Battery energy storage system sizing optimization in smart microgrid with virtual energy storage system and behind-the-meter photovoltaic systems

Abstract

With the increase of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) penetration, battery energy storage system (BESS) sizing optimization with risk aversion can keep system stable operation, maximize the operator net profit, and avoid exposure to high risk. Based on time-of-use (TOU) tariff, a two-stage BESS sizing optimization method with risk aversion is presented considering the participation of virtual energy storage system (VESS) in the smart microgrid with behind-the-meter rooftop PV systems. In the first stage, VESS and BESS modelling are established. The netload scenarios are categorized and further reduced to provide fundamental data for BESS sizing, which are disaggregated into PV power generation and load to analyse residential electricity consumption behaviour. In the second stage, the optimal size of BESS is determined through maximizing the operator's net profit considering the risk of netload variability due to the uncertainties of PV and load. The optimal energy resources dispatching strategy is formulated via meeting various constraints in the smart microgrid, where VESS is applied to participate in various demand response programmes based on user requirements. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a win-win situation for the operator and residents, and the effectiveness and superiority of proposed method are verified through the comparison experiments. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the optimal BESS size with risk aversion is influenced by TOU tariff, load and PV generation change, and the degree of risk aversion.