Sanjay Pal, Philip Kridiotis, Ana Jiménez Vergel, Zarja Medved, Raquel Barbosa, Alan Werker
{"title":"Direct melt extrusion of polyhydroxyalkanoate solvent-rich gels after polymer extraction and melt processing with integrated solvent recovery","authors":"Sanjay Pal, Philip Kridiotis, Ana Jiménez Vergel, Zarja Medved, Raquel Barbosa, Alan Werker","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145818","url":null,"abstract":"Melt extrusion was evaluated for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-solvent gels. Gels in 2-butanol were produced with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) co-polymer blends. Gels were formed by extracting PHA from dried biomass, or by dissolving it in 2-butanol, at up to 135 °C followed by cooling the solutions to room temperature. Excess solvent was pressed from the gel to make a compact gel cake. Cakes with less than 95 wt.% 2-butanol were grated into a granulate that could then be consistently fed and melt-processed in a twin-screw extruder. Gels showed significantly reduced PHA melt temperatures. For example, PHB melting temperature was reduced from 180 °C (neat polymer) to 115 °C in a 60 wt.% 2-butanol gel. The PHA molecular weight decomposition rates were independent of 2-butanol presence, and they were reduced 6-fold from 180 to 160 °C. Gel extrusion accomplishes polymer drying, solvent recovery, and melt processing altogether. More than 98 wt.% solvent removal with 77 wt.% solvent recovery was achieved using a vacuum pump and condenser attached to one extruder vent port. Extrudate quality was consistent, but it was influenced by the selected die temperature and barrel conditions that controlled gel residual solvent content at the die. PHA gel extrusion was characterized, and experiments are reported herein. Process efficiencies (solvent recovery and specific mechanical energy), and extrudate qualities were assessed. Insights were gained with thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, rheology and microscopy. The outcomes suggest benefits from directly combining solvent-based PHA recovery from biomass with gel-based PHA formulation and melt-processing into bioplastic articles.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangwei Meng , Han Zhang , Jiacheng Shang , Ning Hou , Lixin Li , Dapeng Li , Xinyue Zhao
{"title":"Exploring the role of cytochrome bc1 complexes in alleviating the inhibition of microbial nitrogen metabolism by nanoplastics: Insights into the use of recycled aggregates from constructed wetlands","authors":"Xiangwei Meng , Han Zhang , Jiacheng Shang , Ning Hou , Lixin Li , Dapeng Li , Xinyue Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constructed wetlands (CWs), prized for their low-carbon and eco-friendly wastewater treatment, face challenges from pervasive nanoparticle (NP) pollution. This study demonstrated that recycled aggregates, sourced from construction waste, could replace gravel as CW substrates, reducing environmental impacts by 22.8 % (HTP) and 27.2 % (METP) and cutting costs by 68.2 %. The hydroxyl groups (-OH) on the recycled aggregate surfaces enhanced NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N removal by 22.3 % through electrostatic adsorption. Microbial analysis revealed that recycled aggregates also boosted the abundance of nitrifying bacteria, accounting for 32.8 % of nitrogen-metabolizing microorganisms, with <em>Hyphomicrobium</em> playing a vital role under NP pollution. Furthermore, recycled aggregates increased the expression of <em>CYC1</em> (11.7-fold) and <em>petB</em> (7.1-fold), promoting cytochrome <em>bc</em>1 complex synthesis. This complex utilized NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N as an electron donor to generate proton motive force (pmf), which enhanced nitrogen compound transport and supplied energy for nitrogen metabolism, effectively mitigating NPs' inhibitory effects on microbial nitrogen cycling in CWs. This comprehensive study provided scientific evidence and technical guidance for paving the way for enhanced environmental sustainability and ecological resilience of CWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 145837"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on the benefit-driven mechanism for low-carbon development in regional industrial transfer","authors":"Qiushi Wang, Lixiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China stands at a pivotal juncture in its low-carbon industrial transformation, and effectively aligning stakeholder incentives is the linchpin of success when hosting relocated industries. This paper begins by identifying and categorizing the principal actors-government agencies, private firms, financial institutions, and civil society organizations-and clarifying their distinct objectives in the context of low-carbon industrial relocation. We then employ principal component analysis to quantify the relative importance of diverse incentive drivers within an overarching benefit-sharing framework. Building on these results, we introduce an enhanced Shapley-value mechanism that integrates each stakeholder's level of investment, emissions-reduction contribution, and risk exposure, thereby constructing a cooperative incentive scheme tailored to regional low-carbon development. Finally, through an empirical case study of a representative host region, we assess the performance of the proposed benefit-allocation plan and outline strategic pathways to accelerate low-carbon industrial transfer. Our findings advance the theoretical foundations of regional incentive design and offer actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to establish sustainable, collaborative models for low-carbon growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 145823"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E.S. Alves , M. Costamagna , J. Bellosta von Colbe , J. Barale , E.M. Dematteis , H. Stühff , T. Stühff , M. Ante , R. Bellahcene , Q. Nouvelot , C. Luetto , M. Baricco , P. Rizzi
{"title":"Life cycle assessment for the determination of the environmental impacts of an advanced large-scale hydrogen storage system from HyCARE EU project","authors":"E.S. Alves , M. Costamagna , J. Bellosta von Colbe , J. Barale , E.M. Dematteis , H. Stühff , T. Stühff , M. Ante , R. Bellahcene , Q. Nouvelot , C. Luetto , M. Baricco , P. Rizzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urgency to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change has accelerated the development of renewable energies. Hydrogen can be considered an effective vector for the storage of renewable energies but it still faces challenges for the storage at the solid state in large scale systems. The HyCARE European project proposed the development of a prototype at the solid-state using TiFe0.85Mn0.05 alloy as H<sub>2</sub> carrier. The prototype also presents an innovative thermal energy storage system using phase change material (PCM) that is integrated with the metal hydride tanks. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of prototype's construction, use and End-of-Life (EOL) and propose possible solutions to reduce the environmental impacts. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed using a functional unit of storing 46 kg of hydrogen over 50 years. To evaluate the system's environmental impacts, different comparisons were done: i) the Hycare integrated system; ii) the system without the integration of the PCM; iii) a simple reference system for storing gaseous H<sub>2</sub> in tubes. The assessment of the HyCARE system identified the metal hydrides powders, particularly titanium, as primary contributors of the system environmental impacts. Energy necessary to operate the prototype accounts for less than 7 % in all impacts, except in ‘Resource use (fossil)'. The EOL phase, modelled with recycling and incineration, reduce impacts, primarily in ‘Resource use (minerals and metals)'. The LCA assessment indicates that the storing solution with the lower environmental impacts lies in adopting the HyCARE system without the integration of the PCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 145836"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhanqi Liu , Manyu Zhang , Shuo Wang , Hui Qiu , Yaran Song , Qina Sun , Tifeng Jiao , Qingrui Zhang
{"title":"Tunable Coordination-Responsive Metal-Phenolic Membranes for Selective and Efficient Pb(II) Remediation with Low-Chemical Regenerant in Actual Wastewaters","authors":"Zhanqi Liu , Manyu Zhang , Shuo Wang , Hui Qiu , Yaran Song , Qina Sun , Tifeng Jiao , Qingrui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal contamination in industrial wastewater, particularly lead (Pb(II)), poses significant environmental and health challenges. Conventional membrane technologies, like nanofiltration and ultrafiltration, struggle with selectivity and separation recovery in complex wastewater streams. To address this, we present an advanced metal-phenolic network (MPN) membrane that leverages the tunable coordination chemistry of Tannic Acid (TA) and metal complexes to address these limitations. The TA-MPN membrane demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving 6-15 times higher selectivity for Pb(II) than commercial polyamide membranes, even in the presence of competing ions such as Cd(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI) and Ni(II). In electroplating wastewater applications, the membrane reduces Pb(II) levels to below 0.1 mg/L with a capacity of 80 L/m<sup>2</sup> and removal efficiency exceeding 95%, meeting stringent GB21900-2008 standards. Furthermore, the membrane exhibits outstanding regenerability, maintaining consistent performance over 10 regeneration cycles using extremely low doses of 0.1% HCl. An economic analysis reveals a preparation cost of 22.6 USD/m<sup>2</sup> and a treatment cost of 0.227 USD per ton of wastewater, demonstrating its cost-effectiveness. The findings establish the TA-MPN membrane as a scientifically robust solution for selective and cost-effective Pb(II) remediation and recovery, effectively addressing the limitations of conventional membranes while advancing scalable and sustainable technologies for heavy metal treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 145807"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Chemical Method to Upcycle Waste Polypropylene into Bitumen Compatible Modifier by Polyol Grafting through Reactive Extrusion","authors":"Jingting Lan, Zhen Leng, Ruiqi Chen, Xiong Xu, Rui Li, Fuliao Zou, Zhifei Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145831","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the utilization of waste plastics in asphalt pavement construction has gained increasing interest for both waste recycling and pavement performance enhancement. However, most existing methods to recycle waste plastics are physical, and their effectiveness was limited by the severe phase separation in waste plastic modified bitumen. Alternatively, chemical recycling approaches show promise to address this concern but have not been sufficiently studied yet. Hence, this study aims to develop an innovative chemical recycling approach to solve the poor storage issue of waste plastic modified bitumen. The approach involved grafting polar functional groups, maleic anhydride (MA) and flexible polyol chains onto recycled polypropylene (PP) thorough reactive extrusion. The infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses confirmed the partial degradation of PP and the successful production of PP grafted by MAH (PP-g-MAH) and PP-g-MAH grafted by polyol (PP-g-MAH-g-Polyol) modifiers. Performance tests showed that extruded PP modifiers exhibited superior workability and could preserve the excellent high-temperature properties of the plastic modified bitumen without significantly affecting the viscosity-temperature susceptibility. And the storage stability and dynamic shear rheology (DSR) tests revealed that PP-g-MAH-g-Polyol had a more pronounced positive impact on the storage stability compared with PP-g-MAH, due to its improved polarity and similarity in aromatic structures with bitumen. Overall, the proposed chemical recycling method can effectively address the storage challenges of the waste PP modified binder while maintaining excellent high-temperature performance, showing high potential for applications.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessia Amato , Nicolò M. Ippolito , Matteo D'Arcangelo , Alessandro Becci , Valentina Innocenzi , Francesco Ferella
{"title":"Vanadium, molybdenum and nickel: A sustainability analysis of the extraction from ores versus recovery from spent catalysts","authors":"Alessia Amato , Nicolò M. Ippolito , Matteo D'Arcangelo , Alessandro Becci , Valentina Innocenzi , Francesco Ferella","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current increasing demand of raw materials has pushed the worldwide research towards the development of innovative processes able to recover metals from end-of-life materials. Considering their content of Mo, Ni and V combined with the availability on the market, the waste hydrodesulfurization catalysts represents an interesting secondary raw material. In the perspective of the implementation of circular economy strategies, a real effective recycling must combine a high efficiency with high environmental sustainability level. With this aim, the present paper carried out a sustainability evaluation by the life cycle assessment (LCA) tool to compare an innovative recycling of catalysts with the primary production of V, Mo, and Ni. The analysis proved that the secondary production allows a CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. emission saving higher than 40 %, corresponding to a carbon credit up to around 2,000,000 $ per year, strongly linked to the kind of supplied energy (country based). The analysis further proved that the waste catalysts, can be integrated with the most common steel scraps treatment with the implementation of a successful and sustainable industry of secondary V.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 145817"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances and prospects in antibiotics removal by coagulation technique: a systematic review","authors":"Qiyun Feng, Kangying Guo, Beibei Liu, Chenxu Wang, Binjie Yan, Qinyan Yue, Yue Gao, Baoyu Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotics, as emerging environmental contaminants, pose significant ecological and human health risks due to their persistence in aquatic systems. Thus, the environmental risks associated with antibiotics necessitate the application of innovative, efficient, and sustainable technologies for pollution control. As an environmentally friendly approach, coagulation has attracted considerable attention for antibiotic wastewater treatment. However, successful implementation requires thorough evaluation of performance characteristics and influencing factors. Currently, no comprehensive review exists that systematically examines coagulation's effectiveness and applications for antibiotic removal. This work specifically focuses on recent advances in coagulation technology for antibiotic treatment, particularly addressing key influencing factors and practical applications. Different coagulants or flocculants and factors affecting coagulation efficiency are summarized, and the performance of coagulation applied to real antibiotic wastewater and in combination with other processes is also elucidated. Despite remarkable advances, there are still several issues that require serious consideration, including the structure-activity relationship of coagulants, the mechanism of the external conditions on coagulation effects, and the industrial application of coagulation for the treatment of antibiotics. This review concludes by identifying emerging trends and future research directions to enhance coagulation processes for effective antibiotic removal from both water and wastewater systems. Overall, by examining the latest advancements and applications, this review aims to highlight the potential and challenges of coagulation treatment of antibiotics, promoting the development of practical applications in antibiotic treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"514 ","pages":"Article 145825"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaolin Zhang , Tian Li , Ruixiang Li , Wenqing Yan , Wenhan Wang , Guoliang Wang , Xiaojing Li
{"title":"Transpiration drive soil biogeochemical cycles to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in plant-microbial electrochemical systems","authors":"Xiaolin Zhang , Tian Li , Ruixiang Li , Wenqing Yan , Wenhan Wang , Guoliang Wang , Xiaojing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intrusion of petroleum into soil ecosystems causes severe environmental damage. A synergistic plant-microbe-electrochemical soil remediation technology offers a strategic and eco-friendly solution to address this issue. However, the significant mass transfer resistance in soil poses a major limitation for long-distance site remediation. This research introduces a novel technique that leverages water circulation driven by plant transpiration to facilitate the long-distance migration, adsorption, and electrochemical degradation of hydrocarbons. Experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of <em>Iris tectorum</em>, polyurethane sponge (as an electrode support matrix), and water-retaining agents significantly enhanced soil water circulation, enabling the migration of soluble organic carbon over distances of up to 60 cm. Additionally, the application of a weak voltage (0.7 V) to the electrode further improved total organic carbon (TOC) removal, achieving a reduction of 193 ± 71 mg/L. After 42 days of remediation, hydrological circulation accelerated the degradation of <em>n</em>-alkanes and aromatics, with removal efficiencies reaching 57 % and 44 %, respectively, within the 20–60 cm range in the microbial electrochemical cell (MEC) group. The functional microbiota, enriched with electroactive microorganisms, was effectively cultivated on the anode, with the total abundance of potential hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria increasing by 42 % compared to the control. Furthermore, a scalable configuration has been proposed, offering a novel perspective for multidimensional ecological soil remediation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"514 ","pages":"Article 145822"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaowei Gan , Zhengjie Chen , Wenhui Ma , Xiaowei Chen , Junyu Qu , Yaopan Hu , Jianhua Wen , Zening Cheng
{"title":"A new type of carbonaceous reducing agent pellets for industrial silicon smelting with low grade non-stick coal coupled micro-silicon powder: from laboratory scale to industrial test scale","authors":"Xiaowei Gan , Zhengjie Chen , Wenhui Ma , Xiaowei Chen , Junyu Qu , Yaopan Hu , Jianhua Wen , Zening Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-grade non-stick coal (LNC) has large reserves and high carbon content, but it is often used as thermal coal, leading to the waste of high-quality coal resources and poor economic benefits. In this study, a carbonaceous reducing agent composite pellet (LCM) for industrial silicon smelting is proposed. This composite pellet was mainly composed of low-grade non-stick coal mixed with micro-silica powder (MS) and a composite organic binder (COB). The wet ball strength, dry ball strength, thermal strength, and crushing resistance of LCM pellets were 4134 N, 3350 N, 2134 N, and 81.30 %, respectively. These values were 34.62 %, 52.86 %, 26.36 %, and 28.03 % higher than those of LNC pellets, which demonstrated good pellet formation (K = 0.680). XPS and TG-FTIR were used to analyze the reason of the thermal strength weakening caused by the binder. SEM-EDS and BET were used to analyze the morphology, surface area and porosity of LCM. Moreover, gasification reaction, kinetic analysis, thermodynamics, and apparent morphology analysis revealed that the reactivity of the LCM pellets was higher than that of charcoal (CC). Finally, an industrial test was conducted to compare the production indices before and after replacing 3–6 % of CC and medium-viscosity coal. The feasibility of using composite pellets to replace part of the carbonaceous reducing agent in industrial silicon production could be demonstrated from the perspective of carbon and energy balance. This study offers a new approach to the high-value utilization of LNC and the recovery of MS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 145829"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}