IET Smart Cities最新文献

{"title":"Smart cities, metaverses, and the relevance of place","authors":"Alessandro Aurigi","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12030","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Yemen sits the 16<sup>th</sup> Century walled city of Shibam, now listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage site. Beyond its historical and cultural significance, something about the place is striking from a design viewpoint. Shibam, like many other ancient settlements, embeds much local wisdom in its own design. Its unusually tall buildings were constructed with locally sourced mud. Its fabric is dense and creates much needed shade in the city's narrow streets. Studies demonstrate its rather sophisticated—and certainly low-carbon—approach to passive environmental design at both urban and building level, ensuring degrees of thermal comfort in such a hot climate [<span>1</span>]. In the same region, also sit large cities such as Riyadh, the Saudi capital. Shibam and Riyadh, of course, have radically different sizes and economies and are not generally comparable. But it must be noted that those contemporary centres have mainly developed beyond their old historical towns, hinging not on local knowledge but on ‘international’ criteria—normally dictated by modernist visions of urbanism and architecture. Yet, in the harsh climate of the Arabian Peninsula, it takes much effort—and energy—to sustain cities made of steel-and-glass buildings buffered by large public spaces. Saudi Arabia seems to use about 70% of its electricity consumption simply to operate air conditioning systems.</p><p>Why am I invoking an ancient town to discuss smart cities? The point is that adopting and implementing technologies—however past or contemporary—cannot be seen as deterministically positive. It all depends on a more complex, and holistic, understanding of design approaches. Similarly, implementing new technology should not suggest jettisoning what is already there, and what we have already learnt—in a city, a place—as wholly inadequate and out-of-date. Shibam and all similar places might have been ‘old’ and unsuitable to accommodate rapid urbanisation, but they also embedded accumulated knowledge, wisdom and awareness of their context. Innovation, yet with such lessons in mind, could be precious in shaping contemporary cities in the same region. The point therefore is that ‘making smart’ without a deep understanding of place is probably not that smart after all.</p><p>Yet, the prevalent ways to frame and represent smart urbanism seem based on either rejecting the past and present city as being inadequate in tackling the big societal challenges it faces, or at best ignoring what it can offer. The prevalent discourses tend to portray cities as on the one hand, the key arena of human inhabitation and growth, yet on the other, as an increasingly broken environment. Cities—it is often argued—are under pressure by the critical challenges of overpopulation, mobility and infrastructural adequacy, environmental and social sustainability, resource scarcity, and safety. This, together with ever-changing lifestyles, makes them incapable of coping with the future, unless they embrace","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 3","pages":"157-159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic peer to peer energy trading among charging station of electric vehicles based on blockchain mechanism","authors":"Hossein Salmani,&nbsp;Alireza Rezazade,&nbsp;Mostafa Sedighizadeh","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12029","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fossil-fuelled vehicles are being replaced by electric vehicles (EVs) around the world due to environmental pollution and high fossil fuel price. On the one hand, the electrical grid is faced with some challenges when too many EVs are improperly integrated. On the other hand, using massive unexploited capacity of the battery storage in too many EVs makes these challenges to opportunities. This unused capacity can be employed for the grid ancillary services and trading peer-to-peer (P2P) energy. However, the preference of EV users is one of the most important factors, which has to be considered within the scheduling process of EVs. Therefore, this paper proposes a stochastic model for EVs bidirectional smart charging taking into account the preferences of EV users, P2P energy trading, and providing ancillary services of the grid based on blockchain mechanism. Considering the preferences of EV users makes the proposed scheduling model adaptive against changing operating conditions. The presented model is formulated as an optimisation problem aiming at optimal management of EV battery state of charge and energy placement of several services considering the provision of ancillary services and contributing to P2P transactions. To evaluate the proposed model, real-world data collected from Tehran city are used as input data of simulation. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of the presented model. Simulation results show that considering the preferences of EV users in the proposed model can enhance the total income provided by the EV energy-planning model such that it could balance the charging cost. Moreover, this advanced user-based smart charging model increases P2P energy transactions amongst EVs and raises the ancillary services facility to the grid.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 2","pages":"110-126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46810731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic speed prediction of high-frequency time series using additively decomposed components as features","authors":"Muhammad Ali,&nbsp;Kamaludin Mohamad Yusof,&nbsp;Benjamin Wilson,&nbsp;Carina Ziegelmueller","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12027","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traffic speed prediction is an integral part of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Advanced knowledge of average traffic speed can help take proactive preventive steps to avoid impending problems. There have been studies for traffic speed prediction in which data has been decomposed into components using various decomposition techniques such as empirical mode decomposition, wavelets, and seasonal decomposition. As far as the authors are aware, no research has used additively decomposed components as input features. In this study, we used additive decomposition on 21,843 samples of traffic speed data. We implemented two statistical techniques designed for double seasonality (i) Double Seasonal Holt-Winter, and (ii) Trigonometric seasonality, Box-Cox transformation, autoregressive integrated moving average errors, trend, and Seasonal components (TBATS), and five machine learning (ML) techniques, (i) Multi-Layer Perceptron, (ii) Convolutional-Neural Network, (iii) Long Short-Term Memory, (iv) Gated Recurrent Unit and (v) Convolutional-Neural Network-LSTM. Machine learning techniques are used in univariate mode with raw time series as features and then with decomposed components as features in multivariate mode. This study demonstrates that using decomposed components (trend, seasonal, and residual), as features, improves prediction results for multivariate ML techniques. This becomes a significant advantage when no other features are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 2","pages":"92-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45907540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collision-free cooperative Unmanned Aerial Vehicle protocols for sustainable aerial services","authors":"Francisco Fabra,&nbsp;Anna Maria Vegni,&nbsp;Valeria Loscrí,&nbsp;Carlos T. Calafate,&nbsp;Pietro Manzoni","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12028","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are offering many global industry sectors the opportunity to adopt more sustainable business models. They offer innovative ways of managing resources and water and offer newer opportunities to address key challenges in many areas like border surveillance, precision agriculture and search and rescue missions. All these new applications areas tend to require the cooperation of groups, or “swarms” of UAVs to provide collaborative sensing and processing solutions. These new scenarios impose new requirements in terms of safety, coordination, and operation management. This paper provides an overview of some of the technical challenges that multirotor UAVs are still facing in terms of aerial coordination and interaction. In this regard, it focusses on recent developments available in the literature and presents some contributions realised during the past few years by the authors addressing UAV interaction to achieve collision-free flights and swarm-based missions. Based on the analysis provided in this work, the paper is able to provide insight into the challenges still open that need to be solved in order to enable effective UAV-based solutions to support sustainable aerial services.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 4","pages":"231-238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48919437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable computing systems for future smart cities","authors":"Ike Nassi","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12026","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12026","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;I will discuss each in turn, but first, a bias. Scalable cities are first and foremost about people, not about computers or computing. Of course, these days, computing infrastructure is important, but we should never lose sight of the prime directive. The more time and effort we spend on computing infrastructure, the less we can spend on enriching people's lives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With that out of the way, let me address the issues raised above. First, in terms of ease of use, we could mean the ease with which clients interact with the computer system. That is not what I am referring to. Rather, I am referring to the fact that the scalable city is an enterprise, and like all enterprises, it is most likely running standard third party software packages, and has been doing so for a long time. There is a lot of software inertia present in this model. The last thing I would encourage is to require a lot of software modifications to existing software particularly on a fixed inflexible schedule. Of course, as technologies and new ideas emerge, it is important to be able to integrate these with an existing computing base, but large-scale rewriting of existing software must not be mandated or encouraged. New aspects of the smart cities' technology base must be introduced gradually with a clear cost/benefit analysis. The computer systems chosen to run the smart cities must be capable of running both old and new software without modification. It is also important that the infrastructure used in implementing a smart city not be locked into a single vendor. Using standard servers, standard networks, and standard software is, again, highly desirable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Second, let me address the need for scalable computing. Needs change as smart cities evolve. It would be very desirable to preserve investments in computing infrastructure by allowing that infrastructure to support more computing over time without having to invest in the latest shiny new hardware offering. Further, investments that allow an existing hardware technology base to grow and evolve, without having to rewrite software are highly desirable. It would be even better if the system itself can automatically expand and contract due to the demand placed on it, month to month, week to week, day to day, or even at finer levels of granularity. This is well within the state of the art.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;You might think I am talking about ‘the cloud’. While I do not rule it out, using the cloud has a high potential for locking in customers, as discussed earlier. This is not only true for the hardware that is used, but also the reliance on a set of software packages that only run in single branded cloud vendor's environment can be disadvantageous, since ultimately, the cost of switching away from one vendor to another can be very high or even practically impossible. The marginal costs of using a single cloud vendor can be very high over time due to the vendor's increasing infrastructure costs that often are directly passed along to","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 2","pages":"79-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust stochastic optimal operation of an industrial building including plug in electric vehicle, solar-powered compressed air energy storage and ice storage conditioner: A case study in the city of Kaveh, Iran","authors":"Reza Doosti,&nbsp;Mostafa Sedighizadeh,&nbsp;Davoud Sedighizadeh,&nbsp;Alireza Sheikhi Fini","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12025","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An optimal day-ahead operation of a microgrid (MG) based on an energy hub (EH) that is an industrial building, is presented in this paper. The proposed EH includes wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), triple generation that is combined cooling, heat and power, and salt water desalination. The purpose of solving problem is to lessen the operational and pollution costs limited to several technical restrictions. The EH takes into account plug in electric vehicle (PEV) and an ice storage conditioner (ISC) and together with a thermal energy storage system that is a supplementary energy storage system (ESS). Particularly, the performance and efficacy of the EH operational and pollution costs are studied by considering a solar--powered compressed air energy storage (SPCAES) that is a novel rechargeable and developing ESS. The proposed model takes into account the uncertain behaviour of PV and WT generations together with the thermal, electrical, and cooling demands, which deal with a robust optimisation approach. The suggested robust mix integer linear problem model is figured out using the CPLEX solver in general algebraic modelling system software. The proposed framework is implemented on the industrial building located in the industrial city of Kaveh, Iran. The simulation results show that using ESSs including SPCAES, ISC, and PEVs reduce the total costs (operation and emission costs) by 2.42% in the day-ahead energy management.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 1","pages":"56-77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41773273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest editorial: Smart computing for smart cities","authors":"Anish Jindal,&nbsp;Angelos K. Marnerides,&nbsp;Petros Spachos,&nbsp;Amit Dvir","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12024","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12024","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Smart computing has a big role to play in the development of the smart cities. The advanced networking paradigms such as programmable and virtual networks, growth in communication technologies like 5G, and use of advanced computing infrastructure such as fog/edge/cloud computing can all contribute in the applications related to smart cities. With the penetration of Internet of things (IoT) devices in smart city applications, smart computing has become all the more relevant in terms of managing and processing the data. The applications in smart cities can be computing-intensive, network-intensive, disk-intensive, data-intensive etc., which require different solution sets in order to effectively solve the issues pertaining to these applications. The computing and communication aspects in smart computing are of great relevance in the wider domain of smart cities, which consists of smart metering, smart homes, smart building, smart industries, connected vehicles, and tackles various problems ranging from data reporting to providing smart services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hence, the aim of this special issue is to bring together researchers working in the broad area of smart cities using smart computing. A number of authors from the 2nd International Workshop on Smart Computing for Smart Cities were invited to expand and submit their papers to this special issue alongside papers received from our open call for papers. The summary of each paper is provided below. Please read the full papers if you are interested in more details.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nassar and Simon, in their paper ‘Wavelet-attention-based traffic prediction for smart cities’, proposed a wavelet-attention based traffic prediction system to predict the temporal correlations between the traffic flow and the weather factors, so as to reduce the traffic congestion problem in smart cities. Often the traffic is affected by external factors, such as weather, which makes traffic prediction more complicated. Their proposed paper modelled the interactions between traffic and these external factors such as temperature, visibility, wind speed, rain, and humidity, based on which the important features are then calculated and compared to each other to get the attention weights that describe the importance of each external factor on traffic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fitwi et al., in their paper ‘Lightweight frame scrambling mechanisms for end-to-end privacy in edge smart surveillance’, investigated a very interesting and timely problem of smart surveillance and provided a lightweight frame scrambling mechanism for ensuring end-to-end privacy in such systems. The authors rightly pointed out that existing cryptographic schemes are computationally expensive if data is to be processed at the resource constrained network edge devices. Keeping this in mind, they designed a lightweight sine-cosine chaotic map solution for enciphering frames at edge cameras and ran dynamic chaotic image enciphering scheme in real time at the edge along with a lightweight r","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47251959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organisation and community intelligence in smart city leadership and beyond","authors":"Mitchell Gurick,&nbsp;Steven Felger","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12022","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The relationship between smart cities and communities is anchored on the way organisations leverage technology to impact the quality of living in a city, state, or country. The emergence of smart cities has been welcomed as one of the significant breakthroughs in improving the public sector. In particular, generation of revenue, utilisation of technology, and formulation of policies are used to deal with challenges related to smart city infrastructure. Leadership is one area that has faced strategic challenges with the development of smart cities. This study aims to showcase connectivism between smart cities and communities, challenges associated with smart cities, requirements for modern leadership, and opportunities related to smart cities to improve the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42582218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optimal content indexing approach for named data networking in software-defined IoT system","authors":"Rajan Kumar Dudeja,&nbsp;Amritpal Singh,&nbsp;Rasmeet Singh Bali,&nbsp;Gagangeet Singh Aujla","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12023","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the number of connected devices in the network. This has shifted the focus from IP-based network architecture towards content-centric networking (CCN). CCN eliminates the need for address-content binding in the conventional IP-based networks and allows the content to be accessed based on the name instead of the physical location. Named data networking (NDN) is a promising technique that can fulfil the increasing demand for connected devices through the CCN approach. NDN distributes the content on the network and focusses on the security of the content rather than the communication channel. However, the increase in traffic due to the escalation in the number of connected devices can lead to congestion in the network. The content distribution approach on the nodes is generalised and suitable for small networks. In the case of larger networks, an optimal approach is required to decide the optimal location to store the required content. However, a linear search approach is used to search (or lookup) the content in the assigned cache of the NDN node. In this work, the authors have combined the software-defined networking (SDN) with the NDN approach to overcome the above-highlighted challenge. Thus, the authors have designed an optimal content storage and indexing approach based on NDN-SDN coalesce in the IoT ecosystem. The proposed approach includes different phases, (a) a hashing-based content searching approach is formulated to reduce the look-up time of the content, (b) a red-black tree-based content storage approach is introduced for optimal utilisation of the assigned cache memory of the different NDN nodes, and (c) SDN controller facilitates automated network management and helps to administer the network requirements centrally and locate the content accordingly. The proposed approach was validated through the simulation experiments concerning network delay, packet rate, throughput, and cache hit ratio. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 1","pages":"36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46403184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A vision for smart and sustainable cities","authors":"Amr Elnashai,&nbsp;Hussam Mahmoud","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12021","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our built environment is characterized by large, ever-expanding and highly complex cities. The spatial extent of the interconnected systems that serve these cities leads to higher vulnerability to disruption. On the other hand, climate change and political instability have noticeably increased the frequency of natural and human-induced hazards. Recalling that risk is the product of vulnerability and hazard, it is evident that large cities are experiencing unprecedented levels of risk. While major investments and numerous research, development and implementation efforts have been dedicated to address natural and human-induced risk to large cities, there is still a lack of system-of-systems level considerations and a comprehensive, interdependent vision for creating cities that respond effectively to severe disruptions. On this note, the authors envision the city of the future, its features and its operational modes. The requirements of creating such smart and sustainable, hence optimally resilient, cities dictate research-to-implementation consequences. A high-level view of these requirements and their implications on research and development is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"3 4","pages":"185-188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47576032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}