Journal of Cleaner Production最新文献

{"title":"Electrodialysis as a route for separating metals from NCA-type automotive lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Anastássia Mariáh Nunes de Oliveira Lima ,&nbsp;Vilson Conrado da Luz ,&nbsp;Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa ,&nbsp;Luciana Assis Gobo ,&nbsp;Elio Augusto Kumoto ,&nbsp;Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior ,&nbsp;Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial chain for producing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) requires various metal resources. The production of new batteries represents 50–80 % of the total cost of the production chain. The separation and recovery of these different metals is a challenge due to the separation's efficiency and the product's purity. In metal separation, the electrodialysis technique has the advantage of high ion separation efficiency, especially Li. We show electrodialysis as a separation route for metals present in NCA-type LIB. We used three separation steps, which first involved the separation of Li (purity 98.7 %), followed by the separation of Ni (purity 98.5 %) and as a final step, the separation of Co (purity 94.7 %) and Al (purity 100 %). The route developed showed that for a real leachate liquor, the separation and purification of Li achieved a purity of 92.4 %. The results indicate that electrodialysis separation can be an alternative technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146574"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleaner and efficient vanadium extraction from vanadium slag: optimal adaptation mechanism between calcification roasting and reductive leaching processes","authors":"Changqing Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu An ,&nbsp;Tao Jiang ,&nbsp;Jing Wen ,&nbsp;Guowang Hao ,&nbsp;Guangdong Yang ,&nbsp;Tangxia Yu ,&nbsp;Lan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient recovery of critical metal vanadium from vanadium slag, while reducing the use of limestone and lowering the roasting temperature is a pivotal challenge. Here, we report the effect of calcification roasting conditions of vanadium slag on the leaching behaviour of vanadium in a novel H₂SO₄ - (NH₄)₂SO₃·H₂O reductive leaching system. Furthermore, we elucidate for the first time the dissolution behaviour of various phase-pure vanadate compounds formed during roasting, thereby uncovering the adaptation mechanism between calcification roasting and reductive leaching process. The results show that the optimum roasting process adaptation for the reductive leaching system was n(CaCO₃/V₂O₃) = 1, with a roasting temperature of 850 °C for 120 min and a heating rate of 5 °C/min, the vanadium leaching efficiency reached 97.43 %. Compared to the conventional calcification roasting - H₂SO₄ leaching process, vanadium leaching efficiency increased by 8.64 %, whilst CaCO₃ consumption was reduced by 50 %. Even with a 50 °C reduction in roasting temperature, vanadium leaching efficiency remained at 93.75 %. By fully utilizing the inherent Mn and Mg in vanadium slag for vanadate conversion, increased the contribution of Mn and Mg to vanadium extraction by 9.24 % and 2.28 %, respectively, thereby reliance on limestone is greatly reduced, meanwhile the reduction leaching system is perfectly adapted to the vanadate phase transformation. Synergistic action of H₂SO₄ and (NH₄)₂SO₃·H₂O promotes vanadate decomposition and inhibits vanadium hydrolysis, achieving the 100 % dissolution of Ca₂V₂O₇, Mn₂V₂O₇, and Mg₂V₂O₇. This new low calcium roasting - reduction leaching process reduces roasting additive costs and CO₂ emissions by 50 %, and decreases the tailings gypsum production by 50 %, this offer a new path for cleaner utilization of vanadium slag.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146598"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the synchronous enhancement in CO2 sequestration by steel slag using steam in flue gas: performance and mechanism","authors":"Shuang Wang ,&nbsp;Yi-fei Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Zhao ,&nbsp;Hong-ming Long ,&nbsp;Ru-fei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of a large amount of discarded steel slag to capture and sequester CO₂ in industrial flue gases, with the process being enhanced by the accompanying steam in the emissions, is very promising. To provide fundamental data for the formation of more practical industrial guidelines in the future, this paper systematically investigates the effects of steam on the CO₂ sequestration performance of steel slag and its underlying mechanisms through a combination of experimental analysis and theoretical calculations. The experimental results demonstrate that the CO₂ sequestration capacities initially rise and then decrease as the steam content increases, reaching an optimal CO₂ uptake of 26 g/kg and a carbonation conversion of 7.03 % with 28.6 vol% of steam at 700 °C with 1 h duration time. This is an encouraging increase from the 17.72 g/kg CO₂ uptake and 4.79 % carbonation conversion seen without steam. The macroscopic mechanism of steam-enhanced CO₂ sequestration, as revealed by the characterization of carbonated slag, suggests that the high energy barriers for the migration of calcium and oxygen ions in the gas-solid reaction make the nucleation of CaCO₃ quite difficult. However, ion migration becomes easier in the presence of steam, thus promoting the nucleation and growth of CaCO₃. Theoretical calculations have analyzed the microscopic mechanism, suggesting that water molecules decompose and adsorb on the surface of the slag particles at suitable temperatures. The resulting proton defects use calcium vacancy as channels to achieve high mobility within the solid, thus enhancing the internal electronic activity of the solid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146631"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision-driven uncertainty management in multi-energy virtual power plant: A robust multi-market scheduling framework","authors":"Bo She,&nbsp;Jiang-Wen Xiao,&nbsp;Yan-Wu Wang,&nbsp;Shi-Yuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the multi-market robust scheduling for a multi-energy virtual power plant (MEVPP) under decision-driven demand response uncertainty. A multi-market robust scheduling framework is proposed to jointly optimize the operation of MEVPP across electricity, reserve, gas, and carbon markets. To address uncertainties arising from wind power fluctuations and various load variations, a two-stage robust optimization model is developed to effectively manage both decision-independent uncertainties (DIUs) and decision-dependent uncertainties (DDUs). Specifically, the flexible load fluctuations induced by electricity market price decisions are modeled as DDUs. The presence of DDUs dynamically alters the boundaries of the uncertainty set, making traditional robust optimization algorithms challenging to converge within a finite number of iterations and even causing oscillations. To efficiently solve this issue, a parametric column-and-constraint generation (C&amp;CG) procedure is designed for the two-stage robust optimization model. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model not only effectively mitigates the impacts of DIUs and DDUs, but also reduces carbon emissions by 36.6% and cuts costs by 2.82%, meeting the requirements of low-carbon economic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146688"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the economic viability and sustainability of biomass-to-methanol process: Simulation-based optimization framework for process design and operation","authors":"Chanmok Kim ,&nbsp;Chanhee You ,&nbsp;Jiyong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a simulation-based optimization framework was developed that systematically addresses process design, operating conditions, and external factors for biomass-to-methanol (BTM) processes. By developing the technology superstructure representing all possible conversion pathways for the BTM process, detailed process simulations of major unit processes were performed to obtain mass and energy data and cost information. Based on these simulation results, a mixed-integer linear programming optimization model was formulated to identify optimal process designs and operating conditions under two distinct objectives: biomass-to-MeOH aimed at maximum profit (BTMP) and biomass-to-MeOH aimed at maximum CO₂ reduction (BTMC). The BTMP process achieved a unit production cost (UPC) of 0.47 $/kg, net CO₂ equivalent emissions (NCE) of 0.96 kgCO_2eq/kg, carbon efficiency of 55 %, and energy efficiency of 49 %. The BTMC process resulted in superior environmental performance with NCE of 0.59 kgCO_2eq/kg, carbon efficiency of 86 %, and energy efficiency of 59 %, but higher costs (UPC: 0.58 $/kg). Scenario-based analysis of key external factors—including biomass type, H₂ price, carbon intensity of supplementary H₂, and carbon tax —revealed four distinct optimal solutions for BTMP and three for BTMC processes under varying market conditions. This framework provides quantitative guidance for implementing economically viable and environmentally sustainable BTM processes across diverse regional contexts and market conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146694"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining pro-environmental behaviour in the sharing economy: A service provider perspective","authors":"Anna Farmaki ,&nbsp;Dimitrios P. Stergiou ,&nbsp;Fani Efthymiadou","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sharing economy platforms have been criticised for their adverse effects on the environment, with scholars questioning their role in sustainability. Although studies on the sharing economy-sustainability nexus are increasing, research on service providers' pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) remains scarce. The study draws from the Airbnb platform and examines hosts' perceptions and practices of PEB and the factors shaping their engagement. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 Greek hosts and analysed thematically, revealing four themes: perceptions, practices, drivers, and influencers of PEB. Findings show that PEB engagement varies in complexity, shaped by the interplay of these factors and resulting in differing levels of engagement. The study offers a typology of four categories of service providers based on their engagement in PEB. Overall, the study contributes to understanding the diversity and complexity of service providers’ PEB in the sharing economy. Theoretically, the typology advances understanding of how environmentally relevant practices are shaped in sharing economy contexts and provides a basis for future research. Practically, the findings underscore the need for tailored strategies by platforms and policymakers to strengthen provider engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146673"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening ecosystem services through industrial upgrading in city components: Insights from restaurants in China","authors":"Tianyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Hou ,&nbsp;Yandong Tan ,&nbsp;Wanhong Sun ,&nbsp;Guofu Yang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Du ,&nbsp;Ying Ge ,&nbsp;Yong Min","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the Industrial Revolution, industrialization has improved city production efficiency and reduced costs, promoting sustainable urban development. Despite rapid progress in city industrialization research, quantitative analysis of its evolution process remains challenging. Using restaurants as a case study, this study uses culturomics, a quantitative method for exploring social evolution through digital text data, to quantify the industrialization evolution of city components from 1981 to 2020 in China and explore the changes in the ecosystem services they provide. Using cluster analysis, we divided restaurants into three types: modern quick-service restaurants (MQSRs), traditional quick-service restaurants (TQSRs), and full-service restaurants (FSRs). The results indicate that Chinese restaurants have rapidly evolved towards industrialization since 1981, with an increase of 33.7 % in the component industrial level (<em>CIL</em>), which is the average industrial levels of the three restaurant types. Among all the restaurants, the proportion of MQSRs has increased to 28 %, surpassing TQSRs. Moreover, MQSRs provide more ecosystem services, 1.7-times greater than TQSRs. As the <em>CIL</em> has improved, the ecosystem services provided by restaurants have increased by 27 %. The increasing variety of MQSRs, people's active choices, and socioeconomic factors have further promoted industrialization. However, this progress has also introduced negative services. We must pay attention to these developments and implement adaptive management strategies to address emerging challenges. Combining ecological and cultural evolution research, this study provides a novel perspective on city evolution, thereby contributing to enhance city vitality and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146678"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy management and stochastic operations planning for electrified container terminals with uncertain energy supply and demand","authors":"Jasper Stoter ,&nbsp;Xinyu Tang ,&nbsp;Milos Cvetkovic ,&nbsp;Peter Palensky ,&nbsp;Henk Polinder ,&nbsp;Çağatay Iris ,&nbsp;Frederik Schulte","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising energy expenses, the shift towards renewable sources, and grid congestion considerably affect the operations of container terminals. To tackle these challenges, it is necessary to implement energy-aware integrated operational planning which considers related uncertainties. This work proposes a two-stage stochastic mixed integer programming model to optimize container terminal operations planning and demand-responsive energy management. To this end, energy consumption is shifted whenever operationally possible and economically beneficial. We solve the proposed model by developing a dedicated progressive hedging algorithm. Operations considered in this model include vessel scheduling at berths, temperature control of refrigerated containers, and allocation of handling capacity of quay cranes, yard cranes, and automated guided vehicles to serve each vessel. Various scenarios for vessel arrival times and electricity prices are explored representing the uncertainty of energy demand and supply, respectively, based on a case study of the Altenwerder container terminal in Hamburg. Our results suggest potential cost savings of 5.9 per cent on average with a single energy price based on a long-term contract and 13.2 per cent when applying varying real-time electricity prices based on wholesale market rates. These findings underscore the substantial potential of demand response strategies for (electrified) container terminal operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146383"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining residual iron dust and biomass fly ash as in-situ waste-based catalysts to promote tar reduction and enhance producer gas quality from biomass steam gasification","authors":"Helena G.M.F. Gomes ,&nbsp;Daniela V. Lopes ,&nbsp;João P. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Jéssica M. Moura ,&nbsp;Nuno M.C. Cruz ,&nbsp;Aleksey Yaremchenko ,&nbsp;Maria I. Nunes ,&nbsp;Manuel A.A. Matos ,&nbsp;Luís A.C. Tarelho","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work explored the potential of industrial biomass fly ash (BFA) and residual iron dust (RID) as novel <em>in-situ</em> catalysts for steam gasification of residual forest biomass. Three catalysts were developed using these materials. First, G_BFA was granulated with water and self-hardened to form a chemically and mechanically stable material, which was afterwards calcined. G_BFA + RID was prepared using the same method but incorporating both BFA and RID as raw materials. Finally, a fraction of the latter was reduced in a 10 %vol.H₂/N₂ atmosphere – G_{BFA + RID reduced}. The catalytic performance of these materials was assessed using toluene cracking and biomass steam gasification experiments. All catalysts exhibited potential for toluene cracking, particularly G_{BFA + RID reduced}, which increased gas yield by 45-fold and H₂ yield by 126-fold. All catalysts demonstrated catalytic activity when applied in bench-scale fluidised bed gasification experiments. G_{BFA + RID reduced} exhibited the highest activity, reaching a 93 % tar conversion and enhancing hydrogen production by 174 % compared to the reference condition (inert alumina granules), demonstrating the synergistic effects of Fe⁰ and CaO. This catalyst improved producer gas quality, leading to H₂ concentration over 55 %vol._{dry, and inert (N2, Ar) free gas}. Another key strength of this work is the <em>in-situ</em> application of catalysts directly inside the gasifier, which leverages the thermal inertia of the reactor, offering a more energy-efficient and simplified process design. Additionally, the catalysts were produced at costs between 3.4 and 13.5 €·kg⁻¹_catalyst, substantially lower than conventional catalysts, further supporting their potential as cost-effective and sustainable alternatives. Overall, this study demonstrated that waste-derived materials can repurpose industrial residues while enhancing clean energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146657"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citric acid as a green rejuvenator: mechanistic insights into the complete recovery of floatability for oxidized arsenopyrite","authors":"Jincheng Ran ,&nbsp;Xinyan Wu ,&nbsp;Wen Tang ,&nbsp;Yipeng Zuo ,&nbsp;Man Jiang ,&nbsp;Enxia Gao ,&nbsp;Baoxu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rehabilitation of oxidized arsenopyrite surfaces is critical for sustainable mineral processing. This study demonstrates that citric acid (CA) effectively restores arsenopyrite floatability by multi-mechanistic surface regeneration. XPS depth-profiling and TOF-SIMS results indicated that CA selectively chelation dissolved Fe³⁺-bearing oxides while competitively displacing re-adsorbed arsenate. This molecular selectivity reduced arsenic leaching by 55 % compared to H₂SO₄, owing to targeted complexation rather than indiscriminate proton attack. The results of electrochemical analysis, AFM and EDS analysis confirmed electrochemical reactivation initiating at surface asperities to enhance charge transfer and homogenization. HRTEM/SAED revealed nanostructure reconfiguration from epitaxial strained interfaces to functional polycrystalline domains enriched with FeS/As₂S₃ nanocrystals, facilitating S₂²⁻ exposure. Consequently, CA achieved significant flotation recovery improvement while maintaining &gt;80 % efficacy over 4–5 reuse cycles, pioneering a sustainable pathway for polymetallic sulfide ore rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146700"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}