{"title":"नेपाली उपन्यासमा पत्रप्रयोगको प्रयोजन","authors":"विष्णु न्यौपाने","doi":"10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50251","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा नेपाली उपन्यासमा पत्रप्रयोगको प्रयोजनको विश्लेषण र मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । विशेष कारणले आफ्ना शुभचिन्तकहरू घरठेगानाबाट टाढा भएको अवस्थामा विचारविनिमयको महत्वपूर्ण साधनकारूपमा पत्रको प्रयोग गरिन्छ । घरायसी कुराहरू, सुखदुःख, मायाप्रेम, गुनासाहरू तथा आर्थिक लेनदेनका कामकारबाहीहरू पत्रमा व्यक्त गरिन्छन् । साहित्यका विभिन्न विधामा पनि पत्रको प्रयोग गरिएको पाइन्छ । तीमध्ये कतिपय उपन्यासमातिनको अंशका रूपमा पत्रको प्रयोग गरिएकाहुन्छन् । त्यस्ता पत्रहरू मानिसको वास्तविक जीवनसँग सम्बन्धित रहेर आदानप्रदान गरिएका भन्दा पनि साहित्यकारले साहित्यिक रचनाका मूल तत्वको संवद्र्धनमा उपयोग गरेका हुन्छन् । नेपाली उपन्यासमा प्रयुक्त पत्रको स्वरूप, विषयवस्तु र अभिप्रायकोनिरूपण गर्नु यस लेखको उद्देश्य हो । प्रस्तुत उद्देश्यप्राप्तिका लागि उपन्यासमा पत्रप्रयोगको आवश्यकता र उपन्यासमा पत्रप्रयोगको प्रयोजनलाई सैद्धान्तिक ढाँचाका रूपमा अवलम्बन गरी नेपाली उपन्यासमा प्रयुक्त पत्रहरूको पाठगत साक्ष्यका आधारमा पत्रको अध्ययन, विश्लेषणद्वारा सामान्यीकरण गरी निष्कर्षीकरण गरिएको छ । उपन्यासमा पत्रप्रयोग उपन्यासकारको विशिष्ट शैली भएकाले यिनले कथावस्तुको विन्यासमा रोचक तथा सार्थक निष्कर्षउन्मुख बनाउने, पात्रको चरित्राङ्कन र परिवेश चित्रणमा यी बहुपयोगी हुने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ।","PeriodicalId":352884,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116289871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Importance of Buddhism to Heal Trauma in Pahadi’s “The Tears of Terror”","authors":"Badri Prasad Pokharel","doi":"10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50225","url":null,"abstract":"This article has tried to analyse Kishor Pahadi’s “The Tears of Terror” by applying Buddhism and its principal assets which would help the victims relieve from the pain and suffering or trauma they have got during the ten-year long Maoist insurgency. People during the decade-long conflict were badly inflicted by the fatal consequences from which they could hardly get over. Different measures were taken to help them get over, however, following some meditative aspects of Buddhism, one can get relief from the mental shock which has been imprinted in mind for a long time. This article is not talking about leaving home and going to the monasteries, rather it highlights some meditative aspects of Buddhism which can relieve the victims who is/are narrated in this story.","PeriodicalId":352884,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114658873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Reading of John Keats’s Isabella and Lamia","authors":"Kul Bahadur Khadka","doi":"10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50235","url":null,"abstract":"Keats’s Isabella and Lamia are narrative poems. They describe passionate love stories. In the former, two brothers with mercenary motive murder Lorenzo, the lover of their sister. Isabella, the sister, hides the cut-off head of the lover in a basil-pot. She loves the head. The cruel brothers steal the basil-pot with the head. Isabella pines and dies. The brothers are banished from Florence. In the latter, Lamia, a serpent-woman, seduces Lycius, a youth of Corinth. Apollonius, a sage or Lycius’s instructor, detects her identity and denounces her in their marriage feast. She vanishes. On the spur of moment, Lycius dies. This research article makes a comparative reading of Isabella and Lamia in terms of their sources, motifs, themes and characters. It has been structured into three parts- Introduction, Thematic patterns and Conclusion. John Keats’s respective poems and various books with critics’ opinions about Keats and his Isabella and Lamia have been consulted in course of preparing this research. The article concludes that Keats creates pleasure and horror in both poems mentioned above in order to balance two worlds- the real and the ideal.","PeriodicalId":352884,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131558263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"माधव भँडारीको घरजम नाटकमा लैङ्गिकता","authors":"रामप्रसाद गुरागाँई","doi":"10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50255","url":null,"abstract":"नेपालको पूर्वी जिल्ला इलामको सुम्बेकमा जन्मिएर भारतको वनारसमा शिक्षा ग्रहण गरी साहित्यचार्यसम्मको शिक्षा हासिल गरेका भँडारीले नेपाली साहित्यमा उच्चतम मूल्य बोकेका नाटकहरु र एकाङ्की लेखेका छन् । नेपाली साहित्यमा माधव भँडारी नाटककार, कथाकार, निबन्धकार, कवि, उपन्यासकार र समालोचकका रूपमा परिचित छन् । उनले नेपाली साहित्यलाई सङ्ख्यात्मक मात्र होइन, गुणात्मक दृष्टिले पनि उत्कर्षता प्रदान गरेको पाइन्छ । घरजम नाटकमा महानिंद्राबाट पुरुषसत्तालाई व्युँझाइएको छ । सासू–बुहारी, लोग्ने–स्वास्नी बिचमा हुने सामान्य झगडा र खटनपटनलाई लिएको पाइन्छ । तर यो झगडा परिवारमा मात्र सिमित छैन । सासू र बुहारीबिचको झगडा परम्परा र आधुनिकताबिचको द्वन्द्व हो । यहाँ परम्पराको प्रतिनिधित्व सासू नैनीले गरेकी छ भने आधुनिकताको प्रतिनिधित्व बुहारी शशी र देवकीले गरका छन् । यसमा रमानाथका दुष्कार्यलाई लेखकले ढाकछोप गर्न खोजे तापनि रमानाथले हारेको छ र शशी चाहिँ नारी चेतना र जागरणको पाठ पढाउन सफल भएकी छ । यद्यपि उसको पाठ यथार्थभन्दा आदर्शको नजिक छ । अर्को तेस्रो पक्ष हो– अन्याय र सहनशीलता बिचको द्वन्द्व । यसमा अन्याय र अत्याचारको प्रतिनिधित्व सासू र लोग्नेले गरेका छन् । सहनशीलताको प्रतिनिधित्व बुहारीहरूले गरेका छन् । यहाँ पनि बुहारीहरूको विजय भएको छ तर बुहारीहरूले सहनशीलताको बाटो त्यागेर विद्रोहको बाटो समातेपछि मात्र उनीहरू लक्ष्यमा पुग्न सफल भएका छन् । यस लेखलाई व्यवस्थित गर्न सैद्धांतिक शोधविधि, समस्याको कथन, उद्धेश्य, सामग्री सङ्कलनको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसरी यहाँ अन्यायमाथि न्यायको, परम्परामाथि आधुनिकताको र पुरुषहरूमाथि नारीहरूको विजय भएको देखाउनका लागि माथि उल्लिखित विधातात्विक आधार बनाइएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":352884,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129438396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"वर्णविन्यास वक्रता र राजेश्वरी खण्डकाव्यमा त्यसको प्रयोग","authors":"डी.पी. भट्टराई","doi":"10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50248","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा वर्णविन्यास वक्रताका मापदण्डका आधारमा कवि माधवप्रसाद घिमिरेद्वारा रचित ‘राजेश्वरी’ खण्डकाव्यको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । वर्णविन्यास वक्रता कुन्तकद्वारा प्रतिपादित वक्रोक्ति सिद्धान्तका छ भेदमध्ये प्रथम भेद हो । वर्णविन्यास वक्रता काव्यका आधारभूत अवयव वर्णहरूको आवृत्तिबाट उत्पन्न लय सौन्दर्यसँग सम्बन्धित रहेको छ । यसका पनि एक वर्णविन्यास वक्रता, द्वि वर्णविन्यास वक्रता, बहुवर्णविन्यास वक्रता, वर्गान्तयोगीस्पर्श, तलनादि, रकारादि र यमकाभास गरी सात भेद रहेका छन् । यहाँ यिनै सात भेदका आधारमा ‘राजेश्वरी’ खण्डकाव्यमा पाइने वर्णविन्यास वक्रताको विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्ष दिने कार्य भएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":352884,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131518829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conceptualizing Social Exclusion from Hilary Silver’s Multidimensional Perspective","authors":"Tek Nath Subedi","doi":"10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50241","url":null,"abstract":"Social exclusion as a concept evolved in the late twentieth century to analyze the structuralblockage of individuals. It started gaining momentum within a short two decade-period,and succeeded in overshadowing other issues of development and underdevelopment discourses. Eventually, a context was emerged in which different societies are labeled or analyzed in terms of their exclusionary or inclusionary practices. Attempts of analyzing societies from social exclusion theories were highly popular, but most of the scholar’s focus were limited either to a single or a few dimensions of social exclusion. It is felt that the diverse and stratified society needs multidimensional perspective for being properly analyzed. This paper, therefore, aims to review pertinent theories of social exclusion, and synthesizes the main arguments from them. After reviewing a dozen of scholastic writings, this paper gives hand to Hilary Silver’sidea of multidimensional perspective in analyzingthe social exclusion. It concludes that the multidimensional form and nature of social exclusion analyzed more convincingly by Hilary Silver is more applicable to portray the picture of type and intensity of social exclusion in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":352884,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134050151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Buying Behavior on Alcoholic Product inside Kathmandu Valley","authors":"Yeak Narayan Sharma","doi":"10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50245","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effect of different social media marketing in consumer buying behavior on liquor products inside the Kathmandu Valley. Consumers' behavior is the dependent variable, and perceived value, quality service, usefulness, awareness, word of mouth, entertainment, and credibility are the independent variable. The primary data source is a respondent's opinion regarding consumer buying behavior through social media marketing. There are 101 respondents incorporated to reach the purpose of the study. The study followed a structured questionnaire and used a descriptive model to identify the relationship between important factors with consumer behavior be in Kathmandu valley.This study shows the perceived value of service of quality is positively related to consumer buying behavior and indicates that higher the perceived value would positive value of consumer buying behavior. Similarly, there is a positive relationship between perceived usefulness for consumer buying behavior, indicating that a higher perceived value of usefulness increases consumer buying behavior. The result also shows a positive correlation between word of mouth and consumer behavior. Itindicates that the higher the positive word of mouth concern would increase consumer buying behavior.Also, entertainment has a positive relation to brand loyalty; indicate that take higher the result of entertainment; the higher would be consumer buying behavior. There is a positive relationship between credibility and consumer buying behavior; it indicates that positive credibility increases consumer buying behavior. The descriptive static is used to measure the result that the higher mean value for perceived service quality, usefulness, word of mouth, credibility, entertainment, and other factors affects consumer buying behavior.","PeriodicalId":352884,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116314344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Half Cauchy Exponential Geometric Distribution: Model, Properties and Application","authors":"Lal Babu Sah Telee, Murari Karki, Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50236","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a new distribution called Half Cauchy Exponential Geometric Distribution is introduced. We have derived some important mathematical properties like hazard function, probability density function, survival function, quantiles, the measures of skewness based on quartiles and coefficient of kurtosis based on octiles of the new distribution. To estimate the parameters of the new distribution, we have applied the three commonly used estimation methods namely maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), least-square (LSE) method and Cramer-Von-Mises (CVM) method. We have used R programming as well as analytical methods for data analysis. For the assessment of potentiality of the new distribution, we have considered a real dataset and the goodness-of-fit attained by proposed distribution is compared with some competing distributions.It is found that the proposed model fits the data very well and more flexible as compared to some other models.","PeriodicalId":352884,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130888791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Glimpse of Industrialization in Nepal: Reality and Challenges","authors":"Chandra Prasad Dhakal","doi":"10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50231","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal is land locked nation with concise number of population and difficult geographical structure. Industrialization is one of the major challenges of Nepal for Economic development. In this study, it analyzes major challenges of industrialization in Nepal in term of economic prosperity and development. The study followed qualitative research design and only used secondary source of data that were collected through different libraries and internet. Conclusion of this study is based on the analysis and interpretation of data collected from the different sources. Access on global market, lack of infrastructure for industries, political instability, lack of capital and skilled manpower, lack of the access on sea transportation and weak road network, lack of raw materials are the major challenges of industrialization in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":352884,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133331411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding of the Maoist Movement (1996-2006): The Large-scale and long-run Perspective","authors":"Murari Krishna Gautam","doi":"10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50237","url":null,"abstract":"In 2006 AD there was a massive changes; millions of people took to the streets calling for democracy and freedom. The 2006 Maoist movement is a one of the biggest movements in Nepal as known as a kind of revolution. It's known as political achievement against the direct power of king Gyanedra Shah who had an absolute power to control or rule for all people of Nepal. There have been various causes of that movement. There was hierarchy relationship of lower class and upper class, oppressed groups, peasant, state structure, bureaucracy and others. The Maoist movement of Nepal has been a product of its socio-economic and political context. This paper tries to analysis and explores the Maoist movement trough the large-scale and long run perspective. According to this perspective, there was various causes changed in both state institutions and social structures and its outcomes are still showing respectively, many outcomes have to be come. Past conflicts and institutional structures have long term effects and are of critical importance for later development and have large scale impact in structure. Large scale history defines its scope on major structures or international factors, defines the outcomes to be studied in larger terms; and the causes for these outcomes are determined by large structures, international ideology, psychology and others.","PeriodicalId":352884,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122195535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}