Environmental Challenges最新文献

{"title":"Developing habitat suitability models for the endangered plant species Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian using management data: Application of Bayesian belief network","authors":"Seyed Mohammad-Reza Abolmaali,&nbsp;Hossein Bashari,&nbsp;Mostafa Tarkesh","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation of endangered species is very important for maintaining native biodiversity. Management priorities, like climate change, is effective in the distribution of endangered species. To develop effective management and conservation strategies for the future, it is necessary to understand the current species potential distributions. However, for most species, few data are available on their current distributions, let alone on projected future distributions. Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian is an endemic perennial and medicinal forb species. The evaluation of <em>K. odoratissima</em>'s conservation status places it within the Endangered (EN) category according to the IUCN classification. We demonstrated the benefits of Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) for predicting the distribution of endangered and medicinal <em>K. odoratissima</em> species using expert opinion. An influence diagram was developed to recognize the important factors influencing habitat suitability <em>K. odoratissima</em>, and it was populated with probabilities to produce a BBNs model. The behavior of the model was examined using sensitivity analysis. Environmental suitability, management condition, climate suitability, utilization time and levels were identified as the main variables influencing habitat suitability of <em>K. odoratissima</em>. The generated BBNs model had good accuracy because the ROC area under the curve was 0.918. We aim to demonstrate the ability of this approach to integrate field studies with expert knowledge, especially when empirical data are lacking. The BBNs model excels at illustrating species-habitat relationships and rapidly estimating habitat suitability, serving as a valuable tool for conservationists and decision-makers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquaculture-related livelihood changes due to climate and non-climate stressors and well-being of residents in coastal communities","authors":"Piyapong Janmaimool ,&nbsp;Siriphan Nunsunanon ,&nbsp;Thamma-aphiphol Kriengsak","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to analyze the changes in aquaculture-related livelihoods due to environmental changes that have occurred over the past 57 years in the coastal communities of Bang Khun Thian District, Bangkok, Thailand. Additionally, the study sought to evaluate the well-being of residents currently residing in these coastal communities and its significant determinants. The study employed mixed methods. In-depth interviews with six community leaders and twelve residents, along with documentary reviews, were conducted to analyze the process of aquaculture-related livelihood changes. Subsequently, questionnaire surveys with 177 residents were administered in July 2024. Chronological analysis based on documentary reviews and in-depth interviews was conducted to examine changes in livelihood strategies over time, from 1967 to the present (2024). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to test the association between residents’ well-being and relevant factors, including livelihood-related variables, socio-demographic characteristics, and individual resilience to undesirable events. The results demonstrated that, due to changes in environmental quality (e.g., contaminated water resources, soil pollution, the introduction of invasive species, and loss of mangrove forests) and the occurrence of environmental hazards (e.g., heavy rainfall, high water temperatures, sea-level rise, and land erosion), communities’ natural assets deteriorated. Several households shifted their livelihood strategies from pure aquaculture to partial aquaculture or non-aquaculture livelihoods. Some households maintained pure aquaculture livelihoods by adopting adaptation strategies in aquaculture practices but were largely unsuccessful in coping with environmental hazards. The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that residents with pure aquaculture livelihoods were more likely to experience low levels of well-being. Furthermore, low well-being was also associated with larger family sizes, low household incomes, and low levels of financial, environmental, and social resilience to undesirable shocks. Therefore, it could be suggested that, amid environmental crises in the area, livelihood diversification is essential for pure-fishery households, particularly those with larger family sizes. Building financial, social, and environmental resilience should also be promoted to enhance residents’ well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of smart green tourism technologies in shaping tourist intentions: Balancing authenticity and sustainability in natural tourism","authors":"Sureerut Inmor ,&nbsp;Khahan Na-Nan ,&nbsp;Kanakarn Phanniphong ,&nbsp;Nutt Jaturat ,&nbsp;Matěj Kůstka","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses a critical gap in understanding how smart green tourism technologies (SGTT) shape tourist intentions in natural tourism settings by integrating Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Unlike previous research that primarily examines SGTT in urban tourism, this study uniquely investigates its application in diverse natural tourism contexts. Grounded in these two theoretical perspectives, the research explores the extent to which smart technologies influence tourists' revisit intentions, recommendations, and the intention to buy local products, with particular attention to the differential effects of each smart tourism component. The study addresses the theoretical gap regarding the extent to which smart technologies enhance or detract from the authenticity of natural tourism experiences, while also promoting sustainable behaviors. Furthermore, this research contributes to the debate on the paradox of technology in tourism by examining how the introduction of SGTT can either enhance or undermine authenticity. By differentiating between the roles of STH, STE, and STS, the study provides empirical insights into how different types of smart tourism technologies—particularly service-based platforms— may influence sustainable choices while preserving or challenging perceived authenticity. Using a sample of 400 tourists in Thailand, the research employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationships between natural tourism types, smart technologies, and tourist intentions. The findings reveal that while Smart Tourism Services (STS) significantly enhance tourist intentions, Smart Tourism Hubs (STH) and Smart Tourism Experiences (STE) demonstrate more limited or non-significant influence, suggesting their impact may depend heavily on context and user expectations. This nuanced perspective advances theoretical discourse by demonstrating that different smart tourism technologies yield varying levels of influence on tourist behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the impact mechanism of digital economy spatial network on regional carbon footprint","authors":"Xuezhi Liu,&nbsp;Siyu Wu,&nbsp;Tong Yue,&nbsp;Wendai Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study utilizes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces for 2013–2021 and constructs a modified gravity model to quantitatively assess regional digital economy connections. We explore how the characteristics of the digital economy spatial network (Hereinafter referred to as “DESN”), including its node centrality, affect regional carbon footprints (Hereinafter referred to as “CF”). The results indicate: (1) the development of DESN can significantly reduce regional CF, and this conclusion remains valid after various robustness tests; (2) the effect of DECN on regional CF varies depending on the differences in resource endowments between provinces, whether the province is located along the Yangtze River Economic Belt (Hereinafter referred to as “YREB”), and the constraints of local government environmental governance targets; and (3) the DESN can effectively reduce regional CF through green technology innovation (Hereinafter referred to as “GTI”), upgrading industry structure (Hereinafter referred to as “IS”), optimizing energy structure (Hereinafter referred to as “ES”), lowering energy consumption (Hereinafter referred to as “EC”), and improving marketization levels (Hereinafter referred to as “ML”), according to mechanism tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological dilemma: Invasive Gliricidia sepium improves carbon sequestration but decline diversity during secondary succession in tropical dry deciduous forest communities of Central India","authors":"Pranab Kumar Pati,&nbsp;Priya Kaushik,&nbsp;Mohammed Latif Khan,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar Khare","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive species, the ecosystem engineers can act as one of the important solutions to curtail the negative impacts of climate change by rapidly sequestering CO₂ in forests, due to their higher production function capability and survivability under extreme environmental conditions and/or nutrient poor soil. Assessment of their impacts on ecosystems, particularly in secondary forests could provide valuable insights on their usability in restoration programs during the present decade of ecosystem restoration. In the present study, we have assessed the impacts of invasive <em>Gliricidia sepium</em> on carbon sequestration rate and biodiversity during the secondary succession in forest communities by conducting field investigations in <em>Gliricidia</em> invaded and uninvaded secondary forests. Results of the present study showed that invaded forest community was significantly higher in stem density (1059.2 ± 37.94 individuals/ha), total biomass (94.45±10.27 Mg/ha) and carbon sequestration rate (8.01±1.50 Mg C/ha/yr) as compared to the uninvaded forest community. In invaded forest community, <em>Gliricidia</em> alone contributed 56.99 % to total biomass which is significantly higher than the other dominant and codominant species. Structural equation modelling clearly indicated that <em>Gliricidia</em> invasion had impacted carbon sequestration rate both directly and indirectly; however, the latter was mediated by stem density. In the present study, we found that second-growth forests invaded by <em>Gliricidia</em> although quickly accumulated carbon, it impeded biodiversity. We suggest that the plantation of invasive species might create obstruction to achieve the goals of REDD+ and UN resolutions on ecosystem restoration. Further, occupation of vacant niches by inducting early successional natives might act as an important way for sustainable ecosystem restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic economic valuation of coastal wetland restoration: A nature-based solution for climate and biodiversity","authors":"Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Chris C. Tanner ,&nbsp;Paula Holland ,&nbsp;Zoe Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the dynamic linkage between coastal wetland restoration and the resulting economic benefits, with a focus on nonmarket values such as climate regulation and biodiversity conservation. Coastal wetlands are recognised as highly effective natural carbon sinks, offering significant ecosystem services that contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. By utilising a modelling framework that integrates ecological recovery processes and economic valuations over a 100-year period, we provide insights into optimising long-term returns from wetland restoration. This study emphasises the importance of accounting for the temporal dynamics of ecosystem recovery, highlighting the lag between restoration activities and full ecosystem functionality. Our findings highlight the importance of nature-based solutions in global climate finance strategies and emphasise the need for more accurate, targeted investment in wetland restoration. This approach ensures that resources are allocated efficiently over time, maximising the benefits of enhancing coastal resilience and achieving long-term climate goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-smart and risk-resilient adaptation strategies for potato production: a meta-analysis for South Asia","authors":"M.A. Ansari ,&nbsp;Himanshu Joshi ,&nbsp;Priyanka Mehta ,&nbsp;Aniket Deo ,&nbsp;Kaushik Bora ,&nbsp;C.A. Rama Rao ,&nbsp;V.K. Singh ,&nbsp;N. Ravisankar ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Raghavendra Singh ,&nbsp;S.K. Bandyopadhyay ,&nbsp;Pramod K. Aggarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change presents formidable risks to potato production in South Asia, a region pivotal to global food security and regional economic stability. South Asia’s potato production is particularly vulnerable to increasing climatic threats, such as terminal heat, erratic rainfall, and other climate-induced hazards that jeopardize agricultural sustainability. Despite these escalating risks, there is a critical gap in knowledge regarding the effectiveness of climate-smart adaptation strategies tailored for potato cultivation in this context. This study synthesizes data from 95 research papers across four South Asian countries (India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka), assessing the impacts of key climate hazards and the corresponding adaptation strategies to mitigate risks. Using a structured synthesis and random-effect meta-analysis, this research evaluated the effectiveness of various strategies in enhancing potato production. Results indicated substantial yield improvements with mulching (28.30%), planting date adjustments (28.11%), stress-tolerant genotypes (23.22%), and irrigation management (22.86%), demonstrating their transformative potential. However, the high variability observed in strategies like mulching (τ² = 11.60) and organic farming (τ² = 7.23) highlights the necessity for site-specific customization, while consistent outcomes in intercropping, nutrient management, crop rotation, and stress tolerance (τ² = 0.00) confirm their broad applicability. The absence of significant publication bias (Egger p-value &gt; 0.05) and robust sensitivity analyses validate the reliability of these findings. The study underscores the urgent need for localized adaptation strategies, strengthened policy frameworks, and long-term research to build climate-resilient potato production systems and secure sustainable agricultural practices across South Asia amidst growing climate challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Wildfire area and PM2.5 levels on the Prevalence of Mental disorders in Thailand","authors":"Weerapat Emprasertsuk ,&nbsp;Amarit Tansawet ,&nbsp;Romen Samuel Rodis Wabina ,&nbsp;Chaiyawat Suppasilp","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Association between wildfire and health outcomes has usually been studied based on major wildfire events. However, studies on chronic wildfire activity, especially studies of the effects that mediate through particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), remain limited. This study aims to investigate the association between wildfire area and satellite-derived PM2.5 levels over years with the prevalence of mental disorders across Thailand. Data were obtained from secondary sources for the years 2015 to 2023, aggregated at the provincial level annually. Poisson regression models with robust standard errors, clustered by province, were employed to estimate prevalence ratios (PR). To estimate indirect effects of wildfire through PM2.5, mediation analyses were conducted for disorders that showed significant associations. The findings showed significant associations of wildfire exposure and prevalence of dementia (PR = 1.010), alcohol dependence (PR= 1.007), stimulant dependence (PR= 1.009), other substance dependence (PR= 1.008), bipolar disorder (PR= 1.008), depressive disorders (PR= 1.012), anxiety disorders (PR= 1.008), other mental disorders (PR= 1.009), and suicide attempts (PR = 1.009), with all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05. Despite the significant correlation between wildfire exposure and PM2.5, mediation analysis revealed that wildfires exert direct effects on mental disorders, rather than through the PM2.5 pathway. In conclusion, wildfire may play an important role in the occurrence of mental disorders. Enhanced wildfire monitoring and mitigation efforts should be prioritized to potentially reduce the prevalence of mental disorders, rather than relying solely on air pollution levels for public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible light-driven removal of methylene blue through photocatalytic reaction using CuFe2O4/N-TiO2","authors":"Abda Nurhaqi ,&nbsp;Badrut Tamam Ibnu Ali ,&nbsp;Riki Subagyo ,&nbsp;Herlina Rasyid ,&nbsp;Rani Maharani ,&nbsp;Christina Wahyu Kartikowati ,&nbsp;Dewi Umaningrum ,&nbsp;Sri Fatmawati ,&nbsp;Ratna Ediati ,&nbsp;Triyanda Gunawan ,&nbsp;Retno Asih ,&nbsp;Syafsir Akhlus ,&nbsp;Yuly Kusumawati","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CuFe₂O₄/N-TiO₂ photocatalyst was used for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light. Various characterisation techniques were performed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM). UV-DRS results showed a reduced TiO₂ bandgap after nitrogen doping and addition of CuFe₂O₄. The photocatalytic removal of MB was achieved 98.7 % after 180 min irradiation for nitrogen doped TiO₂ (N-TiO₂). The addition of CuFe₂O₄ improved the magnetic properties. The optimal composition of 5 % CuFe₂O₄/N-TiO₂, exhibited good magnetic properties and 97.56 % of MB removal efficiency. The 5 % CuFe₂O₄/N-TiO₂ also exhibit maintaining over 90 % of MB removal efficiency across three cycles process. The proposed degradation pathway was presented based on Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (LCMS). Based on the obtained results, 5 % CuFe₂O₄/N-TiO₂ can be proposed as photocatalyst for MB removal and its magnetic properties is beneficial for quick separation from the solution after photocatalytic process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamflow forecasting using machine learning for flood management and mitigation in the White Volta basin of Ghana","authors":"JosephineThywill Katsekpor ,&nbsp;Klaus Greve ,&nbsp;Edmund I. Yamba","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods are a major threat to livelihoods and infrastructure in the White Volta basin of Ghana. Providing accurate streamflow information is essential for flood management and mitigation. This study, for the first time, used machine learning algorithms, specifically the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Random Forest (RF), trained on rainfall, temperature, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration data to predict streamflow at 1, 5, and 10-day intervals in the White Volta basin. The study further used these models (RF and LSTM) to forecast future streamflow using CMIP6 SSP5–8.5 scenario data. The model’s output was mainly evaluated using Mean Absolute Error, Mean Bias Error, and Kling-Gupta Efficiency. The result showed high variability in the streamflow, and both models performed well in capturing these variabilities. LSTM performed better in capturing peak flows, whereas RF provided stable long-term predictions for up to 10 days. The future predictions also showed high variability in streamflow, suggesting an increased risk of floods and droughts in the White Volta basin. Given that these models can capture the timings of streamflow (seasonal patterns and peaks), they are well-positioned to provide accurate and reliable forecasts to support effective flood risk management and mitigation in the basin. These models can be extended to similar basins, offering a replicable and sustainable framework for proactive flood early warnings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}