Environmental Challenges最新文献

{"title":"Managing Indonesian coral reefs: Integration of stressors in Marine Protected Area (MPA) management plans","authors":"Agustin Capriati ,&nbsp;Ingrid A. van de Leemput ,&nbsp;Estradivari ,&nbsp;Yvonne Kunz ,&nbsp;Tries B. Razak ,&nbsp;Rili Djohani ,&nbsp;Hesti Widodo ,&nbsp;Handoko Adi Susanto ,&nbsp;Ririn Widiastutik ,&nbsp;Purwanto ,&nbsp;Leontine E. Becking","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indonesia is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot within the Coral Triangle and is rapidly expanding its network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). MPAs are critical tools for conserving coral reefs, and MPA management plans serve as the foundational guidelines for conservation. Their effectiveness depends partly on how adequately coral reefs' stressors are addressed and integrated into actionable mitigation strategies. This study assessed the inclusion of stressors in current government-issued Indonesian MPA management plans. We analyzed the inclusion of stressor words within the comprehensive management plans and reviewed the action plan. By 2022, only 20 % of Indonesian MPAs had comprehensive management plans, comprising an introduction, zoning plan, and action plan. We found that most plans address stressors related to fishing. In contrast, less than one-third of the plans address land-based stressors, with nutrient pollution and plastic waste largely overlooked. While climate change was identified in about half of the plans, specific climate change impacts, such as rising sea surface temperature, were identified in only very few plans. Most management plans were broad, non-specific, and highly similar across locations, with stressors identified in the introduction rarely integrated into zoning and action plan sections, which may limit site-specific conservation efforts. Nevertheless, some plans showed a more targeted approach by addressing local stressors and proposing actionable responses. This study highlights the need for more site-specific and adaptive MPA plans. It offers a checklist to assess stressors in future Indonesian MPA management plan development, guiding increased responsiveness to evolving environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated assessment of human health risks from groundwater pollutants in Nubian Aquifer, Sudan: Combining source apportionment and probabilistic analysis","authors":"Musaab A.A. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Norbert P. Szabó ,&nbsp;Elamin D. Suliman ,&nbsp;Magboul M.S. Siddig ,&nbsp;Mohammed N.M. Hassan ,&nbsp;Péter Szűcs","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater contamination is a significant global challenge, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where groundwater is a primary source for drinking and irrigation. This contamination is closely associated with human health risks, potentially leading to severe diseases and long-term health consequences. In this study, the groundwater quality of the Nubian Aquifer System (NAS) in the Shendi area, Sudan, is assessed to evaluate health risks linked to nitrogen compounds (NO₂, NO₃, NH₃) and fluoride (F). The analysis integrates self-organizing maps (SOM), principal component analysis (PCA), and Monte Carlo-based health risk simulations. SOM analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns in groundwater samples, identifying three major hydrochemical trends. PCA indicated that elevated NO₃ concentrations were localized, primarily associated with agricultural runoff, while NO₂ and NH₃ reflected pollution from both agriculture and wastewater. High fluoride concentrations were linked to geogenic sources, particularly water-rock interactions with fluorine-bearing minerals. The Monte Carlo simulation assessed probabilistic health risks, revealing higher mean hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) values for children compared to adults. Children’s mean HI of 1.06 significantly exceeds the safe threshold, indicating potential non-carcinogenic health hazards. Sobol sensitivity analysis identified the most influential parameters in shaping health risks, including average exposure time, body weight, and exposure duration, with strong parameter interactions amplifying these effects. Among contaminants, NO₃ and F contributed the most to cumulative HI values. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, such as advanced water treatment, stricter pollution controls, and public health awareness programs to mitigate groundwater contamination and protect vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding dynamic landslide hazard processes for a massive refugee camp in Bangladesh","authors":"Dewan Mohammad Enamul Haque ,&nbsp;Ritu Roy ,&nbsp;Sumya Tasnim ,&nbsp;Shamima Ferdousi Sifa ,&nbsp;Suniti Karunatillake ,&nbsp;A.S.M. Maksud Kamal ,&nbsp;Juan M. Lorenzo","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslides disrupt human ecology worldwide, making practical hazard assessments essential for saving lives and assets. Dynamic assessments, which capture temporal changes in susceptibility, remain rare due to limited multi-temporal landslide inventories. This study addresses this gap by implementing a slope unit (SU)-based dynamic landslide hazard assessment for the Kutupalong Rohingya Refugee Camp (KTP), a region undergoing rapid environmental and landscape changes due to a massive human influx. Here, we decode dynamic landslide hazard processes by employing a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), a flexible statistical method, to explore how landslides (dependent variables) are linked to independent variables like continuous factors (e.g., slope, soil depth, rainfall) and categorical factors (e.g., soil type, landcover change category). We produced multi-temporal inventories to represent conditions before (2018 and prior) and after (2021 and prior) the establishment of refugee settlements. Anthropogenic modifications, such as distance from roads, land-use/NDVI changes, and rainfall, are treated as dynamic factors, while other factors are considered static predisposing conditions. Our GAM approach performs better than standard machine learning (ML) techniques (e.g., Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Neural Networks), achieving an overall ROC-AUC of 0.84 and a mean cross-validated AUC of 0.81, compared to AUC (0.64-0.74) for ML models. We also performed uncertainty quantification and repeated random simulations (Monte Carlo simulations) to identify slope units with increased, decreased, or unchanged susceptibility. Priority SUs requiring immediate risk reduction measures are flagged, offering actionable insights for local authorities. Our research findings advance landslide hazard assessments by integrating time-varying dynamic processes with a slope units-based approach and facilitating risk mitigation at KTP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal assessment of environmental change in Kushtia, Bangladesh (1998–2023) using remote sensing-based environmental indices","authors":"Md. Anik Hossain ,&nbsp;Md. Rahedul Islam ,&nbsp;Tamanna Yesmin ,&nbsp;Rabeya Sultana ,&nbsp;Md. Kamrul Hossain ,&nbsp;Rafiquel Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bangladesh’s rapidly evolving environment, influenced by land use and climate dynamics, requires effective monitoring systems. This study examines spatiotemporal environmental changes in Kushtia from 1998 to 2023, utilizing NDVI, NDWI, NDMI, and LST derived from multi-spectral satellite imagery. A PCA-based weighted overlay method integrates these indices into a composite index to evaluate each year's overall environmental condition. Satellite images were processed in ENVI 5.3 and analyzed in ArcGIS 10.8, while PCA determined the weights of the indices. The weighted indices were overlaid in ArcGIS Pro 3.01, and image differencing was applied to detect environmental changes over time. The results represent a decline in the highest NDVI value from 0.72 in 1998 to 0.47 in 2023, reflecting an 18.23 % decrease in vegetated area coverage, while water availability (NDWI) and moisture content (NDMI) declined by 57.64 % and 47.01 %, respectively. Daulatpur experienced the highest reductions, with NDWI decreasing by 72.89 % and NDMI decreasing by 83.25 %, followed by Kumarkhali, which experienced a 51.16 % decline in NDWI. LST remained stable at 32.84 °C in 2023, with weak correlations to vegetation and water indices (R² &lt; 0.13), indicating non-climatic drivers. PCA results suggest that PC1 (55.6 %) and PC2 (38.58 %) collectively account for 94.2 % of the environmental variation, with NDWI (weight: 0.312) and NDVI (weight: 0.298) as the dominant factors. PCA-weighted analysis reveals that degraded areas have shown improvement, while high-performing zones have experienced a decline. Environmental change was more significant from 1998 to 2010 than from 2010 to 2023, with notable degradation and recovery in Mirpur and Daulatpur. The findings emphasize the importance of adequate water governance, afforestation, and adaptive policies in addressing vegetation health and water stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-level electricity and emissions footprints of U.S. irrigation","authors":"Robert B. Sowby,&nbsp;R. Bennett Price","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantifies the state-level electricity footprint and associated carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO₂e) emissions footprint of U.S. agricultural irrigation, an essential but under-examined component of the energy-water-food nexus. Using open data, we estimate that in 2023, on-farm irrigation in the United States consumed approximately 26.2 TWh of electricity, cost $2.5 billion, and produced 8.2 million metric tons of CO₂e. These figures account for 0.68% of the national electricity consumption and 0.57% of national CO₂e emissions, with notable state-level variations. This analysis, the first to use the most recent data for state-level results only available every few years, highlights the potential for targeted energy management and emissions reduction strategies in U.S. agricultural irrigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate environmental performance, governance and financing decisions: Empirical evidence from France","authors":"Sonia Boukattaya","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the impact of corporate environmental performance and its specific areas, namely emission reduction, resource use and environmental innovation, on firm financing decisions. We used the System Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to analyse data from French firms listed on the SBF120 index between 2010 and 2019. Our findings indicate that corporate environmental performance is positively associated with debt financing. Additionally, each environmental dimension influences debt use in distinct ways. Finally, good corporate governance strengthens the positive relationship between environmental performance and debt financing. Our results are robust across different financing measures and subsample analyses. This study provides new insights into the corporate governance-environmental performance nexus, offering important managerial and policy implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of land use, land cover, and climate change: A case study of Raichur District, Karnataka, India","authors":"Degu Zewdu ,&nbsp;C. Muralee Krishnan ,&nbsp;P.P. Nikhil Raj ,&nbsp;Yila Caiaphas Makadi ,&nbsp;Masoud K. Barati ,&nbsp;Sudha Arlikatti","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interplay between land use, climate and their interactions operates across different scales, posing challenges to effective management. Yet, due to a lack of historical land-use data covering the timescales over which anthropogenic climate change and its effects have manifested, investigations of climate and land-use interactions are often limited to space-for-time substitution. This study assessed land use, land cover (LULC), and climate change interaction from 1985 to 2023 in the Raichur district, India. We used the U.S. Geological Survey Landsat 5, 7, and 8 multi-spectral data for land cover analysis, while climate data from the India Meteorological Department were utilised for historical climate change analysis. Additionally, future climate projection based on the CMIP6 General Circulation Model under the extreme socio-economic scenario of ssp585 served as the basis for future climate extreme events using standard precipitation and evapotranspiration index. The Landsat images were classified into different major LULC classes, and the area extent of each LULC was assessed. The results show that forest cover decreased, and the area of built-up land increased. The extent of ​​fallow land also reduced, while the water areas had decreased straightforwardly. Climate analysis shows a significant variation in annual rainfall, with 2018 recording the lowest rainfall and 2020 recording the highest. Temperature analysis shows a warming trend with both maximum and average temperature demonstrating a statistically significant increase, with p-values of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. The analysis of drought severity using SPI and SPEI identified 27 and 23 drought events, respectively. The correlation analysis between LULC and climate variables revealed that cropland, built-up areas, mixed forests, shrublands, wastelands, and water bodies positively correlate to annual rainfall. The temperature in the study area is negatively correlated with mixed forest, cropland, wasteland, and water bodies. The results from this study stipulate valuable insights into the region's dynamic changes in LULC and climate conditions, offering essential input for sustainable land use planning and climate adaptation measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based spatio-temporal assessment of land use/land cover change in Barishal district of Bangladesh between 1988 and 2024","authors":"Walida Zaman ,&nbsp;H Rainak Khan Real","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barishal, known as the “Land of Paddy, Rivers, and Canals,” bears immense historical, social, and economic importance as a major agricultural, cultural, and financial hub of Bangladesh. However, the absence of a comprehensive LULC inventory, high landscape variability, and the limited availability of high quality remotely sensed data make the quantification of LULC changes in the region extremely challenging. This study is the first of its kind in Bangladesh to propose a cloud-based, open-source, machine learning framework that integrates spectral, textural, and topographic information to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of LULC change in Barishal over 35 years. The performance of four machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine, Classification and Regression Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Random Forests) were evaluated to ensure classification reliability. Results indicate that Random Forest outperforms other classifiers, achieving an average accuracy of 99 % across all study periods, making it the most suitable model for classifying heterogeneous landscapes. An analysis of multi-temporal LULC maps reveals a net increase in wetland (0.35 %), built-up (1.81 %), vegetation (8.48 %), and a net decrease in agriculture (−10.33 %) and bare soil (−0.36 %), primarily due to indiscriminate land use transitions. The study establishes a comprehensive and reliable baseline for Barishal’s LULC and introduces a rapid, open data driven approach for mapping complex, heterogeneous coastal landscapes globally. The spatio-temporal patterns of LULC underscore the urgent need for climate-resilient planning in Barishal and provide valuable insights for evidence-based policymaking necessary in implementing SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities and SDG 15: Life on Land.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nexus among employees’ green concerns, green effectiveness, and green behavior through mediating role of employees’ green knowledge: Evidence from Bangladeshi consumer goods industry","authors":"Md. Hafizur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mohammad Bin Amin ,&nbsp;Md. Nahid Hasan ,&nbsp;Noshin Yasmin ,&nbsp;Md. Atikur Rahaman ,&nbsp;Judit Oláh","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of industrialization continuously creates challenges for the global environment, necessitating conscious and sustainable behavior across businesses to lessen their impacts. The Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior (KAB) model and Self-Efficacy Theory motivated the study. KAB indicates that Knowledge influences Attitude and Attitude influences Behavior and Self-Efficacy implies that self-confidence in capabilities leads to improved actions. This study aims to investigate the impacts of employee green concerns and green effectiveness on green behavior identifying the mediation effect of environmental knowledge of employees through a study on 261 workers and managers of the consumer goods industry in Bangladesh. The data were collected using a 20-item 5-point Likert scale structured questionnaire by adopting a purposive sampling method. Microsoft Excel was used to prepare the data for analysis, IBM SPSS 25 was used to assess the multicollinearity issues, and Smart PLS 4.0 was used to analyze the measurement model to assess the reliability and validity of the constructs while the structural model was used to test the hypotheses of this study. The results indicate noteworthy direct effects of employees’ green concerns and green effectiveness as well as significant indirect effects of Employees’ Green Knowledge as a mediator on employee green behavior. Managers can enhance employees' green knowledge to foster environmental awareness, boost self-confidence in their abilities, and ultimately promote green behavior in the workplace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SDG-13 to combat climate change through decarbonizing marketing campaigns: An evaluation of customers’ sustainable purchase intentions for EVs using process modelling approach","authors":"Mohammed Saeed J. Alzahrani,&nbsp;Adil Zia","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of decarbonizing marketing campaigns, brand image and perception of cost on sustainable purchase intentions for EVs. In addition, this study explores the mediation of green customer engagement and moderation of subjective norms for the proposed relationships. Drawing on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the current data were collected using judgmental and snowball sampling from 276 respondents in an online survey. Majority of respondents were male and in the age group of less than 24 years with bachelor’s level of study. This study's framework was confirmed using Structure Equation modelling (SEM) through SMART-PLS as statistics software. Key findings of the current study reveal that factors such as brand image, green customer engagement, and subjective norms were revealed to have significant and favourable influences on intentions to purchase EVs. Further, decarbonizing marketing campaign and perception of cost significantly impact the brand image. The significant mediation of brand image and green customer engagement; and moderation of subjective norms were observed for the said relationships. These findings can provide actionable results that EV companies can focus on to target the environmentally conscious customers. Despite growing interest in EVs as sustainable products, limited studies explore how these relationships influence customer engagement and purchase intentions. The current study contributes theoretically by highlighting the critical rational and emotional factors that drive the adoption of EVs by advancing the potential view of customer engagement in the sustainable market. EV manufacturers can foster consumer adoption behaviour by executing excellent sustainable marketing campaigns and creating a positive reputation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34794,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Challenges","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}