Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques最新文献

{"title":"Alcool, alcoolisation, alcoolisme, dépendance, addiction : définitions et chiffres français","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cet article propose quelques repères pour appréhender les évolutions des usages d’alcool en France. Premièrement, la décision publique en matière de prévention des risques de l’usage d’alcool y est fortement contrainte par le poids économique et l’influence de la filière vinicole. Deuxièmement, la multiplicité des termes et l’évolution des concepts qui décrivent les usages d’alcool créent de la complexité. Troisièmement, la consommation d’alcool des Français continue de régresser. L’âge d’initiation recule. La baisse des niveaux d’usage des lycéens s’intensifie depuis 2018, y compris pour la pratique des alcoolisations ponctuelles importantes (API). La part des usages quotidiens devient marginale chez les jeunes adultes. La pratique des API n’est pas réservée aux jeunes générations, notamment chez les hommes. Enfin, les repères de consommation sont relativement bien connus, mais pas toujours respectés.</div></div><div><div>This article offers some insights into changes in alcohol consumption in France. Firstly, public decision-making on preventing the risks associated with alcohol use is strongly constrained by the economic weight and influence of the wine industry. Secondly, the multiplicity of terms and the evolution of concepts describing alcohol use create complexity. Thirdly, French alcohol consumption continues to decline. The age of initiation is falling. The decline in levels of use among secondary school students has intensified since 2018, including for heavy episodic drinking (HED). Daily use is becoming marginal among young adults. HED is not restricted to the younger generation, particularly among men. Finally, safer drinking guidelines are relatively well known, but not always respected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35047,"journal":{"name":"Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcoolisation et addiction à l’alcool après chirurgie bariatrique","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Le trouble de l’usage d’alcool fait partie des complications de la chirurgie bariatrique et apparaît généralement à distance de l’intervention. De multiples facteurs peuvent favoriser la consommation d’alcool et son évolution vers un mésusage de l’alcool. Certains d’entre eux sont spécifiques à la chirurgie bariatrique et permettent de mieux comprendre la prévalence du trouble de l’usage d’alcool après chirurgie bariatrique. Des moyens de prévention et d’action sont donc indispensables afin de limiter le risque, d’identifier les signes d’un trouble de l’usage d’alcool, mais aussi de proposer un accompagnement spécifique aux personnes qui se trouveraient en difficulté vis-à-vis de leur consommation d’alcool.</div></div><div><div>Alcohol use disorder is one of the complications of bariatric surgery, usually occurring after the operation. Many factors can encourage alcohol consumption and its development into alcohol misuse. Some factors are specific to bariatric surgery, and help us to better understand the prevalence of alcohol use disorder after the surgery. Therefore, prevention and action plan are essential to limit the risk, to identify the signs of alcohol use disorders, and to offer specific support to people presenting a difficulty with alcohol consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35047,"journal":{"name":"Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perte de sensibilité aux hypoglycémies et risque d’hypoglycémie sévère : état des lieux et perspectives","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>La perte de sensibilité aux hypoglycémies (PSH) est une réduction de la capacité à reconnaître les signes avant-coureurs de l’hypoglycémie qui concerne environ 25 % des diabétiques de type 1 avec une physiopathologie complexe et des conséquences potentiellement graves, dont la survenue d’hypoglycémies sévères. Plusieurs scores/questionnaires sont à disposition même s’il importe en premier lieu d’interroger les patients. Les nouveaux outils technologiques, <em>flash glucose monitoring</em> (FGM) et mesure continue du glucose (MCG), peuvent fournir des informations en temps réel sur la glycémie et générer des alertes en cas de baisse rapide de la glycémie. Il existe désormais des FGM avec alerte de seuil glycémique, de même que des MCG disposant d’alertes prédictives. Ce sont des outils essentiels pour aider à prévenir les hypoglycémies sévères et à en atténuer les conséquences chez les patients vivant avec un diabète.</div></div><div><div>Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) is a reduction in the ability to recognise the warning signs of hypoglycaemia which affects around 25% of type 1 diabetics, with a complex pathophysiology and potentially serious consequences, including the occurrence of severe hypoglycaemia. Several scores/questionnaires are available, although it is important first and foremost to interview patients. New technological tools, such as flash glucose monitoring (FGM) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), can provide real-time information on blood glucose levels and generate alerts in the event of a rapid drop of glycaemia. There are now FGMs with glycaemic threshold alerts, as well as CGMs with predictive alerts. These are essential tools to help prevent severe hypoglycaemia and mitigate its consequences in patients living with diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35047,"journal":{"name":"Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcool, vous avez dit alcool","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35047,"journal":{"name":"Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1957-2557(24)00207-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1957-2557(24)00207-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35047,"journal":{"name":"Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les approches non médicamenteuses dans l’addiction à l’alcool","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selon le Baromètre de Santé Publique France, 8 % des personnes de plus de 50 ans exclusivement déclarent consommer quotidiennement de l’alcool. Quel que soit l’âge, 12,6 % des hommes consomment quotidiennement contre 3,8 % des femmes. L’addiction à l’alcool peut être considérée comme une pathologie comportementale hétérogène et multifactorielle acquise, se développant dans un délai variable en réponse à différents facteurs de vulnérabilité. Seconde cause de mort évitable dans le monde, la consommation d’alcool entraîne de nombreuses complications hépatiques, cardiovasculaires, neurologiques, psychiatriques, ainsi que des cancers. La prise en charge thérapeutique des sujets ayant une addiction à l’alcool est multimodale et intégrée. Elle comprend une approche pharmacologique, psychothérapeutique à la fois pour le trouble lié à l’usage d’alcool et pour les comorbidités psychiatriques. Il faudra également prendre en compte les comorbidités physiques et sociales. Dans cet article, nous nous intéresserons aux principales approches non pharmacologiques validées comme les interventions brèves, les entretiens motivationnels, la thérapie cognitive et comportementale et la gestion des contingences.</div></div><div><div>According to the French Public Health Barometer, 8% of people over the age of 50 exclusively report consuming alcohol daily. Regardless of age, 12.6% of men consume daily compared to 3.8% of women. Alcohol addiction can be considered as an acquired heterogeneous and multifactorial behavioral pathology, developing over a variable time frame in response to different vulnerability factors. Second cause of preventable death in the world, alcohol use leads to numerous hepatic, cardiovascular, neurological and psychiatric complications, as well as cancers. Therapeutic treatment of subjects with alcohol addiction is multimodal and integrated. It includes a pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approach for both alcohol use disorder and psychiatric comorbidities. It will also be necessary to consider physical and social comorbidities. In this article, we will focus on the main validated non-pharmacological approaches such as brief interventions, motivational interviewing, cognitive and behavioral therapy and contingency management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35047,"journal":{"name":"Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prévalence de l’hyperglycémie aux urgences médicales au CHU de Bouaké chez des patients sans antécédent de diabète","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35047,"journal":{"name":"Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brèves","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35047,"journal":{"name":"Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quel rôle joue le microbiote intestinal dans le trouble de l’usage d’alcool ?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Le trouble de l’usage d’alcool (TUA) est un problème de santé publique majeur ayant de nombreuses répercussions psychologiques et sociales pour l’individu qui consomme et son entourage. Les agents pharmacologiques, ciblant les neurotransmetteurs cérébraux impliqués dans le développement du TUA, montrent une efficacité limitée. Cette revue s’intéresse au rôle du microbiote intestinal dans le développement du TUA. Les voies de communication entre l’intestin et le cerveau y sont développées. L’alimentation jouant un rôle clé dans la modulation du microbiote, des approches nutritionnelles pourraient être envisagées afin de réduire les symptômes psychologiques des patients atteints de TUA.</div></div><div><div>Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a major public health problem with numerous psychological and social repercussions for the individual who consumes and his related persons. Pharmacological agents targeting the brain neurotransmitters involved in the development of AUD have shown limited effectiveness. This review focuses on the role of the gut microbiota in the development of AUD. The communication pathways between the gut and the brain are developed. As diet plays a key role in modulating the microbiota, nutritional approaches could be considered to reduce the psychological symptoms of patients suffering from AUD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35047,"journal":{"name":"Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faut-il traiter une dyslipidémie chez une personne âgée ?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mmm.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>L’hypercholestérolémie est un facteur de risque cardiovasculaire majeur quel que soit l’âge du patient. Malheureusement peu d’études ont été réalisées chez les patients âgés. Ce manque de preuve ne permet pas d’établir des recommandations fortes pour la prise en charge. Pourtant les traitements sont aussi efficaces et sûrs que chez les patients plus jeunes. La prescription doit donc reposer sur l’évaluation de la balance bénéfice–risque entre le niveau risque cardiovasculaire du sujet, ses comorbidités, son espérance de vie, son état fonctionnel et cognitif et ses préférences.</div></div><div><div>Hypercholesterolemia is a major cardiovascular risk factor regardless of the patient's age. Unfortunately, few studies have been carried out in elderly patients. This lack of evidence does not make it possible to establish strong recommendations for treatment. However, the treatments are as effective and safe as in younger patients. The prescription must therefore be based on the evaluation of the risk–benefit balance between the subject's cardiovascular risk level, their comorbidities, their life expectancy, their functional and cognitive state and their preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35047,"journal":{"name":"Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}