A decadal analysis of demographic, economic, and environmental trends in East Africa: Insights for advancing sustainable development Goal 12

Nature, life on the planet should become a common cause for all countries and people. The study assess the complex links between environmental factors, economic indicators, and population dynamics in East Africa under the title panel data analysis of demographic, economic, and environmental trends in East Africa: insights for achieving SDG 12 from 2014 to 2023. By systematically assessing demographic, economic, and environmental trends, the main objective is to offer insights that support Sustainable Development Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Using a panel dataset with 90 observations of key parameters, the results show an average loss of natural resources of 8.9 %, corresponding to a population growth rate of 2.35 % each year. Despite the regions 4.24 % average GDP growth, remarkably differences underscore the difficulties in managing resources sustainably. Important climatic variables that affect agricultural production and resource availability include temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and forest area. Effective farming methods are demonstrated by the average cereal production of 1,902.9 kg per hectare, for example; yet, agricultural resilience is at risk from rising temperatures and fluctuating humidity levels. The average CO₂ emissions are 6,329.6 kt according to the study, which uses econometric models to evaluate the correlations between these factors. Furthermore, the link between emissions and resource depletion suggests that coordinated strategies are required to lessen the effects of climate change. Furthermore, water productivity which averages 43.97 USD per cubic meter is essential for striking a balance between environmental practices and economic growth. These results urge made-to-order policymaking to address the distinct economic and environmental issues that each country in the region faces.