{"title":"Performance of the small island developing economies in circular economy: An attempt at measurement and comparison","authors":"Chloë Francomme","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The circular economy has gained prominence in political discourse, is being implemented at multiple levels, and continues to attract scholarly attention. Numerous indicators have been developed to assess circularity and support decision-making. However, at the macro level, these indicators are rarely applied to small island economies, despite their pressing need for economic transformation due to their unique characteristics. To address this gap, we propose the Territorial Circularity Index (TCI), a new indicator grounded in territorial-level material flow analysis (MFA) and building on the National Circularity Index (Circle Economy Foundation) and the Circular Material Use Rate (Eurostat). Our analysis of small island economies from 2018 to 2023 reveals a global trend of declining circularity. While these economies exhibit low circularity levels, they outperform some European countries. The TCI is recommended as a standard tool for assessing macro-level circularity in islands and other data-scarce territories, providing a practical monitoring framework for local authorities to evaluate the impact of circular economy strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"528 ","pages":"Article 146742"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoai Dai , Danlan Li , Yumeng Zheng , Chao Liu , Naiwen Li , Heng Lu
{"title":"Analysis of spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of green and blue carbon stocks in Zhangzhou City based on PLUS and InVEST models","authors":"Xiaoai Dai , Danlan Li , Yumeng Zheng , Chao Liu , Naiwen Li , Heng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As two major carbon pools in the earth's ecosystem, green and blue carbon have great carbon sink potential, and the study of carbon stocks is of great significance for protecting the ecosystem and enhancing the carbon sink potential. Land use is the main factor affecting the change of carbon stocks, and the study on the changes of land use is helpful to the realization of China's “Dual-Carbon” Policy. This study focused on Zhangzhou City and its coastal mangrove nature reserve in Fujian Province, China, and estimated the green and blue carbon stocks in 2000–2020 via the InVEST and PLUS models to analyze their spatiotemporal change characteristics and potential driving factors. Additionally, this study also predicted changes in carbon stocks in 2030 and 2050 through different scenario simulations to provide a scientific basis for achieving the goal of China's “Carbon Peak, Carbon Neutrality”. The study found that from 2000 to 2020, the green carbon stocks in Zhangzhou City decreased by 15.62 × 10<sup>4</sup> t, with a gradually increasing amplitude, while the blue carbon stocks in the Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove Nature Reserve and Jiulongjiang Estuary Mangrove Nature Reserve increased by 9.79 × 10<sup>4</sup> t and 17.15 × 10<sup>4</sup> t respectively, with a decreasing amplitude. Land use changes are mainly driven by natural factors (i.e. altitude, average annual precipitation) and socio-economic factors (i.e. GDP, population density). The blue carbon ecosystem, especially mangroves, shows much higher carbon sink potential than the green carbon ecosystem. However, the invasion of the alien species Spartina alterniflora leads to a sharp decrease in the area of mangroves, significantly affecting the blue carbon stocks. The results of this study show that if ecological protection measures are not taken, the green carbon stocks in Zhangzhou City will continue to decline, and the increase of blue carbon stocks will be further reduced. Therefore, strengthening the protection of woodlands, reducing the disturbance of human activities and preventing and controlling the invasion of alien species are the key strategies to achieve the improvement of regional carbon stocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"528 ","pages":"Article 146743"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does reverse mixed reform affect green innovation of private enterprises?","authors":"Yan Song , Hanbing Hu , Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the panel data of A-share listed private enterprises in China, this paper empirically examines the impact and mechanism of reverse mixed reform on green innovation of private enterprises. The results show that reverse mixed reform significantly enhances the green innovation capability of private enterprises, with a particularly pronounced effect on green utility model patents. This reform influences green innovation through the mediation effects of corporate governance, internal resource allocation, and signal mechanisms. Moreover, the signal effect and its chain mediation are positively moderated by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The impact of reverse mixed reform on green innovation varies according to the degree of market openness, level of social supervision, industry type, geographical region, and the extent of reform implementation. However, no significant heterogeneity is observed with changes in the management's equity holdings. In addition to boosting green innovation, reverse mixed reform significantly improves firms' financial performance and stock returns, achieving a win-win outcome for environmental sustainability and corporate profitability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"528 ","pages":"Article 146735"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Zhang , Xi Chen , Hailong Mao , Xiuming Zhang , Ke Wang , Enhao Zhu , Dan Yin , Ruilun Zheng , Shijie You
{"title":"Effects of iron on greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions and related genes in swine manure composting","authors":"Chen Zhang , Xi Chen , Hailong Mao , Xiuming Zhang , Ke Wang , Enhao Zhu , Dan Yin , Ruilun Zheng , Shijie You","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions from livestock and poultry manure composting are a crucial environmental problem worldwide. In this study, effects of ten soluble iron (Fe) salts or insoluble Fe and Fe minerals on carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions were systematically explored in swine manure composting, respectively. Results illustrated that soluble Fe salts were superior to insoluble Fe minerals on reducing global warming potential (GWP) of GHGs. Furthermore, Fe(Ⅲ) salts were more effective on weakening CH<sub>4</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions compared to Fe(Ⅱ) salts. Specifically, 35.7 % and 67.3 % of CH<sub>4</sub> reduction was attributed that ferrous chloride (FeCl<sub>2</sub>) and ferric chloride (FeCl<sub>3</sub>) increased initial oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and mitigated <em>mmoX</em> and <em>pmoA</em> downward in initial composting. Abundances of <em>mmoX</em> and <em>pmoA</em> decreased by 45.9 % and 76.3 % in Ctrl treatment, 37.9 % and 60.7 % in FeⅡ treatment, 25.7 % and 51.9 % in FeⅢ treatment, respectively. In addition, main methanogenic archaea of <em>Methanobrevibacter</em> abundances in Ctrl, FeⅡ and FeⅢ obviously decreased by 82.2 %, 89.3 % and 92.2 % in the first 10 days, respectively. Moreover, Fe(Ⅲ) salts enhanced N<sub>2</sub>O emission relative to Ctrl and Fe(Ⅱ) salts. NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N content, <em>nirK</em> and <em>norB</em> increment might promote N<sub>2</sub>O release in initial period. Notedly, <em>nosZ</em> of Ctrl and FeⅡ separately ascended by 71.2 % and 66.9 %, yet <em>nosZ</em> of FeⅢ descended by 45.8 % in the first 10 days, which might restrict denitrification. Generally, this study proposed a valuable and feasible strategy to alleviate GHGs emissions and nitrogen loss in composting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"528 ","pages":"Article 146686"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiyun Nan , Jiankun Liu , Dan Chang , Jong-Sub Lee , Xue Li
{"title":"Non-destructive evaluation of freeze-thaw performance in ISS-lime-fly ash stabilized saline soils","authors":"Jiyun Nan , Jiankun Liu , Dan Chang , Jong-Sub Lee , Xue Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Replacing conventional cement-based binders with cleaner materials for soil stabilization has become a research priority due to the pressing need to reduce carbon emissions in the construction sector. This study explores a sustainable stabilization method using ionic soil stabilizer (ISS), lime, and fly ash to improve the freeze-thaw durability of saline soils, which pose serious challenges to infrastructure in cold regions. A series of non-destructive testing methods, including elastic wave velocity measurements (S-wave and P-wave), time-domain reflectometry for volumetric water content analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, were employed to assess soil stabilization efficiency. The results indicate that ISS-lime-fly ash stabilization significantly enhances the freeze-thaw resistance of saline soils by promoting aggregate formation, improving cementitious bonding, and reducing the temperature sensitivity of water content in the frozen state. The evolution of S-wave and P-wave velocities revealed that ISS-lime-fly ash treated specimens exhibited greater structural integrity and slower degradation in mechanical properties compared to lime-fly ash treated soils. After 20 freeze-thaw cycles, the thawed ISS-lime-fly ash stabilized soils exhibited shear modulus values ranging from 1055 to 1325 MPa and small-strain Young's modulus values from 2973 to 3644 MPa. Integrating microstructural observations with existing research, this study elucidates freeze-thaw damage and self-healing mechanisms in stabilized soils while revealing the influence of ISS content on freeze-thaw behavior. These findings support the development of low-carbon soil materials for sustainable construction in cold and saline regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"528 ","pages":"Article 146728"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feihong Liang , Shuiping Yan , Zhan Shi , Te Tu , Andrea Pezzuolo , Qi Feng
{"title":"Application of carbon biological sequestration technology in CCUS: Potential and optimization strategies for inorganic carbon absorption by plant root and CO2 carriers by biogas slurry","authors":"Feihong Liang , Shuiping Yan , Zhan Shi , Te Tu , Andrea Pezzuolo , Qi Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations have surged to historically high levels, driving extreme weather events, biodiversity loss, and threats to food security. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is recognized as a critical pathway to mitigate these impacts, yet conventional physicochemical methods incur high energy demands and operational costs. Biological carbon sequestration—harnessing autotrophic organisms to convert inorganic CO<sub>2</sub> into organic biomass—offers a low-energy, clean alternative, but its large-scale deployment is hindered by limited fixation efficiency and technological maturity. This review synthesizes advances in CCUS with a focus on plant-based inorganic carbon uptake and novel CO<sub>2</sub> carriers for agricultural applications. We dissect the molecular and physiological mechanisms underpinning HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> absorption by plant roots and evaluate biogas slurry—a nutrient-rich byproduct of anaerobic digestion—as a dual-function carrier and fertilizer. Strategies to enhance slurry CO<sub>2</sub> loading, including pH elevation via biomass ash and biochar amendments, are discussed alongside their impacts on crop growth, soil health, and carbon retention. Lifecycle assessments demonstrate that biogas slurry–based sequestration reduces energy requirements by up to 65% and greenhouse-gas intensity by 67% compared to monoethanolamine capture. We outline tailored deployment scenarios across tropical, temperate, arid, and cold agroecosystems and propose research priorities—multisite field trials, optimization of carrier composites, comprehensive LCAs, and interdisciplinary collaboration—to drive the transition toward low-energy, high-value carbon biological sequestration in global agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"528 ","pages":"Article 146766"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preventing sour gas hazards: terrain-aware buffer zoning via wind tunnel modeling","authors":"Baoquan Xin , Wenyi Dang , Chuntao Ge , Zhiguo Zhou , Xiaodong Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating hydrogen sulfide dispersion from sour gas facilities is critical for achieving cleaner production in the energy sector. The high-pressure nature of these releases leads to highly complex dispersion processes. This study develops a novel wind tunnel experimental similarity model to accurately predict high-pressure gas dispersion. This method integrates jet dynamics and atmospheric boundary layer theory, significantly reducing costs compared to full-scale trials. The model was applied to investigate H<sub>2</sub>S dispersion under two wind speeds and eight wind directions. Results show that the critical concentration (100 ppm) dispersion distances range from 136– 570 m (at 2 m/s) to 81–313 m (at 4 m/s), with a 3.9–4.2-fold variation across wind directions. Maximum concentrations differed by up to 9.1 times at 2 m/s and 4.8 times at 4 m/s. This variation occurred among different wind directions. This framework supports cleaner production and enables dynamic safety zoning. Compared to conventional fixed buffer zones, land occupancy in mountainous regions can be reduced by up to 88.4 % or increased by 16.6 %. This terrain-aware approach precisely identifies risks, prevents cascade failures, facilitates ISO 14001 certification, and provides a resource-efficient basis for balancing industrial safety with environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"528 ","pages":"Article 146730"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D.M. Fouz , R. Carballo , I. López , B. Álvarez , G. Iglesias
{"title":"Floating solar photovoltaic energy for coastal areas: A siting methodology","authors":"D.M. Fouz , R. Carballo , I. López , B. Álvarez , G. Iglesias","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decision-making process at the early stages of marine renewable energy projects typically faces considerable uncertainties. Amongst them, identifying the most suitable cost-effective locations is a key aspect, for which several novel indices have been proposed recently. In the case of floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) energy, a nascent technology, efforts have focused on offshore sites, possibly to the detriment of nearshore options of high interest such as estuaries. Granted, coastal areas present specific challenges, not least their high environmental value and the coexistence of many uses of the marine space, the compatibility of which ought to be accurately assessed. In this work, the Integrated Floating Solar Energy (IFSE) index is proposed for siting FPV farms in coastal areas. This novel index is based on a comprehensive methodology, which considers the aspects relevant to the decision-making process: (i) the exploitable resource, (ii) the costs of installation, and (iii) the socioeconomic and environmental aspects. The IFSE index is applied to a case study in the Ría de Vigo, an estuary in NW Spain, leading to the delimitation of an area of about 7 km<sup>2</sup> as that with the highest interest, and showing the capability of this index to significantly contribute to the decision-making process for the deployment of FPV farms in coastal areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"528 ","pages":"Article 146733"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siqin Wang , Xiao Huang , Yaguang Tao , Wei Kang , Qian Chayn Sun
{"title":"Rising temperatures, rising disparities: The future of heat exposure in the U.S. by 2050","authors":"Siqin Wang , Xiao Huang , Yaguang Tao , Wei Kang , Qian Chayn Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Future global warming will affect nearly every aspect of human society and daily life. Yet, little is known about disparities in exposure to future heatwaves across different social groups. This study provides a fine-grained, spatially explicit prediction of heat-affected populations in the continental United States by 2050, considering four combined scenarios of shared socioeconomic pathways and representative concentration pathways. Incorporating projected changes in socio-demographic and economic compositions, we find that global warming is likely to exacerbate disparities in heat exposure, as measured by the Gini coefficient. The poverty group, residing in 52 % of continental states, is projected to face the greatest impact, followed by Black and Asian populations. Additionally, residents of densely populated metropolitan areas are expected to experience greater inequalities in heat exposure compared to those in smaller metropolitan regions. These findings underscore the regions where heat interventions are most urgently needed and emphasize the importance of prioritizing social equity—aligning with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and their guiding principle of leaving no one behind.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"528 ","pages":"Article 146767"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lide Yang , Wenqian Li , Sisi Chen , Qi Luo , Huiying Wang , Zhuoyu Mao , Zheng Liu , Jianmin Yuan , Guowen He
{"title":"A continued nano-carbon network endowing the polyvinyl alcohol composite films with super-high electrical and thermal conductivity","authors":"Lide Yang , Wenqian Li , Sisi Chen , Qi Luo , Huiying Wang , Zhuoyu Mao , Zheng Liu , Jianmin Yuan , Guowen He","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address key trade-offs in carbon-based composites—conductivity vs. dispersibility, flexibility vs. high filler loading—a double-filled polyvinyl alcohol composite (PVAC) film was developed. Integrate sodium hypochlorite-oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into a PVA matrix via vacuum-induced self-assembly and thermal-pressure lamination. A green hypochlorous acid oxidation strategy endows O-MWCNT with GO-like water dispersibility while preserving reducibility, overcoming the dispersion-conductivity trade-off. Oxygen functional groups on O-MWCNTs enhance dispersion and act as dynamic anchors for PVA chains, promoting long-range polymer interlinking (rather than confinement) to maintain flexibility—retaining over 96 % thermal conductivity (k) after 1000 folding cycles. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of continuous 3D nano-carbon networks, where O-MWCNTs act as vertical interconnects bridging the rGO nanosheets, establishing continuous conductive and heat conduction pathways. PVA chains form an elastic “web” around functionalized fillers, with hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups (-OH) of PVA and oxygen moieties (-COOH, -C=O) on nanocarbons enabling stress redistribution. At a rGO:O-MWCNT ratio (4:6) and 70 wt% filler loading, the films exhibit superhigh in-plane/through-plane electrical (3007.5/721.5 S/m) and thermal (67.7/11.5 W/m·K) conductivities. Notably, they maintain ∼7.8 % elongation at break, defying the rigidity-conductivity trade-off, thanks to oxygen-mediated interfaces where sacrificial hydrogen bonds dissipate strain while preserving conductive networks. This dual-filler design leverages rGO (lateral conduction) and O-MWCNTs (vertical bridges) to overcome conductivity anisotropy. The films' exceptional electrical-thermal-mechanical performance, paired with scalable fabrication, positions them as a transformative platform for flexible electronics, thermal interface materials, and energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"528 ","pages":"Article 146732"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}