IET Smart Cities最新文献

Smart Cities and Product-Service Systems—A Conceptual Framework for Urban Sustainability 智慧城市和产品服务系统——城市可持续性的概念框架

IF 2.1

IET Smart Cities Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1049/smc2.70005

Tomi Paalosmaa

{"title":"Smart Cities and Product-Service Systems—A Conceptual Framework for Urban Sustainability","authors":"Tomi Paalosmaa","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"This conceptual paper delves into the validity of product-service systems (PSS) in driving smart city development. Existing research often treats smart cities as primarily technology-driven constructs, overlooking how organisational measures and strategies such as PSS can contribute to their sustainability ambitions and, thus, smart city initiatives. Through an integrative literature review of selected 145 academic papers across smart cities, sustainability, innovation, digitalisation and product-service systems, this paper introduces a framework that maps PSS onto six core dimensions of the Smart City concept—dimensions identified from the previous research, never before presented together. The findings reveal that PSS enables organisations to transcend beyond isolated organisation focused sustainability driven solutions into wider smart urban surroundings and capabilities. The framework emphasises how PSS can contribute to environmental goals, governance reforms, social inclusion, and economic resilience, thus, being able to provide value for both private and public actors, and citizens. The paper addresses a key research gap and calls for empirical validation to further study how PSS can contribute as a scalable and designable enabler of smart city development.","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bus-Based Sensor Deployment for Intelligent Sensing Coverage and k-Hop Calibration 基于总线的智能传感覆盖和k-Hop校准传感器部署

IF 2.1

IET Smart Cities Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1049/smc2.70004

Hassan Zarrar, Vladimir Dyo

{"title":"Bus-Based Sensor Deployment for Intelligent Sensing Coverage and k-Hop Calibration","authors":"Hassan Zarrar, Vladimir Dyo","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"Drive-by sensing is a promising concept that employs public transport as a mobile sensing platform to achieve high spatio-temporal coverage for urban sensing tasks. At the same time, the low-cost nature of mobile IoT sensors necessitates their more frequent calibration to ensure data accuracy and reliability. Manual or lab-based calibration of a large number of mobile sensors may no longer be feasible and thus new approaches for automatic calibration are needed. Most prior work on optimal mobile sensor deployment focuses on coverage aspect without considering the sensor calibration. In this study, we present a joint approach for optimising the placement of bus-based sensors for maximising the total unique sensing area and combining the optimal reference sensors geo-placement for maximising k-hop calibrate requirements on the selected routes. A metric-based system developed in our model uses geographical set operations which includes both spatial and temporal joins to quantify the contribution of each bus route and rank them accordingly. We formulate the coverage optimisation problem as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) solve it with a greedy algorithm, and demonstrate this method’s potential using real-world bus-transit data from Toronto, Canada and Manchester, UK. Our approach involves a metric-based system which quantifies each bus route unique coverage contribution for determining an optimal set of bus routes and bus stops for bus-based and reference sensor deployment, to minimise sensor network costs and maximise spatio-temporal coverage. The comparison with a random baseline algorithm indicates that our method outperforms in terms of deployment and coverage efficiency. Our results also include the potential of our weighted method in improving drive-by sensing for air quality monitoring by comparing it with a separate benchmark scheme with different criteria.","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of the Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Smart Cities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Applications 智慧城市中可重构智能表面：机遇、挑战和应用综述

IF 2.1

IET Smart Cities Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1049/smc2.70003

Haider TH. Salim ALRikabi, Adheed H. Sallomi, Hasan F. KHazaal, Ahmed Magdy

{"title":"Review of the Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Smart Cities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Applications","authors":"Haider TH. Salim ALRikabi, Adheed H. Sallomi, Hasan F. KHazaal, Ahmed Magdy","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"This survey synthesises state-of-the-art advancements in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) and their transformation in urban wireless networks, focusing on addressing the challenges inherent to 5 G/mmWave communications. The authors begin by evaluating path loss, blockage, and interference in dense urban environments. The analysis comprehensively represents various RIS design, including phase-shift optimisation, material selection, and control mechanisms based on PIN and varactor diodes, whereas considering integration challenges such as scalability, energy efficiency, and real-world deployment constraints. The authors present an in-depth case study of RIS implementation in a smart city mmWave scenario, utilising both analytical modelling and simulation experiments to quantify performance improvements in beam steering and network reliability. This study highlights the potential of RIS to mitigate traditional propagation limitations and provide directions for future research, standardisation efforts, and the evolution of 6G wireless networks.","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Persian/Arabic Scene Text Recognition With Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network 用卷积递归神经网络识别波斯语/阿拉伯语场景文本

IF 2.1

IET Smart Cities Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1049/smc2.70001

Alireza Akoushideh, Atefeh Ranjkesh Rashtehroudi, Asadollah Shahbahrami

{"title":"Persian/Arabic Scene Text Recognition With Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network","authors":"Alireza Akoushideh, Atefeh Ranjkesh Rashtehroudi, Asadollah Shahbahrami","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"With advancements in technology, natural scene text recognition (STR) has become a critical yet challenging field due to variations in fonts, colours, textures, illumination, and complex backgrounds. This research study focuses on optical character recognition (OCR) with a case study on Iranian signposts, traffic signs, and licence plates to convert text from images into editable formats. The proposed method combines a preprocessing stage, leveraging resizing, noise reduction, adaptive thresholding, and colour inversion, which significantly enhances image quality and facilitates accurate text recognition, with a deep-learning pipeline. The process begins with the CRAFT model for text detection, addressing limitations in Persian/Arabic alphabet representation in datasets, followed by CRNN for text recognition. These preprocessing techniques and the CRAFT component result in notable performance improvements, achieving 98.6% accuracy with training error rates reduced from 13.90% to 1.40% after 20 epochs. Additionally, the system's effectiveness is validated through Persian/Arabic-specific OCR criteria at both the character and word levels. Results indicate that preprocessing and deep learning integration improve reliability, paving the way for future applications in intelligent transportation systems and other domains requiring robust STR solutions. This study demonstrates the potential for further enhancements in OCR systems, particularly for complex, script-based languages.","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policy Assessment of Japan's ‘Decarbonisation-Leading Regions’ 日本“脱碳领先地区”的政策评估

IF 2.1

IET Smart Cities Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1049/smc2.70002

Yanghui Guo, Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo, Haoxuan Zhang, Hiroshi Onoda

{"title":"Policy Assessment of Japan's ‘Decarbonisation-Leading Regions’","authors":"Yanghui Guo, Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo, Haoxuan Zhang, Hiroshi Onoda","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"Japan has set a decarbonisation goal in the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 46% compared with those in 2013 by 2030. To achieve this goal, the Japanese government established a regional decarbonisation roadmap in 2021. In pursuing the roadmap, 74 municipalities were appointed as Japan's decarbonisation-leading regions. In this study, we make the projection to clarify whether the goal will be met by performing the following steps. First, we classified the regions on the basis of their specific energy structure and examined their decarbonisation policies. Next, we performed a cluster analysis of their energy structure and energy-saving methods in the civil sector, residential sector, sectors outside the civil sector and transportation sector. The results of the analysis indicate that in terms of energy-use characteristics, the proportion of the municipalities selected is representative of Japan. However, we find that if the carbon neutrality plans of these regions are implemented and extended nationwide, the 2030 goal will not be met. Moreover, we found that within the civil sector, regions are more inclined to achieve carbon neutrality in business and public facility areas than in residential areas. This study urges Japan to be more aggressive in its global warming mitigation strategies and identifies residential areas as the most promising sector to put more effort into.","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Networked disobedience to smart city development: The case of Hong Kong 对智慧城市发展的网络反抗：以香港为例

IF 2.1

IET Smart Cities Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1049/smc2.12095

Tin-Yuet Ting

{"title":"Networked disobedience to smart city development: The case of Hong Kong","authors":"Tin-Yuet Ting","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.12095","url":null,"abstract":"When urban landscapes erupt into civil unrests, smart technologies that are intended to help preserve social order may become prime sites of contention. Integrating critical data studies and research on networked social movements, this article examines the underexplored contours of networked disobedience to smart city development – that is, direct action by self-mobilised and self-organised digitally connected citizens and activists to subvert or disrupt the dominant structure of the datafied smart city – during a large-scale protest movement. The case of Hong Kong's smart lampposts is analysed to explicate a distinct technopolitical contention that emerged in the digital age, focusing on three key aspects: (1) citizens' digital curation of folk theories, which perpetuated a consensus of discontent over the installation of smart city technology, (2) the articulation of a digitised network of counter-power that provided a mediation opportunity structure for mobilisation and intervention, and (3) the crowdsourcing of disobedient practices of data activism aimed at sabotaging or evading the smart city technology. The article illustrates how seemingly ordinary issues of urban datafication can be repurposed to (re)produce political contention and the ways in which controversies over smart city development may fuel adversarial citizen–state engagement with repercussions for data-driven urban governance.","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing urban security and safety smartness: A systematic review of key performance indicators 评估城市安全和安全智慧：关键绩效指标的系统审查

IF 2.1

IET Smart Cities Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1049/smc2.70000

Francisco J. Gallardo-Amores, Cristina Del-Real, Antonio M. Díaz-Fernández

{"title":"Assessing urban security and safety smartness: A systematic review of key performance indicators","authors":"Francisco J. Gallardo-Amores, Cristina Del-Real, Antonio M. Díaz-Fernández","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 The smart city framework has become a key approach to addressing urbanisation challenges over the last 2 decades. While KPIs have been developed for various smart city dimensions, security and safety remain underexplored. This paper addresses this gap through a systematic review of KPIs. The study examines how urban security and safety smartness is assessed, focusing on three questions: (RQ1) What indicators measure urban security and safety smartness? (RQ2) In which smart city dimensions are these KPIs located? (RQ3) How are these KPIs defined and quantified? Using PRISMA guidelines, databases including Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore were searched, yielding 2369 sources. After screening, 38 studies were analysed. A total of 182 unique KPIs were identified and categorised into crime prevention and control (53), perceptions of safety (11), emergency and disaster management (50), and cybersecurity (68). Most KPIs focus on city outcomes, with fewer addressing smart technology functionalities. Definitions and measurement approaches lack consensus. This review identifies gaps in defining and measuring smart urban security and safety. Standardising KPIs and incorporating technology-specific metrics are key directions for future research.\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An autoconfiguration strategy for very large scale long range wide area network deployments in smart cities 智能城市中大规模远程广域网部署的自动配置策略

IF 2.1

IET Smart Cities Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1049/smc2.12096

Vicente Torres-Sanz, Julio A. Sanguesa, Francisco J. Martinez, Piedad Garrido, Carlos T. Calafate

{"title":"An autoconfiguration strategy for very large scale long range wide area network deployments in smart cities","authors":"Vicente Torres-Sanz, Julio A. Sanguesa, Francisco J. Martinez, Piedad Garrido, Carlos T. Calafate","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.12096","url":null,"abstract":"LoRa has proven to be an ideal solution for Internet of Things networks and applications that require long-distance communications, such as those related to smart cities or precision agriculture. Its low cost combined with the wide availability of LoRa-compatible devices make it possible to easily deploy a large number of sensors capable of collecting and transmitting key information for new services and applications. However, the process of adding new devices into a Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) network represents a significant challenge on a large scale, as each device must be individually configured and manually registered to join the network. This manual approach is costly and impractical when it comes to deploying a very large number of devices. To address this problem, this paper proposes two deployment strategies (semi-automatic and automatic) to simplify and streamline the process of activating and registering LoRaWAN devices. These strategies facilitate the deployment of large-scale devices in smart cities, and their adoption can significantly enhance the deployment of LoRaWAN devices. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the benefits of our solution. Specifically, for 500 devices, the semi-automatic deployment is 3.75 times more efficient, and the automatic deployment is an impressive 394.87 times faster than the manual deployment.","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to “[Securing smart cities through machine learning: A honeypot-driven approach to attack detection in Internet of Things ecosystems]” 更正“[通过机器学习保护智慧城市：一种蜜罐驱动的物联网生态系统攻击检测方法]”

IF 2.1

IET Smart Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1049/smc2.12094

引用次数: 0

Predicting the impact of public events and mobility in Smart Cities 预测智慧城市中公共事件和移动性的影响

IF 2.1

IET Smart Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1049/smc2.12087

Elena Bellodi, Riccardo Zese, Carlo Petrovich, Angelo Frascella, Francesco Bertasi

{"title":"Predicting the impact of public events and mobility in Smart Cities","authors":"Elena Bellodi, Riccardo Zese, Carlo Petrovich, Angelo Frascella, Francesco Bertasi","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.12087","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitous presence of smartphones and the ever-expanding Internet of Things are generating a treasure trove of data on human movement. We harness the power of Artificial Intelligence to extract knowledge within this data, in particular for predicting people flows and density in a Smart City. This predictive ability holds immense potential for a multitude of applications, from optimising people flow to streamlining event planning, while offering a powerful tool for pre-emptive identification of situations that may lead to crowd disasters. In this paper, we tackle two crucial aspects of people mobility using data from public events and an Italian mobile phone network: to predict both event attendance and future crowd density in specific areas. The event details (location, time etc.) are automatically gathered and stored in a structured format. Next, we handle these problems are treated in a “supervised learning” setting, and various state-of-art Machine Learning techniques are tested to find the best model for each task. The obtained models will be encapsulated into a Policy Support System contributing to foster planning actions of mobility services.","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"6 4","pages":"253-275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0