Environmental Challenges最新文献

{"title":"Socio-environmental factors and organized criminal networks influencing maritime crime dynamics in Nigeria's Niger Delta","authors":"Bitrus Eniyekenimi Daukere,&nbsp;Ifatokun Paul Ifabiyi","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persistent challenges of environmental harm and economic hardship in Nigeria’s Niger Delta have fostered conditions that enable diverse forms of maritime crime and community unrest. This study employs a parallel convergent mixed-methods research design to examine the interplay of environmental degradation, socio-economic marginalization, and maritime crime in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. Questionnaire, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data on environmental degradation, socio-economic marginalization, and maritime crime in the Niger Delta. Maritime crime types experienced by respondents and/or their family members were analysed using percentages. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyse underlying latent factors that explain the correlations among maritime crime types, while the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity were used to provide critical insights of the data’s suitability for PCA. Findings reveal sea robbery (34.52 %) and inter-communal violence (30.11 %) as dominant crimes, while kidnapping (5.39 %) and oil bunkering (23.13 %) underscore economic desperation. Finding from the PCA identifies three latent factors: (1) socio-environmental grievances (sea robbery, oil violence, waste dumping), (2) economic exploitation (kidnapping, bunkering, trafficking), and (3) protest-driven vandalism linked to unemployment and resource neglect. The community based findings contextualize these patterns, highlighting how oil spills, flooding, and government neglect fuel cycles of poverty, environmental harm, and criminal resistance. Respondents attribute pipeline vandalism and piracy to “survival strategies” amid degraded livelihoods. The study emphasizes the need for multidimensional policies addressing root causes such as environmental restoration, youth employment, and equitable resource governance to disrupt crime networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ecological engineering on water quality improvement under urbanization: A case study in Xiaoqing river in Jinan, China","authors":"Fan Li ,&nbsp;Jizhen Li ,&nbsp;Zongming Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xiaoqing River serves as Jinan's primary wastewater-receiving watercourse, with municipal reclaimed water constituting its main replenishment source. Consequently, Jinan's urbanization process exerts decisive influence on the river's water quality. Through integrated analysis of urban development and ecological engineering initiatives along the river, this study conducts a temporal analysis (2011–2023) of hydrological and water quality variations in the Jinan section of the Xiaoqing River Basin, systematically investigating urban expansion impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Analysis of multi-contaminant annual variation trends reveals an initial deterioration phase followed by significant water quality improvement, with 2017 marking a pivotal transition point. Post-2017 comprehensive river remediation resulted in marked environmental quality enhancement. However, emerging challenges including escalating mitigation costs and regulatory complexities led to marginal water quality decline after 2023 navigation resumption. Findings suggest that intensified pollution control challenges emerge for Xiaoqing River water quality improvement. However, with the Jinan municipal government's increased focuses on pollution remediation and the development and utilization of Xiaoqing River, it is expected that the water resources, water ecology and water environment of Xiaoqing River will continue to be consolidated and improved after the navigation resumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating missing daily streamflow data in a tropical basin with pronounced seasonal variability: A comparative case study from the Guayas River Basin, Ecuador","authors":"Daniela Stay-Arevalo ,&nbsp;Mijail Arias-Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Boris Apolo-Masache ,&nbsp;Luis Dominguez-Granda ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Villa-Cox","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Streamflow data holds significant importance in multiple environmental assessments and management frameworks. Information gaps can markedly influence the precision and reliability of these assessments and practices, especially in developing countries. This study employs a predictive framework implementing Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) and Random Forest (RF) models to tackle missing information in a daily streamflow dataset of 22 hydrological stations within the Guayas River Basin (GRB), Ecuador. A comparative predictive performance contrast was set between actual observed data and out-of-sample model estimates. Models were evaluated by the computation of performance metrics (e.g. Bias, Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE), Normalized Mean Absolute Error (NMAE) and Nash–Sutcliffe model Efficiency coefficient (NSE)). We found that the kNN and RF models outperform the SARIMA model, with NSE values ranging from 0.715 to 0.983 when estimating randomly allocated contiguous gaps. Different gap extensions were tested as well, with more than 70% similitude for gap lengths up to 15 days with the RF model. Further estimations fail to reproduce the natural peak-flow dynamics of the original streamflow time series, and exhibit step-like patterns with lower adjustment metrics, generally underestimating observed values. This study opens room for improvement in data mining stages prior to modelling for proper characterization in data scarcity regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular economy valorization of oyster shell waste for biological control of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae","authors":"Taddao Pahasup-Anan ,&nbsp;Bhuvaneswari Kandasamy ,&nbsp;Rotruedee Chotigawin ,&nbsp;Pitsanu Pannaracha ,&nbsp;Teeranun Nakyai ,&nbsp;Mayurin Laorujisawat ,&nbsp;Surachai Wongcharee ,&nbsp;Kowit Suwannahong","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, remains a significant health threat in tropical and subtropical regions. In Thailand, particularly in Thap Ma Municipality, Rayong Province, the incidence of dengue fever remains alarmingly high, necessitating the development of effective and sustainable mosquito control strategies. This study examines the valorization of oyster shell waste, a plentiful marine by product, as a sustainable larvicide alternative as a green mosquito repellent to conventional chemical mosquito repellent, such as organophosphate-based Abate. Aligned with circular economy principles, the research involved collaboration with the Thap Ma community to develop and evaluate mosquito larvae elimination products derived from treated oyster shells. Four formulations were tested, with Formula 1 (without herbal additives) and Formula 4 (with turmeric) demonstrating the highest potential due to their simplicity, ease of use, and larvicidal efficacy. Environmental and socio-economic assessments revealed promising outcomes, including an eco-efficiency score of 666.67, a Social Return on Investment (SROI) of 19.53, and an estimated reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 0.0143 tons CO₂-equivalent per year. These findings support the development of oyster shell-based larvicides as a green mosquito repellent, an eco-friendly, community-driven solution to vector control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping plastic waste entry points into the riverine environment","authors":"Rose Boahemaa Pinto ,&nbsp;Makrita Solitei ,&nbsp;Martine van der Ploeg ,&nbsp;Janneke J.O.E. Remmers ,&nbsp;Remko Uijlenhoet ,&nbsp;Ivy Akuoko-Gyimah ,&nbsp;Tim H.M. van Emmerik","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) is a major source of plastic pollution in rivers, particularly in regions with insufficient waste management infrastructure. Despite prior studies on MPW drivers, the entry points of MPW into riverine environments across the lifecycle of specific plastic items have not been assessed. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the lifecycle of the three most polluting plastic items, drinking water sachets, small bottles, and expanded polystyrene (EPS) food packaging in the Odaw catchment, located in Accra, Ghana to identify their critical entry points into the riverine environment. The Odaw is known for its high contribution to environmental plastic pollution due to the high anthropogenic activities, coupled with its inadequate waste management systems. Using a qualitative methodology, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 15 stakeholders involved in production, retail, consumption, waste management, and regulation across the plastic lifecycle. Data collected through audio recordings, were transcribed and analysed through inductive content analysis approach in ATLAS.ti. The findings reveal that all MPW entry points occur during post-consumption stages, with four of eight identified practices classified as high-impact. EPS packs was not recovered for recycling, bottles were exported overseas for recycling, and water sachets recovery faced challenges due to the low market prices and limited recycling capacity. This highlights the catchment’s limited recycling infrastructure. The study provides localized insights for targeted mitigation strategies and support targeted monitoring efforts. Furthermore, it offers a replicable methodological framework for regions with limited waste operations data, serving as a baseline for data-rich regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing predictive models of riparian buffer efficacy with meta-analysis","authors":"Rosamar Ayala-Torres ,&nbsp;Lee H. Dietterich ,&nbsp;Samantha Wiest ,&nbsp;S. Kyle McKay","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Riparian ecosystems have been extensively studied worldwide to determine the influence of buffer width on riparian-stream interactions, including water quality and biodiversity. Many recommendations have emerged from literature synthesis regarding the buffer widths necessary to conserve riparian functions. This study conducts a meta-analysis of buffer width efficacy, aiming to develop recommendations for protecting and restoring riparian areas. Existing studies reporting the effect of varying riparian buffer widths on water quality (i.e., pollutant retention) and biodiversity outcomes (i.e., relative species richness) were compiled. Results indicate a strong, significant positive correlation between buffer width and pollutant retention and by their constituents (<em>n</em> = 30 studies, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), with tree vegetation types and lower slopes increasing retention effectiveness. Biodiversity measures showed a moderate positive correlation with buffer width (<em>n</em> = 41, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Based on logarithmic models of buffer efficacy, a 15 m corridor width retains 67 % of pollutant inputs from upland sources and supports about 79 % of the species richness compared to larger reference buffers. Most studies on water quality improvement focused on reducing nutrients and sediment loads, suggesting emergent pollutants (e.g., microplastics) as potential future research. Similarly, most biodiversity studies focused on invertebrate taxa, suggesting the need for diverse taxonomic studies. Overall, the meta-analysis concludes a strong positive correlation between buffer widths and improvements in water quality and biodiversity, underscoring the importance of functional riparian buffers. Through meta-regression, simple models are provided as a first-order tool for scientists and decision-makers to estimate effective riparian buffer widths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural imperatives and environmental challenges: burial practices in flood-prone area of Mahakam Cascade Lake community to improve cultural resilience and sustainability","authors":"Yaskinul Anwar ,&nbsp;Syamsul Bachri ,&nbsp;Sugeng Utaya ,&nbsp;Sumarmi ,&nbsp;Mislan","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods are destructive disasters that significantly impact life, including disruptions in community cultural practices. One aspect of culture affected by floods is funeral procession, especially in the burial of the deceased, which has spiritual and social values in the community. This study aimed to explore the practice of managing funerals, especially in burials in flood-prone areas in Mahakam Cascade Lake (MCL), to understand the culture of sustainable community resilience. Data collection in this study involved in-depth interviews with village government officials and death association members to explore the potential for sustainable community resilience. The data analysis used a thematic approach to explore the development of burial culture during floods and the reasons for using various adaptation strategies based on changes in water levels. The study identified three main strategies implemented by the community: 1) constructing embankments for burials during low floods, 2) elevating cemetery grounds, and 3) relocating burials to neighbouring villages. These strategies demonstrate the community's ability to use local knowledge, social networks, and village collaborations to maintain cultural burial practices during floods. Comprehensive planning and support from local governments are required to support the long-term sustainability of cultural burial practices in flood-prone areas. The innovative adaptation strategies of the MCL community in maintaining cultural burial practices amidst the challenges of flood disasters provide important lessons for building sustainable cultural resilience in the face of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From screens to streams: Can personalized MOOCs enhance drinking water operations? - A pilot study in ecuador","authors":"Martín Bustamante-León ,&nbsp;Paúl Herrera ,&nbsp;Luis Domínguez-Granda ,&nbsp;Andrea C. García-Angulo ,&nbsp;Andrée De Cock ,&nbsp;Tammy Schellens ,&nbsp;Peter L.M. Goethals ,&nbsp;Otilia Alejandro ,&nbsp;Martín Valcke","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Ecuador, only 4 out of 221 municipalities accredit a quality label for drinking water consumption. One of the causes affecting a low accreditation level is the deficiency of water treatment operators' technical skills, primarily due to limited access to fitting educational opportunities. To tackle this deficiency, we developed two Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) on physico-chemical water treatment in Ecuador, one highly personalized (MOOC++) and the other less personalized (MOOC+). The aim of this study is to implement an experimental design to assess the impact of personalization on learning performance and engagement in MOOC versions. We applied multivariate data analysis, multilevel models, and structural equation modeling using R (version 4.5.2). Overall, the results show the benefits of the higher degree of personalization regarding both engagement and performance of the trained professional. The results confirm the positive impact of investing in the personalization of MOOCs. Nevertheless, the findings also ask for further investigation into factors such as digital literacy, prior knowledge, and content type to optimize personalized learning for water operators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic bioremediation of marine oil spills using dual strain consortium immobilized rice husk biochar","authors":"Prithwindra Sarkar,&nbsp;S. Jitendra Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria capable of degrading oil spillage hydrocarbons are widely identified, yet single bacterial strains often underperform in real environments due to competition with native microorganisms, leading to decreased degradation efficiency. In this study, an eco-friendly approach was developed for removing hydrocarbons from aqueous systems by immobilizing consortium of <em>Novosphingobium sp. MCC 3051 and Alcanivorax sp.</em> MCC 4337 onto rice husk-derived biochar (RHB). The Hydrocarbons remediation process was systematically optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). MCC 3051 and MCC 4337 exhibited a highly hydrophobic cell surface. Genetic analysis revealed multiple metabolic pathways for breaking down both alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Experimentally, MCC 3051 and MCC 4337 completely degraded short-chain Hydrocarbons (C₁₀–C₂₂) and achieved over 97% degradation within 7 days. These findings suggest MCC 3051 and MCC 4337 hold strong promise for remediating oil-contaminated water due to its broad degradation range and high environmental adaptability. Gas Chromatography (GC) analyses identified the degradation products, signifying a synergistic effect of bacterial metabolism and adsorption in the Hydrocarbons removal mechanism. These findings highlight the potential of immobilized MCC 3051, MCC 4337 and Consortium loaded rice husk biochar (CRHB) for efficient remediation of marine oil-contaminated environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water governance PESTEL/SWOT-TOWS analysis in the Andean Community of Nations (ACN)","authors":"Gricelda Herrera-Franco ,&nbsp;Juan María Fornés ,&nbsp;Lady Bravo-Montero ,&nbsp;F.J. Montalván ,&nbsp;Paúl Carrión-Mero","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water management and the control of anthropogenic effects as well as climate change pressures are critical pillars supporting the development of countries. Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru, countries of the Andean Community of Nations (ACN) share similar geographic and climatological environments but face challenges in water management due to the increased demand of the resource and the lack of integral governance strategies oriented to the conjunctive use of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW). The objective of this article is to analyse the regulatory frameworks and priority uses in ACN by applying the Political-Economic-Social-Technological-Ecological-Legal (PESTEL) and Strengths-Opportunities-Weaknesses-Threats (SWOT-TOWS) methods for the proposal of strategic guidelines for integrated water management. The methodology comprises (i) characterization of the study area, (ii) a literature review of regulatory frameworks and water resources data of the ACN, (iii) an analysis of external factors (PESTEL) with a group of experts and internal-external factors (SWOT-TOWS), and (iv) preparation of a water management matrix. Water management in ACN is a significant challenge of the 21st century that requires new public policies, generated through the interaction between government and communities, that consider the integration of engineering knowledge, the technical component, ancestral knowledge, and the integral-participatory approach to the joint use of SW, GW, and wastewater. This study selected the PESTEL factors using the criteria of six experts in water management, identifying that environmental and technological factors had the highest weight of importance (100 %), followed by economic, political, and legal aspects with high importance (75 %). With the integrated SWOT-TOWS analysis, resource management guidelines were established, mainly oriented towards (i) Regulations for the protection of surface and groundwater bodies, (ii) Multidisciplinary technical cooperation for watershed management, and (iii) Public databases of watershed systems. Finally, consider the optimisation of Water-Energy-Food (WEF) resources and the Ministry of Water as the highest level institution in water management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}