Environmental Challenges最新文献

Quantifying deforestation drivers through multi-temporal LULC analysis and population-forest correlation modeling: A case study of Dara Woreda, Ethiopia 基于时序LULC分析和种群-森林相关模型的森林砍伐驱动因素量化研究——以埃塞俄比亚Dara Woreda为例

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101163

Melion Kasahun

{"title":"Quantifying deforestation drivers through multi-temporal LULC analysis and population-forest correlation modeling: A case study of Dara Woreda, Ethiopia","authors":"Melion Kasahun","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel approach to analyzing deforestation in Dara Woreda, Ethiopia, by quantitatively modeling the correlation between population growth and forest cover decline using multi-temporal Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) data. Employing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing, the research rigorously collected and analyzed statistical and spatial data from satellite imagery, census records, and official reports. A key strength of this study lies in the precisely assessed accuracy of LULC classifications for 1990, 2005, and 2020, demonstrating a high level of agreement with reference data, thereby providing a robust foundation for understanding long-term changes. The findings reveal a significant and quantifiable decline in forest cover from 16.90 km² (6.76 %) in 1990 to 6.25 km² (2.50 %) by 2020, underscoring a substantial deforestation trend. Conversely, agricultural land significantly expanded from 113.37 km² (45.35 %) to 141.92 km² (56.77 %), highlighting the extent of natural ecosystem conversion. Notably, the study demonstrates a strong temporal correlation between the 87.2 % population growth in Dara Woreda between 1990 and 2020 and the corresponding 63.0 % degradation in forest cover during the same period. The most rapid deforestation (48.7 %) occurred between 1990 and 2005, suggesting the influence of specific socio-economic drivers during this time. While the rate of forest loss slowed between 2005 and 2020, the continued decline indicates persistent unsustainable land use practices. These temporally specific and quantitatively robust findings offer critical and novel insights for policymakers and stakeholders in Dara Woreda, providing a strong evidence base for the development and implementation of targeted sustainable land management strategies to effectively combat ongoing deforestation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil organic carbon (SOC) prediction using super learner algorithm based on the remote sensing variables 基于遥感变量的土壤有机碳（SOC）超级学习算法预测

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101160

Yeonpyeong Jo , Palash Panja , Hanseup Kim , Milind Deo

{"title":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) prediction using super learner algorithm based on the remote sensing variables","authors":"Yeonpyeong Jo , Palash Panja , Hanseup Kim , Milind Deo","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The absorption of carbon into the soil and its accurate monitoring is crucial for crop production rates and for mitigating global warming through increased carbon sequestration. Soil organic carbon (SOC) predictions using machine learning techniques have been actively researched because of their ability to handle non-linear relationships and predict accurately with limited prior assumptions about underlying mechanisms. However, the selection of appropriate machine learning methods remains a subject of debate, since each study area has unique data patterns, leading to various prediction performance across different algorithm types. To address these challenges, superlearner algorithm was employed to predict SOC with data from four U.S. states: Arkansas, Idaho, Nebraska, and Utah. Remote sensing variables derived from Sentinel-2 and ALOS PALSAR were used as predictors, with feature selection applied. Results indicated that the linear regression-based superlearner achieved higher accuracy (nRMSE: 7.6 %, R²: 0.804) compared to the random forest-based model (nRMSE: 8.3 %, R²: 0.768), likely due to its ability to better capture the specific data patterns through careful base learner selection and hyperparameter optimization. In contrast, the random forest-based model demonstrated low variance in accuracy across different base learner combinations. Both models were used to predict SOC at new locations in Salt Lake City, Utah, with the linear regression-based model showing more accurate prediction results (nRMSE: 52.9 %, RMSE: 0.48 % OC). This study of the selection of ML algorithms facilitates more reliable monitoring of SOC in various environmental circumstances, supporting establishment of strategies for addressing climate change and for agricultural production by quantifying SOC accurately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying sustainable rice farming strategies in the Mekong Delta through systems analysis 通过系统分析确定湄公河三角洲可持续水稻种植战略

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101165

Håkan Berg , Nguyen Thanh Tam , Thai Huynh Phuong Lan , Tran Xuan Long , Chau Thi Da

{"title":"Identifying sustainable rice farming strategies in the Mekong Delta through systems analysis","authors":"Håkan Berg , Nguyen Thanh Tam , Thai Huynh Phuong Lan , Tran Xuan Long , Chau Thi Da","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the sustainability of intensive rice monocropping (IRM) and integrated rice-fish (IRF) farming in the Vietnam Mekong Delta, through systems analysis. Stakeholder (SH) consultations and a literature review were conducted to construct a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), visualising the connections and effects of the two farming strategies across environmental, economic and social domains. 42 SHs, including farmers and scientists, assessed the impact of IRM and IRF on 42 interlinked CLD variables using a 5-point scale (-2 to 2). The SHs' scores were used to assess the farming strategies impact on 18 ecosystem services (ES) and the fulfilment of nine sustainable development goals (SDGs). The results show that IRM would have a negative impact on 14 ES, while IRF would have a positive impact on 17 ES. IRM was perceived to primarily have positive impacts on the rice yield and flood protection through an increased use of high dikes and agrochemicals, which however also was the main causes of the negative impacts on several other ES. IRF was perceived to have a positive effect on all SDGs, while IRM would only contribute to two and move away from seven SDGs. It is concluded that IRF provide a more sustainable alternative to IRM because it strengthens physical, ecological and social connections for an enhanced use of interlinked ES. This contributes to an increased productivity, farmers profit and wellbeing. IRF was also perceived to increase farming systems resilience, which is important for adapting to ongoing climate change and upstream dams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geospatial assessment of treeline shift in response to climate change in Langtang National Park, central Nepal 尼泊尔中部朗塘国家公园树线移动对气候变化响应的地理空间评价

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101155

Sijar Bhatta , Chandani KC , Raju Chauhan , Saraswati Aryal , Dipak Khadka , Ramesh Prasad Sapkota

{"title":"Geospatial assessment of treeline shift in response to climate change in Langtang National Park, central Nepal","authors":"Sijar Bhatta , Chandani KC , Raju Chauhan , Saraswati Aryal , Dipak Khadka , Ramesh Prasad Sapkota","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Himalayan region harbors diverse treeline species but remains highly sensitive to even minor climate fluctuations, leading to shifts in forest distribution and recruitment patterns. This study examines treeline dynamics in response to climate change in Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal, using remote sensing data, GIS techniques, and field observations. We assessed changes in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), forest coverage, and treeline positions from 2000 AD to 2018 AD. Statistical analyses, including regression modeling, Pearson correlation, and the Mann-Kendall trend test, were employed to quantify trends and relationships between climate variables and treeline shifts. Results indicate a significant upward advancement of the treeline at a rate of 3.73 m/year, with the average treeline elevation rising from 3,609.60 m during 2000 AD to 3,680.34 m during 2018 AD. Forest cover expanded accompanied by a notable increase in NDVI. Climate data revealed a significant warming trend, particularly in winter minimum temperatures (0.060°C/year). Treeline positions exhibited strong positive correlations with both maximum and minimum temperatures, while pre-monsoon rainfall showed a declining trend (-4.322 mm/year). These findings highlight climate warming, especially winter warming, as a primary driver of treeline advancement in LNP, with potential consequences for high-altitude ecosystems and biodiversity. This study provides insights into climate-induced vegetation shifts in the Himalayan region, offering valuable information for conservation planning and climate adaptation strategies. By quantifying treeline shifting rates and associated climatic influences, our research establishes a baseline for predicting future ecological changes in fragile mountain environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconsidering PAPER CUPS: Waste to value-added products 重新考虑纸杯：将废物转化为增值产品

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101156

Avni Kothari, Veena Dhayal

{"title":"Reconsidering PAPER CUPS: Waste to value-added products","authors":"Avni Kothari, Veena Dhayal","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today's environmentally conscious world, waste management and recycling are critical, especially for paper cups, which are ubiquitous in coffee shops, offices, and events. After the ban on plastic cups in many countries, the market for paper cups has seen a sudden spike. Although considered as a greener alternative than plastic cups, the recycling of paper cups possess a significant challenge due to the inner plastic lining, which makes the separation and recycling process more complex. Consequently, most of the used paper cups end up in the landfills, contributing to environmental pollution, resource depletion and causing a problem in the recycling of other paper-based items. The production of paper cups also has a substantial environmental footprint, involving deforestation, high water and energy consumption, increased carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions. Innovations in recycling technologies, such as biodegradable and compostable materials, and advanced facilities capable of separating plastic liners from paper, are emerging. But the success of these initiatives will require manufacturers to create more recyclable cups, consumers to treat and dispose of them appropriately, recycling facilities to invest in upgraded processes, and policymakers to back their efforts by enacting supportive regulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Willingness to pay for post-mining landscape restoration 愿意支付采矿后景观恢复费用

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101157

José Jeremias Ganhane

{"title":"Willingness to pay for post-mining landscape restoration","authors":"José Jeremias Ganhane","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the long-run impacts of mining-induced displacement and resettlement and uses the contingent valuation method to estimate displaced and resettled Mozambican households’ willingness to pay (measured in labour) to restore the landscape where they used to live before mining began there. Previous studies found that resettlement worsened the welfare of the communities affected, but these studies have generally been conducted shortly after the resettlements concerned had taken place while this study looks at longer-run impacts. The study results indicate that, on average, households were willing to contribute about nine working days per month. The results further indicate that resettled respondents had been adaptive and had used the monetary compensation they were given for resettlement to buy productive land to offset that lost due to resettlement. However, they still saw themselves as worse off than before their relocation. One explanation for this is that they are now far from marketplaces and the river, making it difficult to develop new sources of income and have access to water. Mitigation interventions and future resettlements should therefore think more carefully about selecting resettlement sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated spatio-temporal and environmental modelling of water scarcity in Saudi Arabia using shared socioeconomic pathways 利用共享的社会经济途径，沙特阿拉伯水资源短缺的综合时空和环境模型

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101151

Ai Likun , Mohammad Suhail , Mohd Nazish Khan , G․N․Tanjina Hasnat , Alikul Xudayberdiyevich Ravshanov , Usmanov Marufdjan

{"title":"Integrated spatio-temporal and environmental modelling of water scarcity in Saudi Arabia using shared socioeconomic pathways","authors":"Ai Likun , Mohammad Suhail , Mohd Nazish Khan , G․N․Tanjina Hasnat , Alikul Xudayberdiyevich Ravshanov , Usmanov Marufdjan","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saudi Arabia, one of the driest nations globally, faces increasing water scarcity due to rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization, agricultural expansion, and the impacts of climate change and global warming. This study assesses future water demand, supply, and stress in the Kingdom for the years 2030, 2050, and 2080 by applying three combinations of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs): SSP 1 RCP 2.6 (optimistic), SSP 3 RCP 7.0 (business as usual), and SSP 5 RCP 8.5 (pessimistic). The analysis includes baseline water depletion, interannual and seasonal variability, groundwater depletion, and water stress trends. Results demonstrate a clear temporal increase in water demand and stress, accompanied by diminishing water supply across all scenarios, with the optimistic scenario yielding the most favourable outcomes. Surprisingly, by 2080, the pessimistic scenario showed lower water demand, higher water supply, and reduced water stress compared to the business-as-usual model, likely driven by a projected decrease in population and cultivated area by century's end. Although water demand distribution remains relatively stable across time and scenarios, significant changes in water supply and stress patterns emerge. These findings suggest that Saudi Arabia will face escalating water scarcity, highlighting the urgent need for effective adaptation and mitigation strategies by policymakers to avert future water crises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How do pet food companies communicate sustainability practices on their websites? 宠物食品公司如何在其网站上宣传可持续发展实践？

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101154

Antonina Sparacino , Giulia Mastromonaco , Valentina Maria Merlino, Danielle Borra, Simone Blanc

{"title":"How do pet food companies communicate sustainability practices on their websites?","authors":"Antonina Sparacino , Giulia Mastromonaco , Valentina Maria Merlino, Danielle Borra, Simone Blanc","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of sustainability communication in pet food industry has changed, following similar trends observed in the food industry for human consumption, towards a marketing approach that incorporates different elements, including sustainability. This study explores how the biggest pet food companies in the United States (US) and European Union (EU) communicate their sustainability practices, with a focus on the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainability. Content analysis of pet food company websites, revealed environmental sustainability to be the dominant dimension in both geographic areas, with ecological topics such as water conservation, soil preservation and emissions reduction being emphasized the most. Aspects pertaining to social sustainability, including community support and respect for human rights, also appeared in the communication strategies, although to a lesser extent. The study identified significant differences between the communication strategies used in the two geographic areas. The approach adopted by European companies tended to be more structured and shaped by the regulations in place, reflecting the presence of more rigid non-financial reporting guidelines in this area, whereas companies in the United States displayed greater variability in their communication approaches, probably due to the lack of centralized regulations. Despite this, companies in the United States tended to place greater emphasis on collaborations and partnerships, in particular, on energy and emissions management. The findings contribute to furthering our understanding of how sustainability practices are being communicated in the pet food industry, offering a comparison of the two markets considered, and highlight the growing need for integrated, transparent communication strategies in the sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of climate change on the businesses of mountain guides in the Drakensberg 气候变化对德拉肯斯堡山区导游业务的影响

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101148

Gavin E.C. Heath

{"title":"Impacts of climate change on the businesses of mountain guides in the Drakensberg","authors":"Gavin E.C. Heath","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this article was to survey a select group of mountain guides operating in the Drakensberg, a subtropical highland climate area, in South Africa. This was to ascertain ways in which the group participants had noticed the effects of climate change and how these effects had affected their businesses over the last ten to twenty years (2003–2013–2023). There is growing literature on mountain guiding and climate change, primarily from the Western Alps of Europe but also including South and North America. Literature on mountain guides and climate change in Africa, by comparison, is very sparse indeed (this is the research gap). The literature focuses primarily on the observations of climate change and its effects, and the coping mechanisms employed by the guides. The methodology was to contact the guides and ascertain their observations of the effects climate change and how they were being forced to adapt their businesses. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire and follow-up questions. Following review, a number of other questions were posed to the guides. Research analysis comprised a thematic analysis of the questionnaires, to determine key issues and trends. The knowledge of climate change effects and the changed modus operandi of the guides did improve understanding of a tourism sector that is heavily dependent on a stable and relatively risk-free mountain environment. While the effects of climate change in the Drakensberg cannot be compared to those of heavily glaciated mountain environments, they nonetheless are occurring and affecting mountain-guiding businesses. Effects of climate change appear to be centred around the severity and timing of summer storms, increased erosion and less snow in gullies in winter. Recovery steps and initiatives were focused upon as pointers towards establishing a more resilient economic sub-sector. A number of recommendations regarding further research have been included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk assessment of heavy metals and pharmaceutically active compounds in river water from the central region of Peru 秘鲁中部地区河水中重金属和药物活性化合物的风险评估

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101152

María Custodio , Richard Peñaloza , Heidi De la Cruz

{"title":"Risk assessment of heavy metals and pharmaceutically active compounds in river water from the central region of Peru","authors":"María Custodio , Richard Peñaloza , Heidi De la Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and heavy metals can be released from various sources into water bodies and cause water contamination and possible damage to aquatic biota. This study evaluated the risk of heavy metals and PhACs in river water from the central region of Peru. Water samples were collected from the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Mantaro, Chia, Cunas, Shullcas and Miraflores rivers, according to the method of analysis. The highest levels of most PhACs, including caffeine (4.15e+03 ng/L) and acetaminophen (2.64e+03 ng/L) were recorded at the Shullcas River. The level of arsenic (1.50e₋02 mg/L) in the Mantaro River and zinc (1.36e₋01 mg/L) in the Shullcas exceeded the safety limits for drinking water (0.01 mg/L and 3.0 mg/L, respectively). Apical hazard ratings (HQ) indicated potential risks. Nicotine and caffeine in the Shullcas River reached maximum HQs of 0.1247 and 0.3459, respectively. Copper represented the highest risk among heavy metals, with a maximum HQ of 2.015 in the Mantaro River. Cluster analysis grouped PhACs, and heavy metals and principal component analysis (PCA) differentiated ecotoxicological effects on organisms and rivers. The detection of elevated concentrations of carbamazepine, caffeine, copper and arsenic, exceeding safety thresholds, underscores the urgent need to improve water resource management practices in the region. Therefore, the high apical HQ values in these rivers suggest a significant risk to aquatic biota, especially to sensitive species such as crustaceans and fish. The detection of elevated concentrations of carbamazepine, caffeine, copper and arsenic, which exceed safety thresholds, underscores the urgent need to improve water resource management practices in the region. Therefore, the high apical HQ values in these rivers suggest a significant risk to aquatic biota, especially to sensitive species such as crustaceans and fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0