Journal of Cleaner Production最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating business strategies for thermal energy storages: Participation in the Nordic electricity markets","authors":"Jasmin Salmi,&nbsp;Samuli Honkapuro","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lower costs of thermal energy storages compared with electrical energy storages encourage to prefer sector coupling and storing electricity in the form of heat instead of electricity. In this study, the profitability of a thermal energy storage operating in electricity markets is assessed. The electricity markets considered are day-ahead markets and reserve markets. The study is a case study of high-temperature sand energy storage in the context of the Finnish electricity markets. An optimization method based on a specific price limit mechanism for storage use is developed. The results show that it is not profitable for the storage to purchase electricity from the day-ahead market and sell the heat produced to the district heating network at a fixed price. Participating in reserve markets is a significant part of the sustainable business for the thermal energy storage, but the profits are dependent on whether the storage runs at full power and participates only in the down-regulation or runs mostly at half power and participates in both up- and down-regulation. More volatile electricity markets indicate higher profits in reserve markets and a better profitability of the thermal energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146658"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal diversification enables sustainable cotton-soybean production with enhanced yield and reduced emissions","authors":"Qingqing Lv ,&nbsp;Ning He ,&nbsp;Baojie Chi ,&nbsp;Shizhen Xu ,&nbsp;Zhenhuai Li ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Yanjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengpeng Cui ,&nbsp;Jianlong Dai ,&nbsp;Junjun Nie ,&nbsp;Yongjiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yantai Gan ,&nbsp;Hezhong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional monoculture and static intercropping systems exacerbate soil degradation, greenhouse gas emissions, and yield stagnation, failing to reconcile productivity with environmental sustainability. To address these challenges, we developed a novel alternate strip intercropping (ASI) system that integrates annual row-swapping between cotton and soybean, leveraging spatiotemporal diversification to optimize resource use and soil functionality. Through a six-year field experiment in the North China Plain, we tested the hypothesis that ASI enhances productivity, soil health, and nitrogen cycling efficiency while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Compared to monoculture, ASI increased cotton and soybean yields by 28 % and 21 %, respectively, achieving a land equivalent ratio of 1.26—surpassing traditional intercropping (1.13)—through improved light, water, and nutrient partitioning. Soil organic carbon rose by 21 %, driven by microbial restructuring (e.g., 83–87 % higher arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization), which enhanced aggregate stability and nutrient retention. Critically, ASI reduced cumulative N₂O emissions by 18–23 % (cotton) and 6–11 % (soybean) via optimized nitrogen cycling and microbial suppression of denitrification, decoupling yield gains from emission intensity. Economic returns increased by 24–122 % over conventional systems. Multidimensional sustainability indices, integrating agronomic, ecological, and socioeconomic metrics, revealed 40–188 % improvements under ASI compared to conventional practices. These outcomes were driven by complementary root architectures and rhizosphere interactions that fostered carbon sequestration and nitrogen use efficiency. This system supports Sustainable Development Goals 2 (Zero Hunger) and 13 (Climate Action) by demonstrating a pathway toward climate-resilient agroecosystem. Within the studied temperate environment, ASI reconciles yield-environment trade-offs, suggesting a scalable approach for cleaner production in similar agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146709"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of remaining driving range for electric vehicles based on IVY feature selection and parameter optimization of KAN","authors":"Dong Li ,&nbsp;Qiuyun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of the remaining driving range (RDR) of electric vehicles (EVs) is essential for enhancing the driving experience and optimizing battery management. However, existing studies still exhibit limitations in feature selection and model parameter optimization—two core steps in predictive modeling—thereby failing to maximize the predictive potential of key features. To address these challenges, this paper proposed an IVY Feature Selection and Parameter Optimization of Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (IVY-FSPOKAN) for predicting the RDR of EVs. The framework leverages the IVY algorithm to optimize feature combinations and the Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) structure and hyperparameters, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy and stability. The effectiveness of the IVY-FSPOKAN prediction framework is validated through experimental testing. The study first examined the impact of feature selection and parameter optimization on the prediction accuracy of RDR. The results show that both feature selection and parameter optimization significantly improve the accuracy of electric vehicle RDR predictions. Subsequently, the IVY-FSPOKAN framework was compared with 13 commonly used machine learning algorithms. The experimental results indicate that IVY-FSPOKAN outperforms the other algorithms across three evaluation metrics, with statistically significant differences. Finally, the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method was applied to analyze the importance of the features selected by IVY-FSPOKAN, intuitively revealing the mechanisms through which these features influence the RDR and providing interpretive support for the model's performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146680"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics insights into micro-oxygen-regulated microbial decolorization and metabolic pathways during hydrolysis and acidification of textile wastewater","authors":"Jiehui Ren ,&nbsp;Qian Peng ,&nbsp;Zhejun Du ,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Yang ,&nbsp;Jiayao Hui ,&nbsp;Ru Li ,&nbsp;Wen Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146707","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Micro-aerobic hydrolysis and acidification (MAHA) is a promising pretreatment for textile wastewater, yet the microbial metabolic mechanisms underlying its efficiency remain unclear. To address this, metagenomic analyses, coupled with the KEGG and MetaCyc databases, were utilized to characterize the functional composition, metabolic pathways, and key enzyme activities of hydrolysis and acidification (HA) microorganisms. Integrating metabolomic profiling, an innovative MAHA degradation pathway for Acid Scarlet GR dye was proposed, offering a comprehensive understanding of the microbial metabolic mechanisms under MA conditions. The results showed that HA bacteria under MA conditions (0.1–0.3 mg/L) were selectively enriched, including &lt;em&gt;Brooklawnia (17.4 %), Bacillus (2.8 %), Paenirhodobacter (16.8 %), and Pinisolibacter (1.4 %),&lt;/em&gt; alongside significant upregulation of key enzymes (such as EC:1.2.4.1, EC:2.8.3.1, EC:3.5.1., EC:1.14.13.) involved in dye degradation. Consequently, the system achieved an average decolorization efficiency of 85.5 %, BOD&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;/COD ratio of 0.50, COD removal of 29.7 %, and acetic acid production of 107.5 ± 8.7 mg/L. Functional annotation revealed active microbial pathways associated with fermentation, glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Metabolomic profiling identified 16 intermediates of Acid Scarlet GR degradation, revealing a pathway encompassing azo bond reduction, desulfonation, hydrolytic deamination, and aromatic ring cleavage, ultimately channeling into central carbon metabolism to generate acetic acid and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. This work provides novel mechanistic insights by linking microbial community structure, enzyme activity, and metabolite fluxes, highlighting the specific microbial and enzymatic drivers of enhanced HA performance. These findings advance the understanding of MAHA processes and support its optimized application for textile wastewater treatment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;HA bacteria under MA conditions (0.1–0.3 mg/L) were selectively enriched, including &lt;em&gt;Brooklawnia (17.4 %), Bacillus (2.8 %), Paenirhodobacter (16.8 %), and Pinisolibacter (1.4 %),&lt;/em&gt; alongside significant upregulation of key enzymes (such as EC:1.2.4.1, EC:2.8.3.1, EC:3.5.1., EC:1.14.13.) involved in dye degradation. Consequently, the system achieved an average decolorization efficiency of 85.5 %, BOD&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;/COD ratio of 0.50, COD removal of 29.7 %, and acetic acid production of 107.5 ± 8.7 mg/L. Functional annotation revealed active microbial pathways associated with fermentation, glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Metabolomic profiling identified 16 intermediates of Acid Scarlet GR degradation, revealing a pathway encompassing azo bond reduction, desulfonation, hydrolytic deamination, and aromatic ring cleavage, ultimately channeling into central carbon metabolism to generate acetic acid and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. This work provides novel mechanisti","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146707"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unleashing redox activity of biochar via a green thermal air oxidation process: Insights from machine learning","authors":"Zhixu Du ,&nbsp;Zhuozhuo Sun ,&nbsp;Xiangrong Li ,&nbsp;Haiqin Zhou ,&nbsp;Feng Shen ,&nbsp;Jianhua Hou ,&nbsp;Lichun Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The redox activity of biochar is critical in diverse biotic and abiotic processes. Herein, thermal air oxidation is proposed as a green strategy to unleash the redox activities of biochar. Results show that the electron donating capacities for biochars prepared at 300–700 °C (i.e., B300, B500 and B700) are sharply increased from ≤0.06 mmol e⁻/g to 0.53, 0.7 and 0.69 mmol e⁻/g, respectively, with the increase of thermal air oxidation temperature to 400 °C. The electron accepting capacity for B300 is increased with increasing thermal air oxidation temperatures, while the electron accepting capacities for B500 and B700 peak at thermal air oxidation temperatures of 300 and 350 °C (0.97 and 0.99 mmol e⁻/g), respectively. In addition, PFRs on B500 are more remarkably enriched after thermal air oxidation. These results suggest that thermal air oxidation highly efficiently multiplied biochar redox activity. Machine learning results further suggest that the electron donating capacity has a higher dependence on electron mobility regulated by carbon structural properties, while the electron accepting capacity is mainly limited by the number of active sites. These results are beneficial for the engineering of biochar redox activity via thermal air oxidation for potential applications in mediating redox processes and the understanding of controlling parameters for biochar redox activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146718"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic multidimensional optimization of carbon trading mechanisms in energy-intensive industries: Economic modeling, performance evaluation, and policy design","authors":"Weihong Han,&nbsp;Wen Wang,&nbsp;Xinjiletu Yang ,&nbsp;Yanli Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under China's dual carbon strategy, energy-intensive industries are key to achieving national emission reduction goals. However, the current carbon trading mechanism still faces limitations in terms of policy element configuration and synergistic effects, necessitating systematic optimization. In response to this urgent demand, the present study aims to develop a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to explore how mechanism optimization can effectively facilitate the low-carbon transition of energy-intensive sectors. Based on the 2020 input–output data of 21 sectors, the analysis systematically examines and evaluates the optimization of five key elements of the carbon trading mechanism—sectoral coverage, emission caps, carbon intensity goals, and incentive–penalty policies. Simulation results demonstrate that, under single-policy scenarios, a 2.2 % annual reduction in total emissions combined with a gradual phase-out of free allowances delivers relatively strong mitigation outcomes. Nevertheless, coordinated multi-factor optimization significantly outperforming single-element adjustments. These findings not only validate the effectiveness of multi-factor optimization but also underscore the strategic importance of integrated and systematic policy design in advancing the green transition of energy-intensive industries and ensuring the achievement of China's “dual carbon” goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146701"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive life cycle assessment of pipeline trenches beneath trafficable roadways backfilled with recycled aggregates","authors":"Janappriya Jayawardana,&nbsp;Zahra Kamali,&nbsp;Ehsan Yaghoubi,&nbsp;Malindu Sandanayake","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With rapid urban development, an increasing proportion of underground infrastructure continues to be installed beneath pavements of trafficable areas, requiring materials with sufficient bearing capacity for backfilling deep excavated trenches. To address the growing scarcity of natural aggregates and the overuse of landfills, this study explores the potential of recycled aggregates for sustainable trench backfilling through a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) against conventional methods, based on data obtained from real-life full-scale trench constructions. The study assesses three trench types: the control trench (CT) with natural crushed rock, the recycled unbound trench (RUT) with a blended mix of recycled materials in unbound form, and the recycled cemented trench (RCT) with similar recycled materials bound with cement. The LCA revealed that the RUT achieved a 71 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to the CT, while also reducing acidification, particulate matter formation, and marine ecotoxicity by around 50 %. Scenario analyses show that adopting green cement (e.g., fly ash) and electrifying construction processes further reduce emissions by up to 36 % and 32 %, respectively. Emission volatility for CT was high, with a standard deviation of 80.43 kg CO₂-eq in transport emissions, emphasising the stability benefits of recycled alternatives. RUT also aligned strongly with sustainable development goals (SDGs), notably contributing to climate action (SDG 13.2) and air pollution reduction (SDG 3.9). These findings reinforce the combined impact of material circularity, energy decarbonisation and sustainable construction practices in enhancing the environmental performance of deep sewer trench backfilling in trafficable areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146711"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An industrializable recovery technology for marine oil spill based on solar-thermal adsorption material","authors":"Qilin Guo,&nbsp;Changyun Wang,&nbsp;Yiyong Pan,&nbsp;Zexin Liu,&nbsp;Xiangyan Dou,&nbsp;Shuang Chen,&nbsp;Huie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photothermal oil-absorbing materials offer significant benefits for marine oil spill treatment thanks to their high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and reusability. However, expensive treatment costs and a fragmented process flow have restricted their large-scale practical application. To address these issues and facilitate the transition of photothermal oil-absorbing materials to real-world use, an integrated, low-cost, and high-efficiency process was proposed for marine oil spill cleanup. This integrated process comprises three key components, i.e., preparation of photothermal adsorption materials, photothermal adsorption of oil spills, and regeneration-reuse of photothermal materials. A graphene-coated melamine sponge (RGOMS) with minimized cost was prepared. Oil spill recovery experiments were then carried out using the prepared material. RGOMS exhibits superior photothermal-adsorption capacity for crude oil, adsorbing 74.69 times its own mass in 19 min, The oil-laden RGOMS was finally underwent an inexpensive regeneration method, i.e., “n-stage staggered-flow cleaning” strategy to enhance cleaning efficiency (99.47 %) and further reduce costs (54.55 %). This integrated oil spill cleanup process demonstrates unique advantages such as high efficiency and low cost, providing a model and guidance for the practical application of photothermal oil-absorbing materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146714"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobalt-boron-doped graphitic biochar for enhanced ofloxacin removal and mineralization via non-radical-dominated advanced oxidation processes","authors":"Jiali Cui ,&nbsp;Yi Liang ,&nbsp;Chaoneng Ning ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Fengjie Liang ,&nbsp;Jingyi Gao ,&nbsp;Ziyi Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing efficient non-radical advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with broad pH adaptability remains challenging. Here, non-precious cobalt and metalloid boron were incorporated into biochar via impregnation-pyrolysis to prepare CoB co-doped graphitic biochar (CoB-BC). This material aimed to enhance catalytic performance by leveraging cobalt's high oxidation potential for pH stability and boron-promoted graphitization for efficient electron transfer. In the CoB-BC/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system, ofloxacin (OFX) was completely degraded (&gt;99 %) with 92.78 % mineralization within 40 min via non-radical pathways (¹O₂ and electron transfer) across pH 3–11. EEM, full-spectrum scanning, PMS concentration and TOC measurements confirmed OFX degradation and mineralization. Electrochemical analyses confirmed the graphitic structure facilitated electron transfer and cobalt valence cycling. The system exhibited low ecotoxicity (using soybean sprouts) and was successfully integrated into a membrane (CoB-BC/MCE), demonstrating application potential. This work develops a wood-based biochar catalyst combining high efficiency, environmental compatibility, and operational versatility for contaminant degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146706"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic experiments and a multi-criteria assessment framework to validate amendments-enhanced agglomerated matrix layer for green roof stormwater and pollutant control","authors":"Wending Huang ,&nbsp;Yimi Huang ,&nbsp;Wuhu Guo ,&nbsp;Shaoye Du ,&nbsp;Junpeng Li ,&nbsp;Jian Zhan ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Yuxin Li ,&nbsp;Yinglong Shen ,&nbsp;Ya Wang ,&nbsp;Yanqi Liu ,&nbsp;Yuejin Chen ,&nbsp;Na Yao ,&nbsp;Hannan Ahmad Anjum ,&nbsp;Shihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Huoqing Xiao ,&nbsp;Ming Sun ,&nbsp;Jia Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-energy strategies for pollutant removal and hydrological regulation are increasingly critical in water-sensitive urban design. As a key component of green roofs, the substrate layer plays a vital role in runoff retention, pollutant interception, and nutrient conservation, yet lacks a comprehensive system-level investigation. This study developed an integrated \"material–structure–function–evaluation\" framework, combining systematic experiments and multidimensional modeling to elucidate the synergistic mechanisms by which six types of amendments (27 tested combinations) enhance aggregate structure for improved hydrological performance, pollutant reduction, and nutrient retention. A standardized evaluation process and comprehensive index system were established to support the sustainable application of green roof substrates. Results showed that the amendments significantly improved the substrates' hydraulic properties. Modified substrates enhanced runoff reduction by regulating particle size distribution, improving pore structure, and forming multiscale aggregates. The amendments also reduced rainfall-induced nutrient leaching, enhanced nutrient retention, and promoted the accumulation of NH₄⁺-N and TP, thereby improving pollutant interception efficiency. All amended substrates improved TN and TP removal, with polyferric sulfate (PFS) showing the highest efficiency (TN: 23.13 %, TP: 82.93 %). PFS reduced TP and nitrate leaching through combined chemical precipitation and physical retention, while maintaining phosphorus availability and improving effluent quality. Released Fe³⁺ from PFS formed insoluble complexes with PO₄³⁻, effectively limiting nitrogen and phosphorus migration via runoff. A weighted comprehensive evaluation confirmed that all amendments enhanced substrate multifunctionality, with PFS-modified substrates demonstrating optimal performance in hydrological regulation, pollution control, and nutrient retention, indicating strong potential for practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 146679"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}