IET Smart Cities最新文献

{"title":"A review of recent progress and developments in China smart cities","authors":"Zhiguang Shan,&nbsp;Yanqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Yaqi Zhang,&nbsp;Sisi Tang,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.12020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since 2008, the development of China's smarter cities has experienced four phases: Exploration and practice phase, normative adjustment phase, strategic breakthrough phase and all-round development phase. A number of innovative practices such as the city brain and ‘unified online government service’ have provided the world with Chinese solutions for smart city construction. This study explains the concept and connotation of innovative smarter cities, summarizes the development status of China's innovative smarter cities, analyses and judges the seven development trends in the construction of innovative smarter cities, analyses the shortcomings and deficiencies, and puts forward policy suggestions to promote the development. It has an important reference value for comprehensively understanding the development concept and overall development status of China's innovative smarter cities and clarifying the next development direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137737541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightweight frame scrambling mechanisms for end-to-end privacy in edge smart surveillance","authors":"Alem Fitwi,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Sencun Zhu","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.12019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As smart surveillance has become popular in today's smart cities, millions of closed circuit television cameras are ubiquitously deployed that collect huge amount of visual information. All these raw visual data are often transported over a public network to distant video analytic centres. This increases the risk of interception and the spill of individuals' information into the wider cyberspace that risks privacy breaches. The edge computing paradigm allows the enforcement of privacy protection mechanisms at the point where the video frames are created. Nonetheless, existing cryptographic schemes are computationally unaffordable at the resource-constrained network edge. Based on chaotic methods, three lightweight end-to-end privacy-protection mechanisms are proposed: (1) a novel lightweight Sine-cosine Chaotic Map, which is a robust and efficient solution for enciphering frames at edge cameras; (2) Dynamic Chaotic Image Enciphering scheme that can run in real time at the edge; (3) a lightweight Regions of Interest Masking scheme that ensures the privacy of sensitive attributes like face on video frames. Design rationales are discussed and extensive experimental analyses substantiate the feasibility and security of the proposed schemes.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137558090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wavelet-attention-based traffic prediction for smart cities","authors":"Aram Nasser,&nbsp;Vilmos Simon","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12018","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traffic congestion is a problem facing today's world, especially in smart cities where the economy is booming. Solving this issue by upgrading the traffic infrastructure of the city might be very cost-inefficient as well as time-consuming. With the help of recent technologies, traffic can be predicted to give the authorities the time to react before congestion evolves. As traffic is affected by several external factors, such as weather and anomalies (accidents, not expected road closures etc.), understanding the relationship between traffic and these factors can improve the prediction even further. In this study, a new method, the weather-based traffic analysis (hereafter WBTA), is utilised to investigate the temporal correlations between the traffic flow and the exogenous weather factors at different frequencies and time intervals. In addition, a novel method, the wavelet-attention-based calculation (hereafter WABC) is introduced to help to understand the importance of each external factor, compared with the others. Five weather factors (temperature, wind speed, rain, visibility, and humidity) are analysed, weighted, and merged with each other as one auxiliary input to improve traffic prediction accuracy. Based on that, the wavelet-attention-based prediction model is introduced, where the mean squared error is reduced by 32.3% and 24.52% for one future time step prediction, and 14.9% and 18.22% for five, compared with using the traffic time series alone, and with external factors without weights, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49393351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest editorial: IoT sensing, applications, and technologies for smart sustainable cities","authors":"Gerhard P. Hancke,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Salehizadeh,&nbsp;Xuan Liu,&nbsp;Jie Hu,&nbsp;Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz,&nbsp;Nikolaos Thomos,&nbsp;Susumu Ishihara,&nbsp;Claudio Savaglio","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12017","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sensing applications and Internet of Things (IoT) are indispensable for the construction of smart cities and provision of improved public services. Sensors act as the nerves of a smart city, enabling the collection of information that provides for intelligent decisions to be made, both in terms of future planning and immediate actuation. Internet of Things technologies provide the platform for implementing sensing applications, covering everything from embedded software and connectivity for edge nodes to data ingestion and analytics, including embedded OS, sensor interoperability and interfacing, local sensor node networks, wide area networks (e.g., LORA/5G), middleware for data handling and node management, green sensing and wireless networks.</p><p>While the research community has not yet settled on a precise definition of what makes a city ‘smart’, it is clear that IoT Sensing and Technologies are key for a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly city and crucial for the provision of services in major application areas, such as intelligent transport, smart buildings, utilities, environment, and health.</p><p>This paper outlines Taiwan's experience in developing smart cities, including visions, implementation strategies and application cases. To take global trends and local needs into account, Taiwan has applied a dual development model that combines top-down (theme-based)/bottom-up (needs-based) approaches for a synergy effect in balancing innovations and local needs. Furthermore, a PPP program has been adopted to prompt collaboration between central/local authorities with local businesses.</p><p>The trend towards cities and urbanisation, which increases the number of people living in urban areas, requires local authorities to provide services and natural resources more efficiently and effectively and to develop some strategies for a sustainable environment. The more effective use of resources, growing awareness of sustainable environment, climate confidence and motivation can make cities more liveable.</p><p>Biodiversity surveys are often required for development projects in cities that could affect protected species such as bats. Bats are important biodiversity indicators of the wider health of the environment and activity surveys of bat species are used to report the performance of mitigation actions. Typically, sensors are used in the field to listen to the ultrasonic echolocation calls of bats, or the audio data is recorded for post processing to calculate the activity levels. Current methods rely on significant human input and therefore present an opportunity for continuous monitoring and in situ machine learning detection of bat calls in the field. This paper shows the results from a longitudinal study of 15 novel internet-connected bat sensors—Echo Boxes—in a large urban park. The study provided empirical evidence of how edge processing can reduce network traffic and storage demands by several orders of magnitude, making it po","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41519300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shazam for bats: Internet of Things for continuous real-time biodiversity monitoring","authors":"Sarah Gallacher,&nbsp;Duncan Wilson,&nbsp;Alison Fairbrass,&nbsp;Daniyar Turmukhambetov,&nbsp;Michael Firman,&nbsp;Stefan Kreitmayer,&nbsp;Oisin Mac Aodha,&nbsp;Gabriel Brostow,&nbsp;Kate Jones","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12016","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity surveys are often required for development projects in cities that could affect protected species such as bats. Bats are important biodiversity indicators of the wider health of the environment and activity surveys of bat species are used to report on the performance of mitigation actions. Typically, sensors are used in the field to listen to the ultrasonic echolocation calls of bats or the audio data is recorded for post-processing to calculate the activity levels. Current methods rely on significant human input and therefore present an opportunity for continuous monitoring and in situ machine learning detection of bat calls in the field. Here, we show the results from a longitudinal study of 15 novel Internet connected bat sensors—Echo Boxes—in a large urban park. The study provided empirical evidence of how edge processing can reduce network traffic and storage demands by several orders of magnitude, making it possible to run continuous monitoring activities for many months including periods which traditionally would not be monitored. Our results demonstrate how the combination of artificial intelligence techniques and low-cost sensor networks can be used to create novel insights for ecologists and conservation decision-makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46327612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban development with dynamic digital twins in Helsinki city","authors":"Mervi Hämäläinen","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12015","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A dynamic digital twin is a feasible solution that can be employed to build real-time connectivity between virtual and physical objects. Industries like manufacturing, aerospace and healthcare utilise dynamic digital twins for simulation, monitoring and control purposes, but recently, this nascent technology has also attracted the interest of urban designers. Due to the novelty of the dynamic digital twin in urban design, this research study addresses the concept of digital twin technology and investigates its applicability in so-called smart city settings. Drawing on results from research interviews and examples from the Digital Twin project in Helsinki city, the research illustrates that solid data infrastructure forms the foundation for urban digital twins and the development of future smart city applications and services. Furthermore, data-enriched digital twins evidently accelerate smart city experimentations and strengthen both learning and knowledge-based decision-making. Digital twins have also proved that they offer an environment in which smart city practitioners can bridge multi-stakeholder urban design teams through one digital platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41269009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A smart city application: A waste collection system with long range wide area network for providing green environment and cost effective and low power consumption solutions","authors":"Erol Aktay,&nbsp;Nursel Yalçın","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12014","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The trend towards cities and urbanisation, which increases the number of people living in urban areas, requires local authorities to provide services and natural resources more efficiently and effectively and develop some strategies for a sustainable environment. The more effective use of resources, growing awareness of sustainable environment, climate confidence and motivation to make cities more livable is a new concept called Smart City. In this study, the proposed system supports the garbage collection of the city government and works with low budget, low energy, and free radio frequencies. The Internet of Things (IoT) sensor node is assembled, and the network is set up based on the long range wide area network protocol to connect it to the sample garbage bin and collect data. Instant data collection by this network is carried out through the IoT and is designed based on the collected data. The goal is to build an ideal system for smart garbage collection in cities and support sustainability in cities by integrating with the city government's information systems. The data received from the sensor nodes and the efficiency of the system were demonstrated for local governments. The main outcome of this research is to develop a practical smart city application with minimal resources and support local governments in their daily work. Moreover, how a low power wide area network communication network with a frequency of 868 MHz works in Istanbul (Turkey) will be investigated further and which alternative to cellular networks is the most suitable for excellent communication in smart cities will be studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44463198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China's practice of smart city standardisation and assessment","authors":"Dapeng Zhang,&nbsp;Xi Wang,&nbsp;Wenge Rong,&nbsp;Yu Yang","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12013","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smart city is one of the current trends of city evolvement. Smart city is a systematic project, which needs a holistic approach. As lots of pilot projects have been undertaken by cities, how to assess the ‘smartness’ of a city is of great importance. This study sums China's smart city standardisation and assessment practice, starting from the national policy evolvement, followed by the standardisation system, assessment and its key procedures and concludes with some possible future works regarding smart city standardisation and assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46166140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From smart cities to wise cities","authors":"Robin Hambleton","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12012","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In February 2020, the International Data Corporation (IDC), an influential market research firm, predicted that global spending on smart cities would reach $124 billion by the end of the year. The company noted that this represented a 19% increase on 2019 spending and that the priorities for investment were expected to include ‘advanced’ public transit, intelligent traffic management, smart lighting and data-driven public safety.</p><p>In a more recent study of tech trends, one that notes an overall increase of 12% in self-reported consumer spending on tech products during 2020, the IDC claims that ‘2020 was a year of fascinating change in the tech space as COVID-19 … benefitted tech at every turn’. It seems clear that with lockdowns and numerous restrictions on face-to-face meetings internet-enabled devices became a lifeline for many people.</p><p>So there we have it. Global spending on smart cities, already soaring upwards, has now been given a rocket boost by the COVID-19 pandemic. This shift has encouraged enthusiasts for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to wax lyrical about the way the increasingly sophisticated Internet of Things (IoT) will transform cities in the next few years. What's not to like?</p><p>It may seem churlish to question these developments. However, given the astonishing sums involved, not to mention the rapid pace of technological change and uncertainty about the impacts of IoT on the quality of life of people actually living in cities, I want to encourage more critical reflection on what being a ‘smart city’ might now mean.</p><p>Are the benefits of smart cities strategies all they are cracked up to be? Who is gaining and who is losing as a result of these innovations? More ambitiously, do we need to move beyond traditional smart cities thinking?</p><p>In raising these questions I am following in the footsteps of David Cleevely who asked the following question in these pages last year: ‘Why are smart cities proving to be so hard to deliver?’ [<span>1</span>]. He makes a number of thoughtful observations and rightly highlights the need to pay more attention to the development of suitable governance arrangements and business models to guide smart cities efforts.</p><p>Readers of this journal know well enough that the term ‘smart cities’ can be confusing and that it is certainly contested. It follows that it is useful to revisit a fundamental question from time to time and ask: What do we actually mean by smart cities?</p><p>Some may claim that a smart city is simply one that uses electronic methods and sensors to collect data that can then be used to guide decision-making. Critics of technology-driven change will view such a stance as naïve, betraying at best a poor understanding of power relations in the modern city. Some of them will argue that the phrase smart city is best understood as a clever marketing concept designed to promote the interests of the major ICT companies who have a vested interest in s","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46661334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial demand forecasting based on smart meter data for improving local energy self-sufficiency in smart cities","authors":"Ayumu Miyasawa,&nbsp;Shogo Akira,&nbsp;Yu Fujimoto,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Hayashi","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12011","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of distributed energy resources (DERs) in a city contributes to the net zero CO₂ of a city. However, the spatially uneven distribution of power demand and surplus electricity causes congestion in the grid system, making wide-area operation difficult. The concept of local energy self-sufficiency via energy management, in which batteries or electric vehicles are charged using power generated by DERs and discharged to neighbouring consumers, is expected to be a way to avoid grid conjunction while maximizing the use of DERs. For efficient local energy self-sufficiency, it is necessary to identify where and when future power surpluses and shortages will occur within a city and optimize battery operation according to demand. Forecasts that focus only on representative points of a city may be less reproducible in diversity in the power demand transition for individual consumers in local parts of cities. Electricity smart meters that monitor power demand every 30 min from each consumer are expected to help predict the spatiotemporal distribution of power demand to achieve efficient local energy self-sufficiency. The significance of reflecting regional characteristics in forecasting spatiotemporal distribution of power demand is demonstrated using actual data obtained by smart meters installed in Japanese cities. The results suggest that the forecast approach, which considers the daily periodicity of power demand and weather conditions, obtains high prediction accuracy in predicting power demand in meshed local areas in the city and derives results precisely reproducing the spatiotemporal behaviours of power demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48013286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}