Journal of Cleaner Production最新文献

{"title":"Piezoelectric-induced band tilting: A double-edged sword in the antibiotic degradation process","authors":"Hanbo Yu ,&nbsp;Ninglu Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Feng ,&nbsp;Hong Chen ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Yanxiao Wei ,&nbsp;Chenyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The piezoelectric catalysis is a promising alternative technology for photocatalytic water treatment. However, different energy excitations may draw forth disparate active species generation, which further affects the decomposition path and product toxicity of antibiotics. Here, we developed Zn_xCd_1-xS homojunction (ZCS) as versatile catalysts for decomposing tetracycline (TC) under piezoelectric and photocatalytic conditions, respectively. XRD, TEM, FTIR and XPS results verified the successful fabrication of materials. An oxidative enhancement effect in piezoelectric catalysis was corroborated for the first time. Electrochemistry and ESR characterizations confirmed that, due to the band tilting induced by ultrasound, the valence band of ZCS achieved the redox potential required for hole-driven hydroxyl radical formation, which hardly happened in ZCS-based photocatalysis. Mechanistic studies revealed that piezocatalytic TC degradation relied on the synergistic effect between hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen, while superoxide radical and holes severally dominated the photocatalytic process. Normalized degradation results demonstrated a superior mineralization capability of piezocatalysis. Photocatalysis directly decomposed TC molecules, whereas piezocatalysis tended to induce polymerization prior to fragmentation, leading to the distinct toxicities of degradation intermediates between piezocatalysis and photocatalysis. This study offers a new avenue for the regulation of reactive species and evoks a new thinking on the toxicity change of hydroxyl radical-induced pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146320"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic increase of bio-hydrogen production from sludge anaerobic fermentation by thermal hydrolysis coupled with calcium hypochlorite pretreatment","authors":"Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiawei Hu ,&nbsp;Cheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To solve the problem of low bio-hydrogen yield from anaerobic fermentation (AF) of sludge, a novel and efficient method by combining thermal hydrolysis (TH) with calcium hypochlorite (CH) for sludge pretreatment was proposed in this study. Experimental data demonstrated that TH + CH method synergistically promoted the bio-hydrogen production from sludge. The optimal condition of the combined pretreatment was TH at 70 °C plus 0.12 g/g volatile suspended solids (VSS) of CH, and relevant hydrogen yield was 22.52 mL/g VSS. Mechanism study exposed that TH + CH method effectively destructed extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and sludge cells, causing the promotion of hydrolysis rate and generation of abundant fermentation substrates. In the several biochemical processes of sludge AF, acidogenesis and acetogenesis that responsible for hydrogen generation were not or only slightly suppressed by TH + CH pretreatment, while homoacetogenesis, sulfate-reducing and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis that can consume hydrogen were severely inhibited under this condition, resulting in hydrogen accumulation. Microbiological analysis demonstrated that the functional bacteria (e.g. <em>Rhodobacter</em>, <em>Proteiniborus</em> and <em>Petrimonas</em>) related to hydrogen generation were all enriched under TH + CH condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146304"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCMs) in a nutshell: A systematic review based on the empirical evidence from across the globe","authors":"Ridhi Kochar,&nbsp;Anjala Kalsie,&nbsp;Nabajyoti Deka","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCMs) have attracted various stakeholders to participate in their value chain as they allow carbon credits to be traded. This study systematically reviews the academic literature pertinent to VCMs combined with an analysis of the selected studies on certain bases such as classification based on the climate zones &amp; regions, Global North- Global South perspective, and land use perspective. Further, it also explores the broad themes, the research timeline, and the empirical methods used in the extant literature. Additionally, the study digs into the gendered dimension in certain VCM projects. To fulfill these purposes, sixty-nine studies based on empirical evidence have been chosen from the vast literature. A critical appraisal of the key findings reveals an urgent requirement for a policy framework for VCMs irrespective of the climate zone the study belongs to. A focus on the financial and socio-economic aspects of carbon projects is noted and a substantial difference in the nature of studies conducted in Global North/Global South is observed. Effective land use regarding superior alternatives is cited in informing policymakers and project developers of financially, environmentally, and socially feasible uses. The gender stereotypes revolving around certain VCM-based projects need to be addressed. Drawing upon the critical findings of this study, possible future work in the domain of carbon pricing in VCM, investigating efficient land use to combat climate change, “Women and ESG”, and the unified role of compliance and voluntary markets in mitigating climate change is suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146261"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of polymeric membrane contactors for biogas upgrading: Experimental validation and AI-based performance prediction","authors":"Madupathi Madhu Mala ,&nbsp;Aarti Tallam ,&nbsp;Shiva Prasad Nandala ,&nbsp;Sumana Chenna ,&nbsp;Nettem V. Choudary ,&nbsp;Sundergopal Sridhar","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogas is a vital renewable energy source that requires the efficient separation of acid gases, such as CO₂ and H₂S, to enhance its energy value and prevent corrosion of equipment or pipelines. Gas–liquid membrane contactors (GLMCs) are emerging as the most promising option for upgrading biogas. This study aims to develop an efficient indigenous flat-sheet GLMC system for separating CO₂ from biogas using various hydrophobic porous membranes, including polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene, using aqueous absorbents such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monoethanolamine (MEA). The polymeric membranes were synthesized via the phase inversion technique and characterized for their structural and morphological properties, contact angle, surface roughness, crystallinity, and functional groups. The effects of the liquid absorbent's flow rate and concentration on CO₂ separation were also investigated. Results showed that the polystyrene membrane exhibited the highest CO₂ absorption flux of 10.71 × 10⁻² mol/m²·s when using 0.2 M NaOH as the absorbent, with constant gas and liquid flow rates of 0.4 L/min and 0.5 L/min, respectively. Furthermore, different AI models were developed using the experimental data to predict the mass transfer rate of CO₂ in the membrane contactor. A comparative assessment revealed that the extra trees regressor model was the most accurate model for predicting GLMC performance in biogas separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146322"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TMT attention and environmental strengths: Implications of discretionary and non-discretionary environmental events","authors":"Jaemin Kim ,&nbsp;Clay Dibrell ,&nbsp;Chelsea Sherlock","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing upon the attention-based view, this study explores how different types of environmental events capture the attention of top management team (TMT) and then influence the development of a firm's environmental strengths. We argue that discretionary and non-discretionary environmental events differentially shape TMT attention, which is essential to improving a firm's environmental behavior. Utilizing a content analysis of shareholder letters from 70 firms listed on the NYSE composite that operate in highly polluting industries over 10 years and applying the generalized method of moments (GMM) to address endogeneity and autocorrelation, this study reveals attention to non-discretionary environmental events is marginally associated with environmental strengths when there is a sufficient time interval between the attention and environmental strength. Meanwhile, when the interval is shorter, corporate governance mechanisms significantly moderate the relationship. These findings indicate that organizations need to consider the type of environmental events when directing TMT attention as part of attentional control and strategically integrate corporate governance mechanisms to support the development of environmental strengths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146163"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the driving factors of soil nitrate nitrogen via MLs-GIS framework in an intensive plain agricultural area, China","authors":"Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Jianwei Liu ,&nbsp;Shuo Qiao ,&nbsp;Shilong Zhao ,&nbsp;Donghao Li ,&nbsp;Yong Wu ,&nbsp;Ling Li ,&nbsp;Ping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive accumulation of nitrate nitrogen (SNN) in soil is a global ecological issue, with adverse effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, a total of 251 soil samples were collected from a typical agricultural planting area on the North China Plain, China. On the basis of the analysis of multisource data (N fertilizer input, physicochemical properties of soil, distance factors, remote sensing factors, etc.), a framework combining machine learning models with spatial analysis technology in GIS (MLs-GIS) was built to clarify the fit of the spatial distribution and identify key factors influencing SNN. The results revealed that the content of SNN at different sites varied significantly (from 0.02 to 58.85 mg/kg). According to the performance of the ML models, namely, the random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) methods, soil pH and chemical N fertilizer input were the main factors influencing SNN. The RF model exhibited the best performance, with the highest prediction accuracy (R² value of 0.64), and warrants increased attention in the management of agricultural nitrogen pollution. In summary, the MLs-GIS framework is efficient at identifying the key influencing factors and the spatial distribution of SNN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146302"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a non-deterministic fractional low-carbon transition programming method associated with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) assessment--application to Shanxi Province, China","authors":"Y.L. Zheng, G.H. Huang, Y.P. Li, D.C. Han, B. Luo, R.J. Hao, W.C. Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146216","url":null,"abstract":"Low-carbon transition could exert far-reaching effects on achievement of regional Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Herein, a non-deterministic fractional low-carbon transition programming method (FLCT) associated with an optimization-driven SDGs assessment approach (OSDG) was developed, and applied to Shanxi Province, China. We found that regions heavily dependent on fossil energy could achieve its SDGs progress when promoting low-carbon transition, and identified the suitable transition pathway. Our results demonstrated whether SDGs performance could be advanced will be determined by substitute of renewable-dominated power structure for fossil-dominated one. In Shanxi Province, renewable power is expected to account for 60 % of total power generation as the largest energy source during 2026–2040. Specifically, wind power would contribute approximately 50 %. Our research is expected to help provide improved insights into low-carbon transition pathways in Energy-Water-Carbon (EWC) nexus system and contribute to bridging the gaps between low-carbon transition and UN's SDGs.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing water footprint of indirect evaporative air-cooling systems through integration of passive and active water recovery techniques","authors":"Sabir Rasheed ,&nbsp;Muzaffar Ali ,&nbsp;Hassan Ali ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;M. Usman ,&nbsp;Guiqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the future, a large number of individuals are expected to take advantage of metropolitan life. The requirement for thermal comfort in highly urbanized areas, particularly in countries that are emerging, is projected to increase significantly. To fulfill the thermal comfort demands, the Maisotsenko cycle-based indirect evaporative air-cooling system is the prominent choice due to the improved performance of the system compared to conventional air-cooling techniques. However, fresh water is used as a cooling media in an indirect evaporative air-cooling system, presenting a major challenge to the implementation of this cooling technique in water-deficient regions. The current study investigates the performance of the indirect evaporative air-cooling system in terms of water recovery from exhausted working air or reducing the water footprints by using the two different configurations such as passive and active water reclamation techniques, utilizing the highly-effective hydrophobic sheets and dehumidifier (Peltier module). The results indicate that the dew-point and wet-bulb effectiveness of the indirect evaporative air-cooling system are 0.80 and 1.06, respectively. Moreover, the integrated indirect evaporative air-cooling system with water recovery techniques, reduces water consumption with the average recovery achieved 208.1 kg/year to 421.5 kg/year under the actual climate conditions. In addition, the amount of water recovered results in ultimate values of the energy efficiency ratio and specific reduction in water footprints, which range from 31.57 to 73.02 and 2.84–6.14 kg/h.ton, respectively. Furthermore, a cost-benefit analysis revealed that the levelized costs of energy for the passive and active water recovery systems are 7.4 × 10⁻⁵ and 3.8 × 10⁻⁵ USD/kWh, respectively. These values are significantly lower than the levelized cost of energy of the indirect evaporative air-cooling system without water recovery, which ranges from 2.4 × 10⁻² to 5.8 × 10⁻² USD/kWh, indicating a substantial improvement in energy efficiency. Besides, the operating CO₂ emissions of passive and active water reclamation techniques are 162.35 kg CO₂e/year, and 184.86 kg CO₂e/year, respectively. The findings demonstrate that the proposed techniques are viable, highlighting their significant potential in terms of reducing the water footprint of the system. Therefore, the developed strategies can be implemented in real-world applications for promoting the long-term sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146306"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy but also traceable: consumer choices for traits of food waste-reducing innovations","authors":"Tewodros Tadesse ,&nbsp;Saray Ramírez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Djamel Rahmani ,&nbsp;Tafesse W. Gezahegn ,&nbsp;Hedwige Verherbrugghen ,&nbsp;An Vermeulen ,&nbsp;Nikiforos Skourletis ,&nbsp;Jose M. Gil Roig","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In developed nations, consumers at household level waste significant amount of food. This food wastage stems from inability to maintain food shelf-life, which is attributed to differences in awareness and preferences, and use of packaging and storage technologies. While there are packaging technologies that enhance food preservation, consumers have health-related concerns with many of them. In this study, we examine consumer choices and willingness to pay (WTP) for food status traits such as natural preservation, freshness and traceability that are derived from microbiomes, active packaging, and smart printed QR code innovations. These innovations enhance natural preservation, freshness, and traceability, respectively and thereby reduce food waste. We used these indicators as attributes to implement choice experiments on four case-specific products across three European Union (EU) countries involving a large number of consumers selected randomly. Driven by the utility attributed to the packaging technologies' ability to ensure natural preservation and maintain freshness of food, we find consumers’ strong preferences for the innovations. Especially, consumers place higher value on active packaging and temperature indicators that monitor food freshness, especially for sea bass and pork meat. Also, consumers place high values on traceability and natural preservation of all case food items, highlighting the importance of smart printed QR codes and microbiomes. Marginal WTP estimates suggest divergent preferences for the innovations. These heterogeneities stem from group-wise differences and individual heterogeneity in consumer characteristics where more educated and higher income consumer groups were estimated to be more likely to prefer and pay for the innovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"521 ","pages":"Article 146299"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing loops of industrial agro-residues based on a biorefinery approach: extraction of bioactive compounds and bioenergy","authors":"Patrícia V. Almeida,&nbsp;Eva Domingues,&nbsp;Licínio M. Gando-Ferreira,&nbsp;Margarida J. Quina","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An increasing effort has been made to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), including environmentally sound waste management. Potato and tomato processing industries are responsible for massive waste streams: potato peel (PP) and tomato pomace (TP). This study aims to assess the viability of integrating valorization processes for managing the residues while creating value using the biorefinery approach. The assessment involves the recovery of bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phenolics, and antioxidants) through solid-liquid extraction, followed by biogas production through anaerobic digestion. The operating costs of multiple scenarios, including stand-alone processes and biorefineries, were also calculated to select the most economical route. The diluted ethanolic extraction of pre-treated (dried and milled) PP and TP presented higher total phenolic compounds expressed as gallic acid equivalents -GAE (2.66 mg_GAE/g_sample and 3.29 mg_GAE/g_sample, respectively) than raw PP and TP (1.12 mg_GAE/g_sample and 2.35 mg_GAE/g_sample, respectively). However, higher carotenoid content was obtained from untreated TP (about 1.31 mg_eq-β/g_sample). The methane yield of extracted PP and TP increased by about 100 % and 150 % compared to raw PP and TP, respectively. Thus, the ethanolic extraction of residues significantly improves the anaerobic digestion performance. The operating cost analysis showed that anaerobic digestion was the most economical route, with an operating ratio of 0.6. However, the biorefinery approach remains attractive for residues like TP, which yield high-value extracts, presenting an operating ratio of 0.43. Overall, the biorefinery may be a valuable strategy to create value from residues while managing and contributing to meet SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"521 ","pages":"Article 146308"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}