Visible light-driven removal of methylene blue through photocatalytic reaction using CuFe2O4/N-TiO2

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI:10.1016/j.envc.2025.101180

Abda Nurhaqi , Badrut Tamam Ibnu Ali , Riki Subagyo , Herlina Rasyid , Rani Maharani , Christina Wahyu Kartikowati , Dewi Umaningrum , Sri Fatmawati , Ratna Ediati , Triyanda Gunawan , Retno Asih , Syafsir Akhlus , Yuly Kusumawati

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Abstract

CuFe₂O₄/N-TiO₂ photocatalyst was used for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light. Various characterisation techniques were performed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM). UV-DRS results showed a reduced TiO₂ bandgap after nitrogen doping and addition of CuFe₂O₄. The photocatalytic removal of MB was achieved 98.7 % after 180 min irradiation for nitrogen doped TiO₂ (N-TiO₂). The addition of CuFe₂O₄ improved the magnetic properties. The optimal composition of 5 % CuFe₂O₄/N-TiO₂, exhibited good magnetic properties and 97.56 % of MB removal efficiency. The 5 % CuFe₂O₄/N-TiO₂ also exhibit maintaining over 90 % of MB removal efficiency across three cycles process. The proposed degradation pathway was presented based on Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (LCMS). Based on the obtained results, 5 % CuFe₂O₄/N-TiO₂ can be proposed as photocatalyst for MB removal and its magnetic properties is beneficial for quick separation from the solution after photocatalytic process.

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CuFe2O4/N-TiO2光催化反应去除亚甲基蓝

采用CuFe2O4/N-TiO2光催化剂在可见光下脱除亚甲基蓝（MB）染料。进行了各种表征技术，包括x射线衍射（XRD），紫外漫反射光谱（UV- drs），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）。UV-DRS结果表明，氮掺杂和CuFe2O4后TiO2带隙减小。氮掺杂TiO2 （N-TiO2）经过180 min的光催化处理，对MB的去除率达到98.7%。CuFe2O4的加入改善了磁性能。最佳配比为5% CuFe2O4/N-TiO2，具有良好的磁性能和97.56%的MB去除率。5% CuFe2O4/N-TiO2在三个循环过程中也保持了90%以上的MB去除效率。提出了基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术的降解途径。基于上述结果，可以提出5% CuFe2O4/N-TiO2作为光催化剂去除MB，其磁性能有利于光催化过程后与溶液的快速分离。

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