Environmental Challenges最新文献

{"title":"Recycling of volcanic ash and carbide slag in blended mortars: A multi-criteria performance assessment","authors":"Jad Bawab ,&nbsp;Hilal El-Hassan ,&nbsp;Amr El-Dieb ,&nbsp;Jamal Khatib","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A multi-criteria performance evaluation was performed to assess the physical and durability properties of cementitious composites containing volcanic ash (VA) and carbide slag (CS). The investigated mortars involved cement mass substitution by VA at 0–40 % and CS at 0–20 %. Mortar mixes with these respective substitution rates were examined for compressive strength, fresh and hardened densities, water transport properties, electrical resistivity, abrasion resistance, calcium leaching potential, and sulfate attack resistance. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was utilized to rank the mortar mixes and select VA and CS percentages for superior physical and durability performance. The TOPSIS model was also verified through a sensitivity analysis. Regression relationships were determined between different properties to validate and link the outcomes. The outcomes showed that substituting cement with VA at 10–20 % and CS at 0–5 % by mass, either solely or synergically, improved the performance of the mortar. CS incorporation alongside VA improved all properties except the resistance to aggressive environments. These findings highlight that it was possible to replace cement by up to 25 % by mass while achieving superior physical and durability performance, owing to the filler effect of the alternative binders, enhanced pozzolanic reaction, and wide-ranging particle size offered by the ternary system. This study contributes to the collective effort to create sustainable and low-carbon cementitious composites using alternative binders while also aligning with United Nations Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 9 (Infrastructure Resilience), SDG 12 (Waste Management), SDG 13 (Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing microbes and plants for bioremediation of heavy metal contaminants: Current paradigms and future perspectives","authors":"Anjuman Ayub ,&nbsp;Atif Khurshid Wani ,&nbsp;Suhaib Mohd Malik ,&nbsp;Mehvish Ayub ,&nbsp;Chirag Chopra ,&nbsp;Reena Singh ,&nbsp;Tabarak Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing contamination of the environment by heavy metals from industrial, agricultural, and urban activities cause significant risks to the ecosystems and human health. Heavy metals are toxic to aquatic life, plants, and microorganisms, worsening environmental degradation. However, various species have evolved natural detoxification mechanisms, making bioremediation an attractive strategy for environmental preservation. Bioremediation harnessing the natural detoxification capabilities of microorganisms and plants, has emerged as a sustainable and environment friendly alternative to traditional remediation methods. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria employ metabolic pathways to transform or sequester toxic metals, reducing their bioavailability, while certain plants uptake and accumulate heavy metals in their tissues for phytoremediation. The combined use of microbial consortia and plant systems enhances metal detoxification, stabilization, and uptake, offering improved efficiency across various environmental conditions. This study provides a comprehensive account of the recent advancements in the use of microorganisms and plants as sustainable strategies to detoxify heavy metal contaminants. It discusses the potential mechanisms employed by the microbes and plants to mineralize these emerging pollutants in the environment. Further we weigh the pros and cons of the plant and microbe-based remediation strategies, emphasizing their potential integration with conventional methods to develop comprehensive, sustainable solutions for heavy metal pollution control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-scale fisherfolk in Papua New Guinea: Perspectives on climate variability and its impact on coastal fishing operations and activities","authors":"Louis George Korowi ,&nbsp;Mubarak Mammel ,&nbsp;Baker Matovu ,&nbsp;Pei-Ting Huang ,&nbsp;Ajith Raj ,&nbsp;Yao-Jen Hsiao ,&nbsp;Ming-An Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101221","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed at exploring climate variability and small-scale fishers’ perspectives on how climate variability impacts fishing operations in East New Britain (ENB) province in Papua New Guinea. Climate data from 2000 to 2020 and participatory interactions with 80 fishers in three fishing villages of ENB were utilized and conducted. Findings revealed that traditionally, small-scale fisheries (SSF) of ENB have sustained the livelihoods of coastal and island communities for millennia. However, the projected impacts of climate change (CC) are posing significant challenges to fishers, yet limited research has explored the plight of SSF, and fishers, including their knowledge of CC variability. Coastal livelihoods and activities are dependent on fishing and fishing knowledge that is cross-generational. Women and renowned fishers (with unique fish harvesting skills) are critical actors, e.g., in identifying historically rich fishing grounds, and helping fishers or local communities in fishing activities and community festivals, e.g., conventional marriages. Fishing is a sociocultural identity, and this has led to emphasis on sustainable fishing practices by fishers and some key stakeholders, e.g., on the utilization of eco-friendly gear, wooden fences, marking of fish migratory routes, and stone traps. However, the fishers population is ageing. During peak fishing seasons that last one week per month, and depending on the fishing method, fishers earn between 300 and 1500 &lt;em&gt;Kina&lt;/em&gt; (72–359 USD) daily. Increasing socioecological shifts were reported, including reducing fish economic value, changing fishing locations, and declining catch. Since 2000, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have increased by about 1 °C and in December 2020, SST reached 30.20 °C, with the northern and eastern coastal zones of PNG being greatly affected. Fishers reported four critical concerns that affect their livelihoods and which could increase their vulnerability to human-environmental risks. 65 % of fishers are uncertain or have limited knowledge on CC, climate variability, its drivers, and associated impacts. Fishers emphasized fourteen perspectives that could mitigate the increasing socioecological shocks and vulnerabilities they face. Most of the perspectives cut across socio-cultural, economic, institutional, and environmental domains of sustainable fishing practices. Five starting points for sustainability transformations for policy and research are recommended including: (1) education programs on ecological processes, fishers’ local socioecological knowledge and climate variability, (2) collaborative stakeholder engagements in CC-policy design and community adaptation and mitigation actions, (3) integrated socio-ecological approaches on marine resource management, cost-benefit sharing, and co-management, (4) capacity-building programs and initiatives, and (5) proactive national-level prioritization of coastal and island fishers’ rights. Although fishers i","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of native–invasive pollinator competition in urban green space","authors":"Szilvia Kisvarga ,&nbsp;Katalin Horotán ,&nbsp;András Neményi ,&nbsp;Jana Táborská ,&nbsp;Zsanett Istvánfi ,&nbsp;László Orlóci","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization and climate change jointly disrupt urban vegetation by altering phenological cycles, increasing vulnerability to pests and diseases, and causing habitat fregmantation. These changes reduce essential ecosystem services—such as temperature regulation, air purification, and flood mitigation—and contribute to broader biodiversity decline. Pollinators, which rely on continuous floral resources, are especially vulnerable in urban environments. Invasive pollinator species intensify resource scarcity through exploitative behaviors (e.g., monopolizing nectar and pollen) and interference actions (e.g., aggressive exclusion), thereby reducing foraging opportunities and reproductive success among native taxa. This review synthesizes recent studies that elucidate the mechanisms underlying competition between native and invasive pollinators in urban ecosystems. We evaluate how urban policy instruments— such as integrated pest management protocols, native plant mandates, and pollinator-friendly zoning—shape vegetation composition and pollinator assemblages. Evidence shows that eradicating invasive flora, followed by the establishment of diverse native plantings, significantly elevates native pollinator richness within two years. Moreover, nesting infrastructures tailored to the life‐history traits of indigenous bees selectively enhances native recruitment while deterring exotic cavity‐nesters. Finally, we emphasize adaptive management frameworks that integrate real-time monitoring technologies (e.g., computer vision systems) and stakeholder engagement to sustain resilient pollination networks amid increasing environmental pressures. By bridging ecological theory with practical policy recommendations, this review offers a strategic framework for balancing urban development with the conservation of native pollinator communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological environment protection and governance for rural revitalization in Lijiang River Basin, China: A case study on Qingshitan reservoir","authors":"Liuyi Yang ,&nbsp;Haijon Gunggut ,&nbsp;Howe Eng Tang ,&nbsp;Haidy Henry Dusim ,&nbsp;Tianze Huo ,&nbsp;Xizi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenchang Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to Qingshitan Reservoir area’s unique geographical location, it plays a crucial role in the overall ecological environment protection of the Lijiang River Basin. However, there is a lack of research on the ecological environment of the Qingshitan reservoir area in the field of law. To address these gaps, this study aims to examine rural environmental protection and environmental governance in the Lijiang River Basin, highlighting the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to administer a questionnaire and conduct interviews in the Qingshitan Reservoir areas. The questionnaire was completed by 95 samples chosen via a cluster sampling method, whereas 15 interviewees were selected through a convenience sampling method. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis and thematic analysis were performed. The results indicated a crucial need to improve the coordination of legislation, balance economic growth and environmental protection, boost water pollution management, develop eco-tourism and ecological products, and promote ecological compensation policies. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictors influencing ecological quality of the rural areas in the Lijiang River Basin include active local participation in environmental protection, effective multi-department collaborative management, law and regulation protection, and involvement of public. Concerning key methodology, future research should include a larger sample of hundreds of respondents from all regions. Additionally, questionnaire and interview items should be tailored according to the ecological conditions of the central and lower regions of the Lijiang River Basin. Additional analysis of the legal framework for ecological conservation and rural governance should be conducted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative and temporal analysis of microplastic abundance and type in urban stormwater catchments","authors":"Wan Nadiah Amalina Kadir,&nbsp;Bojan Tamburic,&nbsp;Chung Yiin Wong,&nbsp;Richard M. Stuetz,&nbsp;Andrew P. Dansie","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stormwater from urban areas is a well-known pathway for the transportation of plastic and microplastic pollution to the world’s oceans. However, research on microplastic abundance in urban stormwater systems is still limited and understudied compared to the marine environment. Further, temporal changes in microplastic abundance are rarely considered with the majority of studies reporting on one sampling event only. This study investigated the temporal distribution and polymer type of microplastic particles (&gt;20 μm and &lt;5 mm). Three ponds located in Centennial Parklands, Sydney, Australia, that receive stormwater from different urban stormwater catchments were sampled over an eight-week period. A total of 1511 particles were collected and identified according to shape and polymer type. The abundance of microplastic particles in the water samples ranged from 3.1 to 11.9 particles/L. The results showed no significant difference in plastic particle count and type among the ponds from week to week; however, they indicate that ponds within Centennial Parklands are homogeneously polluted with a variety of microplastics. The abundances of microplastics found in these urban wetlands of Sydney were higher than those reported in areas of similar urbanization. Chlorinated polyethylene was the most common polymer in all sampled ponds, at 64 % to 97.5 % of particles, while fragments being the most common microplastic particle shape observed during sampling. Temporal investigation of microplastic transport into the environment is needed to develop effective management and mitigation strategies. Long-term and ongoing microplastic monitoring in stormwater is recommended to derive an accurate estimation of its contribution to global microplastic pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on microplastics in mammalian feces: Monitoring techniques and associated challenges","authors":"Sarawut Sangkham ,&nbsp;Worradorn Phairuang ,&nbsp;Pornpun Sakunkoo ,&nbsp;Anh Tuan Ta","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global ecosystem is facing a rapidly escalating contamination issue with microplastics (MPs), which has raised concerns about human exposure and potential health effects. This review focuses on MP contamination in mammalian feces and evaluates current monitoring techniques and associated challenges. In humans, the most prevalent MP polymers identified in human feces include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), and polyurethane (PU). Additionally, PET and PC were found in the feces of dogs and cats, too. In harbor seal feces, the identified polymer types included cellophane, rubber, alkyd resin, and ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM). This review determined that the size of the MPs in human feces ranged from 1 µm to 5000 µm. The detection of MPs in the feces of humans and other mammals suggests that fecal MP monitoring can be used as a non-invasive biomonitoring approach to assess exposure levels and enhance environmental health surveillance. Understanding the extent of MP ingestion among organisms is crucial, considering the bioaccumulative nature of plastic pollution that currently threatens global ecosystems. Consistent monitoring of MPs in the feces of several organisms can help identify health risks and inform environmental policies aimed at reducing plastic waste and its associated impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability of shallot farming system in lowland Central Java Province, Indonesia: MICMAC analysis approach","authors":"Dewi Sahara ,&nbsp;Umi Karomah Yaumidin ,&nbsp;Tota Suhendrata ,&nbsp;Cahyati Setiani ,&nbsp;Jajuk Aneka Beti ,&nbsp;Triyani Dewi ,&nbsp;Andi Yulyani Fadwiwati ,&nbsp;Idaryani ,&nbsp;Atman ,&nbsp;Yardha ,&nbsp;Edwen Waas ,&nbsp;Robet Asnawi ,&nbsp;Amiruddin Syam","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallot farming in Central Java thrives in lowlands due to faster harvests and higher productivity. However, its sustainability faces climate change, water scarcity, pests, price fluctuations, and limited resources and technology. This study aims to determine the key factors for the sustainability of the shallot farming system in the lowlands of Central Java Province. The study was conducted in Brebes Regency with 21 respondents, Demak (38 respondents), Pati (32 respondents), and Grobogan (20 respondents). Primary data obtained using survey methods, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) from 111 shallot farmers were used for data analysis. The data analysis method used structural analysis of the Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC). The results showed that there were 16 variables from four dimensions: environment, economy, society, and technology. The analysis results show that knowledge, culture, and weather are key factors that directly determine the sustainability of the shallot farming system in the lowlands of Central Java Province; the weather shifts from quadrant I to quadrant II, indicating long-term instability. The variables of pest and disease control, water availability, and productivity show a strong indirect relationship between variables. This condition shows the importance of adjusting long-term strategies to face changes for the sustainability of shallot farming. Smart farming technology (drip irrigation, superior varieties, and integrated pest management), as well as increasing farmer knowledge and culture, are innovative steps for the sustainability of the shallot farming system in the lowlands of Central Java Province.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10): A silent catalyst for chronic lung diseases in India; a comprehensive review","authors":"Deepak Chandra Joshi ,&nbsp;Pooja Negi ,&nbsp;Suprabha Devi ,&nbsp;Himanshu Lohani ,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar ,&nbsp;Madhu Gupta ,&nbsp;Long Chiau Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review assesses the role of microparticles (PM2.5 and PM10) as a silent yet pivotal cause of chronic lung disease in India. It explores these pollutants' sources, composition, and health effects while providing an overview of regulations, public health consequences, and areas requiring further research. A critical appraisal of validated sources, including government reports, peer-reviewed literature, and environmental databases, was conducted, focusing on the past five years of PM levels in Indian cities and their association with chronic lung disease. The study investigates pathways of lung injury through oxidative stress, inflammation, and sustained respiratory impairment. Findings reveal that PM2.5 and PM10 levels in both urban and rural areas frequently exceed WHO guidelines, particularly in major cities, contributing to increased cases of COPD, asthma, lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. The most vulnerable groups, including children and the elderly, bear a disproportionately high disease burden. Furthermore, PM pollution places a significant strain on India's healthcare system due to rising treatment costs and diminished quality of life. As particulate matter remains a critical public health issue affecting respiratory health and healthcare resources, urgent policy interventions, technological advancements, and grassroots initiatives are necessary to mitigate its impact. Additional scientific research is needed to bridge gaps in understanding PM's long-term health effects and develop advanced monitoring systems for better air quality management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a digital model of the UKCS using Smart City concepts","authors":"Samuel R. Cauvin ,&nbsp;Kate Gormley ,&nbsp;Malcolm Stone ,&nbsp;Richard D. Neilson ,&nbsp;Marcin Kapitaniak","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) is a complex environment with an array of varied infrastructure and interests from many different parties. This makes it difficult for stakeholders to make informed decisions that consider all of these disparate interests and their associated data streams. To help alleviate this we are building, as part of a suite of tools called the Smart Energy Basin, a model of the UKCS and its many datasets based on Smart City concepts. With data spread across many disparate sources, this model creates a more complete picture of the UKCS to help drive stakeholder engagement, more informed decision making, and policy development. This model comprises both 2D maps of the UKCS, and fully modelled 3D scenes of several demonstrator areas in the UKCS. A model of this type and to this extent, to the knowledge of the authors, has not been built before, and certainly not in 3D. These 3D scenes are built in the Marine Simulator at the National Decommissioning Centre, a full-physics simulator with data visualisation capabilities. As part of this we have developed automated tools for creating these 3D scenes from 2D maps, which encapsulate many datasets covering infrastructure, zoning, emissions, and marine traffic. This work is being undertaken within the Scottish Government’s Data for Net Zero (D4NZ) project, funded through its Energy Transition Fund.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}