{"title":"The asymmetric nature of V2: Evidence from learner languages","authors":"Marit Westergaard, Terje Lohndal, A. Alexiadou","doi":"10.7146/aul.348.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.348.121","url":null,"abstract":"In the fi eld of Germanic linguistics, there has been a long-standing debate as to the question of how to analyze sentences with verb second (V2) word order. In particular, the question has been whether or not subject-initial and non-subject-initial main clause declaratives should receive the same structural analysis. Here we review this debate and provide new evidence from learner languages involving Norwegian. This evidence, we argue, supports an analysis whereby subject-initial main clauses are derived differently than non-subject-initial clauses. We outline this analysis and discuss some consequences.","PeriodicalId":347827,"journal":{"name":"The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121257565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"English vocabulary in L1 Danish and L1 Finnish learners: Vocabulary sizes, word frequency effect, and cognate facilitation","authors":"C. Horslund","doi":"10.7146/aul.348.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.348.99","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents vocabulary sizes in native (L1) Danish and L1 Finnish learners of English differing in second language (L2) immersion. The estimated vocabulary sizes suggest that some L2 learners have vocabulary sizes within the L1 English range, and that all participants should be lexically equipped to understand spoken English. The article moreover examines the effect of word frequency and cognateness on L2 lexical knowledge and how these two effects are mediated by L2 immersion. Word frequency was found to significantly affect word definition. Contrary to the prediction, this effect was larger for L1 English speakers than for L2 learners and for immersion learners than for non-immersion learners. Significant cognate facilitation was also observed and was found to be larger for non-immersion learners than for immersion learners, as predicted.","PeriodicalId":347827,"journal":{"name":"The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115009516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subject Float, Low Subject Trapping, and Case in Icelandic","authors":"H. Sigurdsson","doi":"10.7146/aul.348.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.348.116","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes and discusses two peculiar sets of (in)defi nitenessfacts applying to subjects in Icelandic, here referred to as Subject Floatand Low Subject Trapping. Indefi nite subjects (commonly quantifi ed) inpresentational sentences and related clause types may either occupy thecomplement position within the predicate phrase or “fl oat” into variouspositions in the middle fi eld. This is Subject Float, yielding variation suchas “There would (many farmers) then (many farmers) probably (manyfarmers) be (?*many farmers) elected (many farmers)”. Conversely, andunexpectedly, defi nite NP subjects of some adjectival and verbal predicatesmust stay in the complement position. This is Low Subject Trapping,yielding orders such as “there is cold radiator-the” and “there cooledradiator-the”. It is shown that the licensing of subject NPs in the variouspositions in Subject Float and in the complement position in Low SubjectTrapping is unrelated to specifi c grammatical cases, thus refuting the widelyadopted case approach to NP licensing. Although Icelandic case markinghas been widely discussed, Subject Float and Low Subject Trapping havenot previously received a detailed scrutiny; these phenomena provideadditional and partly new knockout arguments against the case approach toNP licensing and NP movement. While high NP raising to subject (Spec,IP)is unaffected by case, it seems to involve both Person and Topic matching. (Less)","PeriodicalId":347827,"journal":{"name":"The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128879396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Om brugen af i og på før udvalgte komplementer","authors":"Katrine Rosendal Ehlers, Sidsel Holm Rasmussen, Helle Kaalund Tornbo","doi":"10.7146/aul.348.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.348.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":347827,"journal":{"name":"The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134600898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The XP-þá-construction and V2","authors":"J. Jónsson","doi":"10.7146/aul.348.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.348.102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":347827,"journal":{"name":"The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114551015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Litotes – an ironic or polyphonic figure of speech?","authors":"Merete Birkelund","doi":"10.7146/aul.348.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.348.89","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":347827,"journal":{"name":"The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125461118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some remarks on the position of adverb phrases (mainly in Danish)","authors":"Henrik Jørgensen","doi":"10.7146/aul.348.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.348.103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper draws up some general questions concerning the adverbs as a part of speech and the question of their linear surface order. Drawing on Danish examples, the paper suggests that investigation into adverb phrases and the implications of their position rules might lead to new and unexpected results concerning syntax, learnability, and cognition.","PeriodicalId":347827,"journal":{"name":"The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128036207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The range of quantifiers: An empirical Investigation of set size","authors":"Eva Klingvall, Fredrik Heinat","doi":"10.7146/aul.348.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.348.105","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the results from a large-scale estimation study on Swedish Quantifi ed Expressions (QEs). The size of seventeen different QEs, eight positive (monotone increasing) and nine negative (monotone decreasing), was rated by 596 participants. The results show that both positive and negative QEs can pick out large and small quantities and that some QEs are indistinguishable in size. One QE, ett antal (‘a number of’) has a bimodal distribution, meaning that some speakers interpret it as picking out a large quantity and other speakers as picking out a small quantity. In addition, the results raise interesting questions about the internal structure of QEs and about scalar inferences, among other things.","PeriodicalId":347827,"journal":{"name":"The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123412114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-nominal arguments and transitivity in Romance and Scandinavian","authors":"Michelle Sheehan, Anna Pineda","doi":"10.7146/aul.348.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.348.110","url":null,"abstract":"This squib considers the notion of objecthood and its relation to transitivity in a number of Romance and Scandinavian languages and argues that it does not easily reduce to the notion of being nominal. The Romance data come from the faire -in fi nitive in Catalan and Italian, where dative causees are found only where the embedded predicate is transitive. The Scandinavian data are from pseudo-passives and expletive-associate constructions, both of which are also sensitive to transitivity. In these contexts, in addition to DPs, (non-nominalised) CPs and PPs can count for transitivity, though this is subject to variation across languages. These patterns present challenges for approaches to objecthood and transitivity based on case/Case, both traditional analyses and more recent dependent case approaches, both of which afford a privileged status to nominals.","PeriodicalId":347827,"journal":{"name":"The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122901644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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