Journal of Cleaner Production最新文献

{"title":"Interfacial electron-rich centers in MoOx/fine slag derived from mining waste enable durable Li-O2 batteries with enhanced kinetics","authors":"Yunbo Wang, Shuxuan Ma, Meng Li, Hengfeng Liu, Binbin Huo, Kai Zeng, Zhihui Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148144","url":null,"abstract":"Escalating coal gasification slag generation from the expanding coal chemical industry has intensified environmental and waste-management concerns. Converting coal gasification fine slag into functional energy materials offers a promising pathway for sustainable resource recovery from mining-related solid residues. Here, a heterostructured MoO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>/fine slag electrocatalyst is prepared through a scalable pre-activation and hydrothermal growth route. Unlike most waste-derived or biomass-carbon cathodes that mainly serve as conductive hosts, this work leverages the slag-derived mineral–carbon matrix to construct a MoO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>–slag heterointerface that drives charge redistribution and creates electronically activated interfacial sites referred to as interfacial electron-rich centers. These sites, associated with reduced Mo species, oxygen-vacancy-related defects, and oxygen-containing surface groups, accelerate oxygen redox kinetics and promote more reversible Li<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> formation and decomposition. Under capacity-limited galvanostatic cycling, lithium–oxygen batteries using the MoO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>/fine slag cathode deliver a low voltage polarization of 0.66 V at 500 mA g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> and maintain stable operation for 246 cycles at a fixed capacity of 1000 mAh g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. Compared with pristine MoO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, the polarization is reduced from 1.04 V to 0.66 V and the cycling duration is extended from about 200 h to over 1200 h, demonstrating markedly improved reversibility and durability. Ex situ characterization combined with density functional theory analysis indicates that the heterointerface modulates intermediate adsorption and steers Li<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> reaction pathways. This study provides a waste-to-value strategy and mechanistic guidance for designing durable heterostructured cathode catalysts for advanced metal–air batteries.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147587472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of critical minerals on the diffusion of light-duty battery electric vehicles under endogenous price–demand feedbacks","authors":"Atsuo Komatsubara, Hiromichi Goko, Tomoki Nishi","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147598672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of social influence in shaping consumer preferences for plant-based meat","authors":"Rao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148154","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in global meat consumption has increased the attention devoted to efforts to mitigate the environmental, health, and animal welfare consequences of the livestock industry. With advances in technology, plant-based meat is considered a promising solution with which to reduce the negative impacts of farm-raised meat production. However, consumers often exhibit negative attitudes toward plant-based meat. Social influence plays a key role in shaping consumer behavior, as individuals frequently adapt their actions based on the behavior of others. In this study, we explore whether various forms of social influence, namely word-of-mouth, electronic word-of-mouth, social norms, and neighborhood effects, affect consumer preferences regarding plant-based meat. Based on a labeled hypothetical discrete choice experiment with 1500 Chinese respondents, our results reveal that word-of-mouth and neighborhood effects significantly increase consumer preference for plant-based meat. In contrast, electronic word-of-mouth and social norms show no significant impact. A latent class model identified two consumer clusters: an <ce:italic>adopter</ce:italic> segment (81%), which is characterized by higher education, incomes, and neighborhood influence and exhibits positive preferences for both farm-raised and plant-based meat, and a smaller <ce:italic>reluctant</ce:italic> segment (19%), which shows no strong preferences for plant-based meat and is more likely to be married and price sensitive. These findings suggest that targeted, neighborhood-anchored interventions and word-of-mouth campaigns can help accelerate the diffusion of plant-based meat.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147587476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupled greening and vegetation resilience in the arid Tarim River mainstream and its driving mechanisms","authors":"Zijie Kong, Hongbo Ling, Mingjiang Deng, Aihua Long, Yun Zhang, Yanlei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148123","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation resilience reflects the capacity of ecosystems to withstand and recover from disturbances. However, current research on greenness trends has predominantly focused on changes in vegetation cover or biomass, with limited attention to resilience dynamics and their underlying drivers. Using the arid Tarim River mainstream as a case study, this study quantified vegetation resilience based on the first-order autoregressive coefficient (AR(1)) derived from kNDVI time series during 2000–2020, and identified the environmental drivers of greening and resilience change using random forest models. Results show that the region exhibited significant <ce:italic>(p &lt; 0.05)</ce:italic> overall greening, yet 51.1% of the area showed a significant <ce:italic>(p &lt; 0.05)</ce:italic> decline in resilience, and 45.2% of greening areas simultaneously experienced resilience loss, most prominently in the upper and middle reaches. Attribution analysis indicated that greening was dominated by increased surface soil moisture, whereas resilience loss was primarily driven by deep groundwater depletion, with thresholds favorable for greening and resilience maintenance identified as soil moisture trend &gt;0.0005 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−3</ce:sup> yr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> and groundwater storage anomaly trend &gt; −7.3151 mm yr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, respectively. Ecological water conveyance improved resilience within the core zones of the lower reaches, but the benefits were spatially constrained, motivating a shift from linear conveyance to spatially distributed delivery with resilience-based zoning and rotational scheduling. Overall, greening does not necessarily imply enhanced resilience, underscoring the value of integrating resilience metrics into future arid ecosystem management.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147587164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of binary binder blends for aqueous-based slurries of SiOx/C for next-generation lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Lorenzo Tamboia, Giorgio Montinaro, Elisa Ravesio, Julia Amici, Carlotta Francia, Silvia Bodoardo, Federico Bella, Daniele Versaci","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148153","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for sustainable energy solutions has highlighted the crucial role of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the global energy transition. However, the conventional use of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binders combined with toxic solvents like N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), in the LIBs manufacturing process, poses environmental and cost concerns. In this study, three different water-soluble polysaccharides, sodium alginate, tragacanth gum, and carrageenan, are investigated as suitable binders for silicon/graphite composite anodes. The three single polysaccharide binders are initially screened through rheological and electrochemical analyses to ensure compatibility with slurry processing, electrode and cell manufacturing. From the pre-screening, sodium alginate emerges as the most promising candidate, demonstrating favourable rheological properties and electrochemical stability. To further improve electrode mechanical properties and long-term electrochemical performances, sodium alginate is mixed with lithiated polyacrylic acid in binary mixtures with a total binder content of 3 wt%. The optimal formulation, 2<ce:inf loc=\"post\">LiPAA</ce:inf>:1<ce:inf loc=\"post\">ALG</ce:inf>, exhibits enhanced cycling stability and higher specific capacity retention compared to single-binder systems. Statistical analysis confirms the significant influence of binder mixture composition, highlighting the complementary mechanical and electrochemical roles of ALG and LiPAA. In comparison with previously reported crosslinked or grafted binder systems that require chemical modification, this approach uses a simple physical mixing strategy, improving the electrochemical behaviour, preserving processability. Overall, the results demonstrate that rationally designed combinations of natural and synthetic water-soluble binders offer a viable strategy to balance mechanical integrity, sustainability, and electrochemical performance, providing valuable insights for the development of next-generation LIB anodes.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147587477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From imbalance to regulation: Simulating the dynamics and future scenarios of ecosystem service supply-demand in Wuhan using a PLUS-ARIMA-LSTM model","authors":"Yiwu Wen, Xiaokang Li, Lin Lei, Zhuofan Ye, Junwen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148124","url":null,"abstract":"The intensifying pace of urbanization has rendered the imbalance between ecosystem service supply and demand (ESSD) a pivotal bottleneck for sustainable urban development. Using Wuhan, a rapidly growing megacity in central China, as a case study, this research addresses the pressing challenges of ecological space compression and rising ES demand. An integrated modeling framework was developed by coupling the PLUS land-use change model with a hybrid ARIMA-LSTM predictor. Model validation through 3-fold time series cross validation and dynamic multi-step rolling window validation confirmed its robustness and reliability for long-term projections. This validated framework was applied to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of ESSD in Wuhan from 2011 to 2023 and to project its future trajectories for 2035 under three contrasting scenarios: Natural Development (NDS), Economic Priority (EPS), and Ecological Conservation (ECS). The results reveal a consistent decline of 11.26% in total ecosystem service value during 2011-2023, driven primarily by the conversion of water bodies and cropland into built-up areas. Spatially, a persistent core-periphery mismatch was identified, with urban cores trapped in a “low supply-high demand” deficit and suburban zones functioning as “high supply-low demand” surplus areas. Scenario projections to 2035 indicate divergent pathways. The EPS would intensify this imbalance, triggering the highest demand growth (+27.21%) and the greatest ecological loss. In contrast, the ECS effectively moderates demand escalation (+12.87%) and best preserves ES supply, highlighting the significant leverage of land-use regulation. This study demonstrates that while urban expansion structurally drives ESSD imbalances, strategic policy interventions can meaningfully reshape their trajectory. The proposed integrated modeling framework offers a replicable tool for simulating ESSD dynamics and assessing policy efficacy. The findings provide a critical scientific foundation for guiding spatial planning and instituting cross-regional ecological compensation mechanisms, with direct implications for sustainable governance in rapidly urbanizing regions.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147587165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable hydrogen production from biogas under operational variability: Feed forecasting with a rolling horizon scheduling strategy","authors":"Abdulrahman H. Ba-Alawi, Hegwon Chung, Jonghwan Oh, Jiyong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148139","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen production from biogas is strongly affected by upstream feedstock variability and market fluctuations, creating challenges for efficient and sustainable production planning. This study proposes a digital scheduling framework for hydrogen production via combined steam and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> reforming (CSCR), integrating feed forecasting, surrogate modeling, and rolling horizon optimization to enable adaptive operation and support future operational planning under variable conditions. First, detailed process simulations of the integrated CSCR system were conducted to generate technical, economic, and environmental performance data over a wide range of operating conditions. A deep neural network–based surrogate model was then developed to represent the nonlinear behavior of the process with low computational cost. Forecasts of feed biogas CH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> concentration were generated using a gated recurrent unit (GRU) model over a seven-day horizon. Rolling horizon (RH) optimization was employed in a multi-step scheduling scheme to determine optimal daily operating parameters within predefined bounds, aiming to meet hydrogen demand while adapting to predicted feed variability and market fluctuations. The results showed that the GRU model provided accurate forecasts (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> = 0.9411), enabling advanced estimation of feed biogas composition. Informed by these forecasts, the RH approach allowed flexible adjustment of the CSCR operating parameters, leading to increased hydrogen production, reductions in net CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-equivalent emissions of up to 1470 kgCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>/day, and improvements in cumulative profit of up to 47% compared with fixed scheduling over the seven-day horizon. Overall, the proposed scheduling approach effectively coordinates production with feedstock and operational fluctuations, enhancing adaptability and supporting sustainable hydrogen production planning.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147587162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital transformation and sustainable industrialization: the role of dynamic digital capabilities and continuous auditing as digital governance","authors":"Hind Al-Ahmed, Khaled Alshaketheep, Omar Zraqat, Ahmad Shajrawi","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148156","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the role of digital transformation in promoting sustainable industrialization in resource-limited manufacturing and the functioning of continuous auditing within this framework. Drawing on dynamic capabilities and digital governance, we develop a model of three digital dynamic capabilities (sensing, capturing, and transforming) that drive digital transformation. We also look at how these capabilities, along with continuous auditing, affect sustainable industrialization in Jordanian industrial companies. We use PLS-SEM to analyze survey data from 580 managers across 69 companies. The findings indicate that digital sensing (β = 0.46) and digital transformation capability (β = 0.36) have the most potent effects on digital transformation (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> = 0.66). In contrast, digital capture (β = 0.09) has a more negligible yet notable effect. Digital transformation significantly enhances sustainable industrialization (β = 0.71, R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> = 0.78), with continuous auditing exerting a notable direct effect (β = 0.58). In contrast, the interaction between digital transformation and continuous auditing is not statistically significant (β = −0.27, p &gt; 0.30), suggesting that, in this context, continuous auditing primarily serves as an independent governance layer rather than a moderating factor. The research situates the outcomes of sustainable industrialization within an information-governance framework. It helps managers and policymakers determine how to integrate digital investments, continuous auditing, and industrial sustainability under resource and regulatory constraints.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147587474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced decoupling of multiple elements in coastal reclaimed soils following intensive agricultural use in eastern China","authors":"Shengzhi Liu, Xiaobo Bian, Yifeng Zhu, Danyang Wang, Aijing Yin, Pengbao Wu, Xiaohui Yang, Zhaofu Li, Qiang Shu, Huan Zhang, Chao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148093","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the biogeochemical coupling of multiple soil elements is essential to evaluating soil health and ecosystem stability. However, the effects of long-term coastal wetland reclamation on soil elemental enrichment and geochemical interactions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the evolution of multi-element behavior in soils across a chronosequence (0, 10, 30, 65, and 90 years) of coastal reclamation. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of 31 elements (including As, Al, B, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni,C, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, Zn) in the soils, focusing on exploring the evolution of element enrichment, dispersion, correlation, and multi-element coupling (MEC) along the reclamation gradient during an increase in reclamation duration. The results revealed that several elements were significantly enriched after reclamation, whereas others remained below background levels. Fertilization, irrigation, and intensive cultivation significantly alter the soil geochemical processes and elemental interactions. With the extension of the reclamation duration, the concentrations of organic carbon (SOC), N, P, Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, F, and Cl increased, whereas those of S, Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Sr, Br, As, and Mo decreased, highlighting the regulatory role of agricultural activities in shaping elemental distribution. Temporal declines in the number of positive correlations, mean correlation coefficients, and MEC values suggest progressive weakening of element coupling under human influence. Major elements maintained higher correlation strengths and coupling degrees than minor elements, indicating greater resistance to anthropogenic disturbances. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) revealed that while MEC is primarily regulated by stable natural factors such as soil texture, human activities also serve as key drivers of elemental decoupling because of their continuous and cumulative impacts on soil element interactions. This study provides novel insights into the long-term alteration of geochemical interactions in reclaimed soils and emphasizes the need for sustainable management strategies to preserve soil multifunctionality in coastal reclamation regions.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147587166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal scheduling of mixed conventional and modular autonomous bus fleets for sustainable urban transit","authors":"Xueping Dou, Ran Dong, Yuqi Lin, Tongfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148164","url":null,"abstract":"Modular autonomous vehicles (MAVs) are considered a promising solution to mitigating the mismatch between travel demand and service capacity in public transit systems. However, integrating them into existing fleets of conventional human-driven buses (CHBs) introduces a complex scheduling problem that remains unsolved under real-world operational constraints. This study develops a novel optimization framework for mixed fleets comprising CHBs and MAVs on a single route, jointly optimizing bus departure times, vehicle type assignments, and MAV configurations to minimize total cost. The mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model explicitly incorporates vehicle resource limitations, redeployment requirements, and MAV penetration thresholds that reflect regulatory and societal acceptance. Through exact linearization, the MINLP is transformed into a tractable mixed-integer linear programming formulation and solved to global optimality. Numerical results show that the optimal mixed-fleet schedule significantly outperforms CHB-only operations, achieving a total cost reduction of 57.7%. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses quantify the effects of critical factors on optimal results. The findings reveal that: (i) marginal returns to additional modules diminish beyond an optimal threshold, enabling precise inventory planning; (ii) optimal fleet composition depends critically on demand, with MAVs most cost-effective at moderate levels and CHBs preferable under high demand; and (iii) even under a conservative 10% MAV penetration threshold, the mixed fleet outperforms CHB-only operations. These insights confirm the efficacy of the proposed model as a strategic tool for transit agencies in making informed decisions on fleet composition and service design across diverse operational contexts.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147587473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}