translation, the association between circRNA-encoded proteins and major human diseases, as well as the application of circRNAs as expression vectors for therapeutic proteins, have become cutting-edge focuses in the biomedical field. Focusing on the three above-mentioned aspects in this review, we summarize the current progress of translatable circRNA studies, aiming to provide comprehensive insights and perspectives into the field of circRNA translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 3","pages":"244-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of biomarkers for non-obstructive azoospermia based on microRNA and bioinformatics screening.","authors":"Zhi-Hong Li, Miao-Qi Chen, Xiao-Jun Yuan, Hua-Jun Huang, Wan-Ting Huang, Piao-Yan Zhou, Chen Zeng, Xunuo Feng, Luo-Yao Yang, Shu-Qiang Huang, Cui-Yu Tan, Cai-Rong Chen, Qiu-Xia Yan","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-089","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the occurrence of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Nevertheless, there is still a lack of research on the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate target genes to mediate NOA at present. In this study, we obtained NOA-related miRNA datasets from the GEO database and applied differential expression matrices combined with weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and LASSO regression to identify four key miRNAs. Based on the miRDB database, the target genes of these miRNAs were predicted and intersected with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the NOA transcriptome datasets. This intersection resulted in the identification of 18 DEGs. The spermatogenesis score model revealed a significant positive correlation between the overall expression level of these 18 DEGs and spermatogenesis scores, suggesting their potential involvement in NOA development. These 18 DEGs were subsequently incorporated into machine learning, leading to the identification of four hub genes with high diagnostic value: <i>MGARP</i>, <i>FER1L5</i>, <i>SNX2</i>, and <i>PAPOLB</i>. In the NOA mouse model, <i>MGARP</i> and <i>SNX2</i> were upregulated, whereas <i>FER1L5</i> and <i>PAPOLB</i> were downregulated, consistent with the expression trends observed in the NOA datasets. These findings indicate that <i>MGARP</i>, <i>FER1L5</i>, <i>SNX2</i>, and <i>PAPOLB</i> may serve as novel biomarkers for NOA, providing a theoretical and experimental foundations for elucidating its mechanisms and improving clinical diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 3","pages":"301-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of SERINC2 as a biomarker in tumor prognosis and immunology: analysis from pan-cancer studies.","authors":"Min Zhao, Hui-Qi Ying, Yi-Lei Yang, Qing-Lv Chen, Wen Lin, Zhen-Zhai Cai, Li-Miao Lin, Yang-Yang Teng","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-090","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serine incorporator (SERINC) is a family of transmembrane protein involved in lipid synthesis. Among its family members, SERINC2 has been implicated in tumor pathogenesis. Pancreatic carcinoma (PAAD), a highly malignant tumor characterized by an extremely poor prognosis, lacks effective biomarkers. To date, the association between SERINC2 and pan-cancer or tumor immunity remains unreported in the literature. Consequently, investigating the utility of SERINC2 for prognostic prediction in PAAD lays the groundwork for developing diagnostic biomarkers and SERINC2-targeted immunotherapy strategies. In this study, we used the transcriptional data in normal and tumor tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Analysis of publicly available data (TCGA, GTEx, HPA) revealed significant <i>SERINC2</i> overexpression in multiple cancers, which was associated with advanced clinicopathological stage (<i>P</i><0.05). Analysis of the Genomic Stability Associated Cancer Analysis (GSCA) database revealed a significant positive correlation between copy number variation (CNV) and <i>SERINC2</i> expression levels. Conversely, DNA methylation was inversely correlated with <i>SERINC2</i> expression (<i>P</i><0.05). Further investigation utilizing TCGA database demonstrated that <i>SERINC2</i> expression was significantly associated with the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, response to immunotherapy, and the extent of immune cell infiltration. Notably, a negative correlation was observed between <i>SERINC2</i> expression and the tumor microenvironment (TME) score in most cancer types analyzed (<i>P</i><0.05). We constructed a prognostic model for PAAD based on 25 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from the TCGA cohort using the \"limma\" package. This model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly distinct survival outcomes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of 54 PAAD patient samples validated that high <i>SERINC2</i> expression was significantly associated with poorer prognosis; patients with high expression had a significantly shorter median overall survival (19.67 <i>vs</i> 50.52 months, <i>P</i>=0.029). Collectively, our findings provide a rationale for developing SERINC2-based diagnostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 3","pages":"287-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the genetic history research of the Daur ethnic group.","authors":"Chi-Zao Wang, Xue-Er Yu, Si-Yao Sang, Hai-Yan Wang, Mei-Sen Shi, Hui Li","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-132","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the genetic evolutionary history of the Daur people is academically valuable for determining how the core lineages of Mongolic-speaking and East Asian populations were formed, as the Daur represent an ancient branch of the Mongolic-speaking population. Academic research and discussion in this field focused on the genetic relationships between the Daur and ancient Khitan populations. The resulting large amounts of deep sequencing data obtained have been used to deepen our understanding of the complexity of the genetic evolution and migration-fusion history of human populations. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest progress in research on the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages of the Daur population from 2019 to 2025. We integrated the developmental history of the Daur ethnic group with the genealogical data of key families and determined the evolutionary trajectory of the paternal and maternal genetic histories of the Daur population. This review provides a reference for subsequent research on the genetic histories of related populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 3","pages":"262-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}