Journal of Cleaner Production最新文献

{"title":"Thermodynamic, economic and environmental assessment of advanced transcritical CO2 supermarket refrigeration architectures with maintenance-cost sensitivity analysis","authors":"Miguel Ferro,&nbsp;Sandrina Pereira,&nbsp;Luís Filipe Baptista,&nbsp;Luis Alfonso Díaz-Secades","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern supermarket refrigeration systems are progressively transitioning toward low-global-warming-potential solutions, with transcritical CO₂ architectures emerging as promising alternatives to conventional synthetic refrigerants. However, the thermodynamically optimal refrigeration technology may not necessarily coincide with the most suitable solution for industrial implementation. This study compares a conventional booster cycle (BC), a parallel-compression system (PC), and a booster cycle with low-pressure ejectors (BLPE) through a thermodynamic, economic, environmental, and dual-layer multi-criteria assessment. Annual simulations are performed using location-specific outdoor dry-bulb temperature profiles for Berlin (Germany), Lisbon (Portugal), Albuquerque (United States), and Singapore under a fixed supermarket load profile, while LCC, TEWI, and the quantitative technical-MCDM assessment are restricted to the Lisbon reference case. Relative to BC, model-predicted annual electricity-consumption reductions range from 10.55% to 11.68% for PC and from 12.38% to 12.62% for BLPE. In Lisbon, PC and BLPE reduce LCC by 7.11% and 8.74%, respectively, and TEWI by 10.80% and 12.50%. BLPE therefore provides the best quantitative technical performance, although its baseline LCC advantage over PC is eliminated by an additional annual maintenance-cost premium of approximately 803 Euro/year. In contrast, the expert-informed adoption-readiness layer ranks PC first; PC occupies first position in 85.5% of bootstrap expert-resampling realizations and in 99.293–99.957% of Monte Carlo criterion-weight realizations across TOPSIS, VIKOR, and EDAS. These results indicate that thermodynamic superiority and industrial adoption readiness may diverge, and that maintenance-cost tolerance and implementation perceptions should be considered alongside modeled performance when selecting advanced CO₂ refrigeration architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 149572"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating seed sedimentation for sustainable sulfur hexafluoride hydrate formation using cyclopentane hydrate seeds","authors":"Jeongwoo Lee,&nbsp;Kwangbum Kim,&nbsp;Nadia Delfi Zafira,&nbsp;Wonhyeong Lee,&nbsp;Yun-Ho Ahn,&nbsp;Jae W. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) is a highly potent greenhouse gas with a long atmospheric lifetime, necessitating efficient and low-energy capture strategies. Hydrate-based SF₆ capture has emerged as a promising alternative due to its low operating cost and high uptake capacity compared with conventional technologies. This study investigates a static hydrate-based SF₆ capture process employing cyclopentane (CP) hydrate seeds and evaluates the synergistic effects of CP seeds and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) under varying driving force (DF) conditions. Visual observations revealed an unfavorable seed-drowning phenomenon under 5 K DF, where SF₆ hydrate accumulation on CP seeds induced early sedimentation. Increasing CP seed concentration suppressed sedimentation by reducing the overall density and increasing the seed stability. Higher DF promoted vertical growth and wall adhesion, mitigating sedimentation even at low seed loadings. The optimized condition (0.0556 mol% CP seed and 500 ppm SDS, 10 K DF) achieved high SF₆ uptake (51.009 mmol SF₆/mol H₂O) and rapid formation (<em>t</em>_<em>90</em> = 0.492 h) without retardation. Compared with agitated or porous media systems, the CP seed process achieved comparable uptake while exhibiting significantly lower energy demand and improved volumetric efficiency. These findings demonstrate the application of CP seeds to static SF₆ hydrate formation while providing mechanistic design criteria for clean and feasible SF₆ capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 149593"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of spent coffee grounds into metal–phenolic coatings for producing spray-dried microbial biostimulants for sustainable agriculture","authors":"Emily M. Makeev,&nbsp;Bruno A.M. Carciofi,&nbsp;Tina Jeoh","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry microbial biostimulants offer a convenient and sustainable approach to enhancing crop health and yield. However, their efficacy is limited by the challenge of stabilizing microbes into dry products because scalable dehydration methods such as spray drying impose substantial thermal and osmotic stresses that often result in substantial viability losses. In this work, metal-phenolic network (MPN) coatings were applied to <em>Klebsiella michiganensis</em> M5al, a Gram-negative, plant-beneficial bacteria, prior to spray drying to enable their survival during the rapid thermal dehydration process. Uncoated cells lost 5.0 ± 0.21 log viability during spray drying, whereas tannic-acid-iron coatings reduced this loss to 3.2 ± 0.34 log with a streamlined, single-coat process, and 2.1 ± 0.47 log with a two-coat process. Furthermore, phenolics present in water extracts of spent coffee grounds (SCG) were shown to form MPNs with protective performance comparable to those formed from purified tannic acid, reducing viability loss during spray drying to 3.5 ± 0.19 log. Nano-scale infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of metal-phenolic coatings on cell surfaces, while atomic force microscopy indicated improved structural preservation during spray-drying. These findings show that SCG-derived phenolics can serve as sustainable feedstocks for protective MPN coatings and demonstrate the feasibility of using waste-derived phenolics as functional substitutes for purified reagents in MPN coatings. This approach simultaneously enables scalable production of dry microbial biostimulants and valorization of abundant, phenolic-rich agro-industrial residues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 149574"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensor product fusion of LIBS and acoustic emission signals for waste identification in recycling","authors":"Lei Yang,&nbsp;Ao Liu,&nbsp;Xuanchen Li,&nbsp;Congyuan Pan,&nbsp;Huaqin Xue,&nbsp;Mengjie Xu,&nbsp;Jingjing Chen,&nbsp;Fangfang Liu,&nbsp;Yongqing Wei,&nbsp;Feng Ji,&nbsp;Rongsheng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate identification of recyclable waste is essential for efficient material recovery. However, existing spectroscopic studies have not fully addressed the combined challenges of integrating hierarchical identification requirements, representing subtle spectral differences, and effectively exploiting cross-modal complementarity. To address these gaps, this study develops a two-stage classification framework for recyclable waste, integrating laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and plasma acoustic emission signals (PAES). For coarse classification, a Difference–Summation Gramian Angular Field (DSGAF) encoding method transforms one-dimensional LIBS spectra into two-dimensional representations to enhance spectral discriminability. For fine subclassification, LIBS-derived elemental-composition information is combined with complementary physical-response information carried by PAES. Mutual information (MI) and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) are used for feature selection, and a LIBS–PAES Tensor Product Enhancement (LPTE) method is introduced to explicitly exploit cross-modal interactions. The DSGAF-based 2DCNN increased the independent-test accuracy from 91.11% to 98.48% for classifying recyclable waste into paper–wood, glass, plastic, metal, and textile categories. For fine subclassification of plastic, metal, and textile waste, the MI_LPTE model achieved accuracies above 99% and outperformed unimodal and conventional fusion models. These results demonstrate the potential of hierarchical LIBS–PAES sensing for recyclable-waste sorting and material recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 149599"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergy or crowding-out? How the superposition of mitigation and adaptation policies shapes firm green innovation in China","authors":"Ming Yuan,&nbsp;Ninger Lou,&nbsp;Kequan Huang,&nbsp;Ruochen Zeng,&nbsp;Shanshan Wang,&nbsp;Han Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate governance increasingly requires the simultaneous pursuit of mitigation and adaptation. However, whether their policy superposition promotes or constrains firm green innovation remains unclear. Drawing on Policy Mix Theory, this study applies a Double Machine Learning framework to analyze 11,012 firm-year observations of Chinese A-share listed firms (2005–2023), exploiting the overlapping implementation of the Low-Carbon City Pilot and the Climate-Resilient City Pilot. We find that the superposition of the two pilots generates policy synergy and significantly enhances firm green innovation (<em>β = 0.259, p &lt; 0.01</em>), with a stronger response for invention patents (<em>β = 0.319, p &lt; 0.01</em>) than for utility models. Mechanism analysis reveals that this dual-pilot superposition heightens managerial climate-risk attention (<em>β = 0.099, p &lt; 0.01</em>) and increases government environmental subsidies (<em>β = 1.300, p &lt; 0.05</em>). The synergy effect is concentrated among state-owned enterprises and financially unconstrained firms, is stronger in non-super-large cities and eastern regions, and is activated primarily when mitigation pressure is high but adaptation pressure is low. These heterogeneous responses across ownership types and regional conditions further suggest that the realization of such cross-objective policy synergies depends on firms’ absorptive capacity and the local institutional environment, factors largely overlooked in current policy-mix designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 149613"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumers' intentions to return PET bottles in a hybrid waste management system: evidence from Vietnam","authors":"Ngan Thi Thanh Le,&nbsp;Dat Tien Le,&nbsp;Diem Hong Nguyen,&nbsp;Phu Thanh Phan,&nbsp;Nhi Nguyen Khanh Le,&nbsp;Tri Minh Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the expansion of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) to reduce plastic waste in emerging economies, consumers’ return intentions in the hybrid formal–informal waste management systems remain insufficiently understood. This study extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by incorporating environmental concern, economic incentives, convenience of return, and perceptions of informal recycling to explain PET bottles return intentions. A dual-channel survey (online and face-to-face) was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, yielding 325 valid responses from January to March 2026. Employing covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), several key findings emerge. Perceived behavioral control is the strongest predictor of return intention (<em>β</em> = 0.307, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), followed by subjective norms (<em>β</em> = 0.219, <em>p</em> = 0.002) and attitude (<em>β</em> = 0.141, <em>p</em> = 0.033). Perceptions of informal recycling positively influence return intention (<em>β</em> = 0.129, <em>p</em> = 0.040). Rather than acting as a competitive barrier, positive perceptions of the informal sector serve as a complementary enabler that supports formal return intentions. These findings highlight the need for EPR policies to coordinate stakeholders across the entire value chain. It is essential to prioritize infrastructural accessibility and incorporate informal scrap dealers into official reverse logistics chains to achieve sustainable circularity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 149595"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of biogas reforming for hydrogen production: A comparative investigation","authors":"Ke Li,&nbsp;Zhigang Yi,&nbsp;Xing Peng,&nbsp;Song Xie,&nbsp;Tianyi Li,&nbsp;Yijian Liu,&nbsp;Siqi Liu,&nbsp;Zhao Sun,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic solid waste (OSW) can be valorized through anaerobic digestion, producing biogas as a renewable energy carrier while enabling efficient resource recovery. As biogas is primarily composed of CH₄ and CO₂, its conversion into hydrogen offers a promising pathway for both renewable energy production and greenhouse gas utilization. However, multiple thermochemical conversion routes have been proposed, and their relative advantages in terms of hydrogen production performance, carbon utilization, and energy consumption remain unclear. In this regard, three thermochemical pathways, namely methane decomposition (MD), dry reforming of methane (DRM), and combined steam and dry reforming of methane (CSDRM), are systematically evaluated using Aspen Plus to identify the most suitable process for hydrogen production from OSW−derived biogas. CSDRM represents the best comprehensive performance among the investigated pathways. In this process, the simultaneous steam and dry reforming reactions synergistically enhance methane conversion. The hydrogen concentration and hydrogen utilization efficiency achieve 57.9 vol % and 94.3 %, respectively, accompanied by the highest syngas yield of 127.9 kmol h⁻¹. The hydrogen production rate of CSDRM increases by 34.9 % and 35.5 % compared with MD and DRM, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 149580"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149091182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Supply Chain Life Cycle Decisions: Empirical model validation for a large-scale case","authors":"Selin Hülagü,&nbsp;Wout Dullaert,&nbsp;A. Sena Eruguz,&nbsp;Reinout Heijungs,&nbsp;Dirk Inghels","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Companies are under growing pressure to improve the sustainability of their supply chains, yet quantifying and optimizing life cycle impacts remains challenging in practice. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) provides a standardized methodology for evaluating environmental impacts, but its integration with supply chain optimization has been limited in scope and scale. The Supply Chain Life Cycle Optimization (SCLCO) framework (<span><span>Hülagü et al., 2025</span></span>) addresses this gap by embedding LCA within a matrix-based optimization model that jointly considers environmental and economic objectives across the supply chain, for a small-scale and single-objective illustrative example. This paper presents the first large-scale, multi-objective empirical application of SCLCO, applied to a semi-finished aluminum rolled products manufacturer with 2294 customer orders and 51 alloy groups. The case study extends the generic SCLCO model (<span><span>Hülagü et al., 2025</span></span>) with case-specific formulations for a real-life industrial setting. It demonstrates the model’s capability to handle multifunctional processes by avoiding allocation (which the earlier mono-functional example could not evaluate) and integrates real-life company data with LCA databases within a unified data structure, tackling the heterogeneity and incompleteness issues inherent to industrial data. This matrix-based data structure proves effective for systematic data collection and cross-disciplinary communication between LCA and supply chain teams, making data gaps immediately visible. Moreover, computational experiments validate that the SCLCO model delivers actionable, data-driven sustainability insights for complex supply chains. Analysis of the Pareto-optimal solutions reveals a relationship between carbon footprint and cost that is governed by sourcing and energy decisions. Finally, sensitivity analyses confirm that the resulting supply chain configurations are robust to energy data variability and demonstrate that optimizing for different environmental indicators yields distinctly different optimal supply chain designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 149547"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decarbonizing Canadian commercial aviation: Efficiency gains, sustainable aviation fuel, and structural limits to emissions reduction","authors":"Ammar Abulibdeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commercial aviation is a difficult-to-abate sector in which traffic growth can offset improvements in operational and fuel efficiency. This study evaluates the decarbonization trajectory of Canadian commercial aviation from 2015 to 2025, examining whether efficiency gains have been sufficient to counteract activity-driven emissions growth and represent a persistent structural improvement. This study analyzes eight open-government analytical datasets, supplemented by two external benchmark sources. Kaya–Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition quantifies the contributions of activity, stage length, load factor, and fuel intensity to CO₂ emissions, while trend and structural-break analyses assess changes in emissions intensity. Complementary analyses examine airport recovery, an exploratory association between occurrence-based turbofan representation and aviation incidents, and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) scenarios. Annual CO₂ intensity declined significantly over the non-pandemic period, and fuel-intensity improvements avoided approximately 2.9 Mt CO₂ between 2015 and 2019. However, activity growth added approximately 5.3 Mt CO₂, outweighing these gains. Monthly analysis identifies a major structural disruption at the onset of COVID-19 followed by a subsequent recovery regime. Airport recovery was heterogeneous, while the safety analysis identified an exploratory negative association between occurrence-based turbofan share and incident counts. Under the SAF uptake and traffic-growth scenarios evaluated, fuel substitution alone does not fully offset projected activity-driven emissions growth through 2030. Overall, efficiency improvements have reduced Canadian aviation carbon intensity but remain insufficient to achieve sustained reductions in absolute emissions under continued traffic growth, highlighting the need to evaluate accelerated SAF deployment alongside additional mitigation measures. When the observed fuel-efficiency trend and the 5% SAF blend are evaluated jointly, however, projected 2030 emissions fall to approximately 19.8 Mt—below the 2025 level of about 20.1 Mt—so that the two levers together offset essentially the entire traffic-driven increment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 149589"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally treated oyster shells elevate biofilm viability and nutrient removal in sediment microbial fuel cells","authors":"Nurfarhana Nabila Mohd Noor,&nbsp;Seongsik Park,&nbsp;Hee-Eun Woo,&nbsp;Ilwon Jeong,&nbsp;Kyeongmin Kim,&nbsp;Seung Hyun Yoo,&nbsp;Jeong Gyu Kim,&nbsp;Jong-Oh Kim,&nbsp;Kyunghoi Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFC) effectively treat benthic pollutants and simultaneously generate bioelectricity. This study evaluates novel application of thermally treated oyster shell (COS) at 600°C to promote biofilm viability and benthic nutrient removal for 375 days. Sustaining microbial biomass adhesion and viability on anode surface is essential for long-term SMFC operation, which relies on sediment microbial metabolism. In CLSM imaging, green fluorescence in COS-10g and COS-20g reflect high biovolumes of viable microbial biomass, correlated with increased COS dosing. FESEM shows that COS-10g and COS-20g produce the thickest and most densely packed biofilms on anode surfaces. Maximum viable biofilm thickness is 40 μm, with biovolumes of 242,698 and 140,610 pixels and viabilities of 91.2% and 85.8% for COS-10g and COS-20g, linked to Ca²⁺ elution from COS. High biofilm viability improves mass electron transport by reducing charge transfer resistance to 193 Ω (COS-10g) and 84 Ω (COS-20g), coinciding with higher biofilm viability at higher COS dosing. SMFC enhances PO₄-P removal across all COS cases, reducing PO₄-P from 1.92 to 0.30 mg/L in COS-10g, while control cases remain up to 1.8 mg/L, highlighting the synergistic effect of SMFC and COS addition. COS addition with SMFC operation does not result in pH elevation that would deteriorate sediment microbial activity, maintaining sediment pH between 6.392 and 6.503 throughout operation. COS-10g shows the highest sediment ORP of −94.2 mV, reflecting notable biofilm viability for microbial oxidation in sediment. Valorizing thermally treated COS waste improves SMFC by boosting microbial biomass and nutrient removal for bioelectricity generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 149568"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}