Environmental Challenges最新文献

{"title":"Facing climate change complexity: microclimate and distribution range dynamics revealed by long-term monitoring of the kaiser mountain newt (Neurergus kaiseri) in Iran","authors":"Peyman Karami ,&nbsp;Sajad Tavakoli ,&nbsp;Mina Esmaeili","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2026.101444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2026.101444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pressures demand effective habitat conservation through systematic, long-term monitoring of key ecological indicators. In this study, seasonal averages of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were derived from MODIS data (2003–2024) and categorized into winter, spring, summer, and autumn. LST data were downscaled using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) with NDVI, while the Vegetation Health Index (VHI)—a drought indicator—was analyzed.</div><div>Long-term seasonal trends and seasonal anomalies were identified using the Mann-Kendall test (95 % significance) and median absolute deviation, with the Elbow method quantifying anomaly extents. Seasonal cycles were further evaluated by comparing standardized Z-score values, and long-term microclimate patterns were characterized through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of time-series VHI, LST, and topographic variables. Additionally, Random Forest Regression (RFR) assessed the influence of environmental factors on microclimate fluctuations.</div><div>Findings reveal that increasing summer and autumn LST trends affected 4314.78 and 2761.12 km² of suitable habitat, with 58 and 33 population cores exhibiting rising trends, respectively. Fall is warming up, and southern demographics are experiencing rising trends in LST and VHI. Notably, LST and VHI anomalies covered smaller habitat areas than overall LST trends, with the sharpest long-term seasonal shifts observed from winter to autumn. RFR results indicate that these microclimates are primarily driven by topography-related factors, including the Compound Topographic Index and openness measures.</div><div>Our integrated analysis of vegetation and temperature trends offers a robust framework for conservation planning by pinpointing habitats most vulnerable to climate-induced changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early ecological outcomes of assisted natural regeneration are strongly site-dependent: Evidence from the Philippines","authors":"Tomiwa V. Oluwajuwon,&nbsp;Robin L. Chazdon,&nbsp;Liz Ota,&nbsp;Nestor Gregorio,&nbsp;John Herbohn","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2026.101433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2026.101433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assisted natural regeneration (ANR) offers a promising strategy to restore native vegetation after deforestation or severe degradation. However, limited studies have evaluated its ecological impacts, especially across growth stages and incorporating broader ecological attributes. This study assessed ANR outcomes in two regions of the Philippines and examined the roles of remnant vegetation, topography, and soil on native vegetation recovery. We established 50 plots of 0.05 ha across two study sites (Bohol – 20 and Zambales – 30), equally divided between ANR (with weeding and firebreaks implemented in 2017) and adjacent natural regeneration areas of similar history but without ANR interventions (UNR). We sampled woody vegetation across three size classes (i.e., seedlings, saplings, and trees) to compare ecological metrics between treatments after controlling for environmental covariates, and used fixed-effects models to evaluate environmental and landscape drivers of recovery. Within 7 years of recovery, ANR generally promoted more recruitment of endemic, native, zoochorous, and secondary species, whereas UNR plots recruited more exotic and pioneer species. However, effects on species diversity, composition, forest structure, and biomass were strongly site-dependent: ANR effects were strong and positive across all size classes in Bohol but weak, inconsistent, or absent in Zambales. Multivariate analyses further revealed that remnant tree density was the strongest environmental/landscape predictor of forest recovery in Bohol, whereas distance to forest fragments was the strongest predictor in Zambales. Soil variables and aspect affected specific ecological metrics in both sites. While trees and saplings responded predictably to different environmental factors, seedlings exhibited more stochastic relationships in both sites. Our findings show that low-cost ANR interventions, such as firebreaks and grass removal, can enhance native tree species diversity, biomass, and structure of degraded forests, but their effectiveness varies with biotic legacies, abiotic conditions, and landscape contexts. It may take longer for positive outcomes of ANR to emerge in harsher environments. Restoration planning and monitoring should consider these factors to ensure ANR effectiveness and promote long-term forest resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate action strategies for sustainable rainfed agricultural systems in Southern India: Economic and crop modeling insights","authors":"V.S. Manivasagam ,&nbsp;P.R. Anuranj ,&nbsp;S. Parvathy ,&nbsp;Raida Rasheed ,&nbsp;S. Adithya Krishna ,&nbsp;P.R. Akhil ,&nbsp;Gautham Prakash ,&nbsp;Sudheesh Manalil ,&nbsp;Tamilarasu Arivelarasan","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2026.101412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2026.101412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disrupted rainfall patterns and rising temperature anomalies pose significant threats to global food security, particularly by increasing the risk of crop failures and reducing agricultural productivity in rainfed systems. This study evaluates the future feasibility of practicing rainfed cropping in peninsular India by introducing a novel crop viability index, derived from the latest CMIP6 climate projections and the CROPWAT model. Based on this index, the regions are grouped into four distinct zones from safe to high-risk zone of rainfed cultivation. The study further examines the impact of seven field-scale climate adaptation strategies on sustaining crop cultivation in rainfed areas and assesses their economic viability for each zone. The study findings reveal that 44% of rainfed districts in peninsular India are projected to face drought risk in the near future. Furthermore, the study also demonstrates that a combination of early sowing, drought-tolerant crop varieties, and farm pond construction would be the most effective climate response strategy. The proposed assessment framework provides region specific recommendations and serves as a strategic roadmap for enhancing the sustainability and resilience of rainfed farming systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of graphene oxide-improved thin-film nanocomposite membranes for desalination of saline water","authors":"Leta Dereje Wilessa","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2026.101420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2026.101420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saline water poses significant risks to human health and the environment, contaminating freshwater sources and causing corrosion of infrastructure. It is unsuitable for domestic uses such as drinking, washing, and bathing. Membrane-based desalination technologies, particularly Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Nanofiltration (NF), are among the most effective methods for mitigating these challenges. Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have shown high potential for achieving excellent water flux and salt rejection at low operating pressures. However, their performance is limited by the trade-off between salt rejection and water permeability, as well as frequent membrane fouling. To address these limitations, graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were synthesized using an improved Hummers’ method and incorporated into TFC membranes to enhance their desalination performance. The polyamide (PA) active layer was fabricated via interfacial polymerization (IP), while the polyether sulfone (PES) support layer was prepared using phase inversion induced by immersion precipitation. The resulting GO-modified thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes were developed to improve water flux, salt rejection, and antifouling properties, providing a potential solution to the problems associated with saline water. The structural and physicochemical properties of GO and the modified membranes were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effects of auditory and visual disturbances on parental care behaviors of smallmouth bass","authors":"Alexandria E. West ,&nbsp;Paul A. Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2026.101405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2026.101405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A prevalent source of sensory pollution in freshwater ecosystems is recreational motorboats, that impacts freshwater fish through several mechanisms. Auditory and visual sensory disturbances are of particular importance as fish use these cues during critical reproductive behaviors such as parental care. To understand how sensory noise disrupts behavior, we conducted a field-based study to examine how auditory noise and visual cues impact smallmouth bass (<em>Micropterus dolomieu</em>) parental care behaviors. Smallmouth bass were exposed to two sequential treatments: auditory noise and visual disturbances. During auditory disturbances, smallmouth bass were exposed to playback noise recordings, while during visual disturbances smallmouth bass were exposed to a solid object moving in their visual field. Each disturbance treatment consisted of three phases: a five-minute pre-disturbance phase, a one-minute disturbance exposure phase and a five-minute post-disturbance phase. Our findings indicate bass were most aggressive during the pre-visual disturbance phase (p = 0.02) and spent more time swimming off the nest after both auditory and visual disturbances (p = 0.017). Further, bass altered their behavioral repertoire. During and immediately following a visual disturbance, smallmouth bass increased percentage of time spent stationary on the nest (37 % and 46 %, respectively) compared to the pre-disturbance phase (32 %). Conversely, when exposed to auditory disturbances, bass increased time spent swimming off the nest (72 %) compared to the pre-disturbance phase (50 %). Our results demonstrate that visual and noise disturbances affect smallmouth bass behaviors differently. This suggests an integrated approach must be considered to truly understand the impact of motorboat activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global imbalances in tropical Cesium-137 bioaccumulation research: A PRISMA-guided bibliometric assessment of geographic and methodological disparities","authors":"Abubakar Umar ,&nbsp;Mohamad Syazwan Mohd Sanusi","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) poses heightened radiological risks in tropical and subtropical ecosystems due to environmental conditions that enhance its mobility. Yet, a diagnostic bibliometric analysis of 38 empirical studies (2005–2024) reveals that knowledge production is shaped by epistemic asymmetry rather than ecological need. We find a reactive research agenda, thematic overemphasis on soil systems, and a stark productivity–impact decoupling: Brazil and India produce 60 % of studies but receive only 22 % of citations, reflecting systemic inequities in visibility and authority. High-risk regions including Malaysia and Central Africa remain absent from authorship and discourse. These patterns constrain the validity of region-specific risk assessments. We propose three evidence-based shifts: (1) IAEA-coordinated tropical-specific radioecological protocols; (2) targeted funding for underrepresented ecosystems; and (3) equitable international collaboration through co-leadership and open data sharing. All data are publicly archived (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17529451).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of rice husk and azolla biomass for improving soil chemical properties under irrigation with contaminated anzali wetland water","authors":"Fatemeh Bagheri ,&nbsp;Jila Baharlouei ,&nbsp;Banafsheh Khalili ,&nbsp;Elham Chavoshi","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing environmentally sound options for recycling agricultural residues and wetland plant biomass is of both economic and ecological importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate biochar and compost produced from rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) husk and Azolla (<em>Azolla filiculoides</em>) biomass, applied at 0, 2, and 4 %, on the chemical properties of a soil irrigated with Anzali wetland water (0, 2, and 4 %) over three- and six-month incubation periods. The experiment was a factorial on the basis of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The chemical properties of experimental treatments and treated soils were determined. The experimental treatments and their interactions significantly affected the measured parameters. Higher pH (8.0), EC (0.51 dS.m^-1), CEC (27.5 cmol kg^-1), OC (0.61), N (0.75 %), P (42), Na (60.7), K (91) and Mg (44.3 mg kg^-1) of Azolla biochar (especially at 4 % and six-month period) significantly improved soil chemical properties (higher soil fertility) in comparison with rice husk. However, rice husk had significantly higher PO₄ (9), NO₃ (11.5 mg <span>l</span>^-1), H (2.81), C (48 %) and Ca (88.5 mg kg^-1) than Azolla biochar. Interactions of biological fertilization and wetland water significantly ameliorated soil properties. Mixture of two biochars may be the more suitable treatment for improvement of soil polluted with wetland water. Azolla compost was also an effective treatment with comparable chemical properties similar to biochar treatments. These results indicate that locally produced Azolla and rice-husk amendments can contribute to waste valorization and improved soil fertility in areas irrigated with nutrient-rich wetland water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal contamination of heavy metals in Tawi River - Sources, fate, and health implications","authors":"Avinash Bhagat ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Som Nath Kundal ,&nbsp;Irfan Ahmad Wani ,&nbsp;Isha Devi ,&nbsp;Nafees Ahmad ,&nbsp;Neha ,&nbsp;Jatin S. Manhas ,&nbsp;Ambili Anoop ,&nbsp;Praveen K Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study assesses the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects of HMs in the Tawi River, with a focus on seasonal (December – S1, and July - S2) and altitudinal variation. The seasonal comparison showed higher Al and Fe concentrations in July (season 2) samples, suggesting intensified monsoon-induced weathering. However, Hg concentrations were consistently higher (in both seasons) at higher altitudes, suggesting the influence of atmospheric deposition and “<em>cold trapping</em>” processes. Further, the non-carcinogenic effects measured through hazard quotient (HQ) show minimal risk from all metals. The hazard index (HI) values for selected metal lie below 1 (HI&lt;1), except for arsenic (in seasons 1 and 2) and Hg (in season 2 only). This reflects a seasonal weathering-induced mobilisation of arsenic during the monsoon. The carcinogenic risk (CR) analysis indicated that the samples collected during S1 showed a low to very low risk for Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb, whereas As falls into the medium-risk category, with children being more vulnerable than adults to HM exposure. Similarly, for the samples collected during S2, CR values for Cr, Ni, and As fall in the medium risk category, whereas Cd and Pb represent the very to low-risk category.</div><div>These findings emphasise the urgent need for better water quality management and a focus on regular monitoring of seasonal HM measurements and increased public awareness concerning the Tawi River in the Jammu region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated remote sensing and multi-criteria evaluation to assess coastal ecosystem degradation under climate and human pressures: Insights from Bangladesh","authors":"Md Fuad Hassan ,&nbsp;Riffat Mahmood ,&nbsp;N.M. Refat Nasher ,&nbsp;Sukanta Das ,&nbsp;Urme Akter ,&nbsp;Nusrat Kona ,&nbsp;Nawshin Tabassum ,&nbsp;Tazrian Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystems provide vital services for human well-being and economic growth but are increasingly degraded by natural and human activities. Coastal ecosystems, particularly Bangladesh's exposed coast, are experiencing severe soil loss due to erosion, land use alterations from human activities, and increased pressure from climate change-induced hazards and disasters, leading to ecosystem degradation. Thus, this study attempts to identify the spatiotemporal pattern of land-based eco-environmental degradation using remote sensing and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) analysis from 2000 to 2024. Seven criteria, namely soil loss, spatial severity of impact (SSI), ecological integrity depletion (EID), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), land-based carbon emission (LCE), and bio-capacity (BC), are considered to assess the degradation pattern. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to weigh these criteria, and the weighted sum technique is applied. The findings show that nearly 37 % of the land experienced high to very high degradation, whereas 42 % of the land was affected by moderate degradation. The degradation factors vary by region, with deforestation and aquaculture being the primary drivers in the Sundarbans (western coast), erosion in the Meghna Estuary (central coast), and ecological loss as the source of urban expansion in coastal cities such as Chittagong (eastern shore). The degradation model was successfully validated with a predictive performance that seems high (AUC = 0.94) and indicates robustness of the indicators and methods selected. Although the study mainly used environmental data, social and climate factors may be integrated and will give more precise results in future research. Even so, the findings can help improve land use planning, restoration, and climate action under different national plans. This study aims to develop an innovative approach to achieving spatiotemporal degradation patterns, thereby aiding stakeholders and policymakers in creating a resilient ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological hotspots across the global citrus supply chain: A comprehensive life cycle assessment","authors":"Eleonora Crenna ,&nbsp;Roland Hischier ,&nbsp;Thijs Defraeye ,&nbsp;Daniel Onwude","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global demand for fruits and vegetables is rising, intensifying pressures on land, water, and energy, and driving post-harvest losses that waste ∼30% of annual production. Such losses, together with energy-intensive cold chains, amplify greenhouse gas emissions. Amidst these concerns, the environmental impact of the fruit and vegetable value chain, particularly the transcontinental cold chain, is gaining attention but remains largely unexplored. Here, we quantify the environmental impacts of the intercontinental citrus supply chain from South Africa to the Netherlands using life cycle assessment. By evaluating 16 impact indicators, including water use, land use, freshwater ecotoxicity, and marine eutrophication, we capture hidden burdens typically overlooked in carbon-focused studies. Cultivation dominates water-use impacts (99%), exacerbating risks in water-scarce regions, and accounts for 68% of freshwater ecotoxicity due to chemical inputs. In the post-harvest stages, overseas shipment contributes 62% to the impact of photochemical ozone formation and 52% to the impact of marine eutrophication, highlighting the need for low-carbon transport solutions. Cardboard box production for transport ranks as the second-highest post-harvest contributor to environmental impacts. Aggregated into a weighted single score, pre-harvest activities contribute 56% of total impacts, primarily from irrigation and agrochemicals. These findings pinpoint the ecological hotspots in global fruit trade and underscore the urgency of sustainable irrigation, low-carbon logistics, and material efficiency. Our holistic approach not only identifies ecological hotspots across a real-world, global fruit chain but also establishes citrus as a model system for assessing the sustainability of perishable, globally traded commodities. Our results provide a robust evidence base for policy, supply chain optimisation, and digital tools that support sustainable intercontinental food systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}