IET Smart Cities最新文献

{"title":"Automated UHF RFID-based book positioning and monitoring method in smart libraries","authors":"Orhan Yaman,&nbsp;Fatih Ertam,&nbsp;Turker Tuncer,&nbsp;Ilhan Firat Kilincer","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0033","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In this study, a method is proposed for ultra high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID)-based book positioning and counting developed for smart libraries. In the experimental setup created, RFID tags placed in books were automatically detected using three RFID antennas. Using received signal strength indicator information from each antenna for each book, the locations of the books are determined. In addition, classification was made by using machine learning approaches for the study. For this purpose, the best result for sequence determination in the classification study using ensemble trees, K nearest neighbours (KNN), and support vector machine algorithms was obtained with the ensemble subspace KNN algorithm with 94.1%. The best result for cabinet detection was obtained in the study using the ensemble subspace KNN algorithm and a 78.5% accuracy rate was achieved. The best result for rack detection was obtained with the ensemble subspace KNN algorithm with 95.4%. The study is thought to be useful in the automatic determination of the row, cabinet, and rack of books in smart libraries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"2 4","pages":"173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47408801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart agriculture: real-time classification of green coffee beans by using a convolutional neural network","authors":"Nen-Fu Huang,&nbsp;Dong-Lin Chou,&nbsp;Chia-An Lee,&nbsp;Feng-Ping Wu,&nbsp;An-Chi Chuang,&nbsp;Yi-Hsien Chen,&nbsp;Yin-Chun Tsai","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0068","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Coffee is an important economic crop and one of the most popular beverages worldwide. The rise of speciality coffees has changed people's standards regarding coffee quality. However, green coffee beans are often mixed with impurities and unpleasant beans. Therefore, this study aimed to solve the problem of time-consuming and labour-intensive manual selection of coffee beans for speciality coffee products. The second objective of the authors’ study was to develop an automatic coffee bean picking system. They first used image processing and data augmentation technologies to deal with the data. They then used deep learning of the convolutional neural network to analyse the image information. Finally, they applied the training model to connect an IP camera for recognition. They successfully divided good and bad beans. The false-positive rate was 0.1007, and the overall coffee bean recognition rate was 93%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"2 4","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41540164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LED lighting systems for smart buildings: a review","authors":"Héctor F. Chinchero,&nbsp;J. Marcos Alonso,&nbsp;Hugo Ortiz T","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0061","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study presents a review of smart light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems applied to smart buildings. The study is focused on drivers, protocols, technologies, communication networks and applications. An extended overview of the methodologies used for LED lighting control in smart buildings is addressed. The study also presents an integrated architecture able to achieve the necessary services and control methodologies for intelligent building energy management system for LED lightings systems in smart buildings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"2 3","pages":"126-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45189806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online electricity theft detection and prevention scheme for smart cities","authors":"Makarand Sudhakar Ballal,&nbsp;Hiralal Suryawanshi,&nbsp;Mahesh Kumar Mishra,&nbsp;Gajanan Jaiswal","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0045","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Electricity theft is a notable aspect of power distribution utilities due to advance in the non-technical loss. It results imbalance between power supply and demand. It consequence overload of the distribution network and extraneous tariff invoke on legally connected consumers. The advance metering infrastructure is useful for an energy audit of every distribution transformer due to a communication facility. However, direct hooking on distribution overhead line or tapping from underground cables remains an interminable issue which has to be rigorously decimated. The objective of this study is to present real-time electricity theft detection and prevention scheme (ETDPS) with the available infrastructure in the field. The proposed ETDPS is based on programmable logic control; it identifies the pilferage locations and estimates the power stolen by illegal consumers. The prototype is tested in the laboratory and the results demonstrate that the ETDPS works satisfactorily under diversified operating conditions. The proposed scheme is implemented as a part of their Smart City Pilot Project by Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited, Nagpur (India) and the performance demonstrates its feasibility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"2 3","pages":"155-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49281061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart cities in the time of climate change and Covid-19 need digital twins","authors":"Joseph Dignan","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0071","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0071","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Pre-Covid there was the beginnings of a coalescence around Climate Change as the overarching aim of advanced urban digital transformation. Climate change is a wicked problem with no silver bullet but there is one arena that adversely affects climate change more than any other; cities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Only 29% of the world is land, cities currently occupy 3% of that representing 0.9% of the earth surface. Buildings occupy between 70 and 80% of every city and we spend 87% of our life in them. Buildings, a tiny percentage of the planet, consume 75% of world electricity, 40% of global energy, are responsible for 40% of the total GHG emissions, consume 25% of the global water supply and generate 40% of total solid waste.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The problem is only going to get worse as more people move to cities for economic, social, or conflict reasons. Roughly 50% of the world population of 7.7 billion people lives in cities and it is predicted to rise to 70% by 2050; this could create another 5000 cities. The greatest rise in urbanisation will take place in the developing world, which is the least well equipped to deal with issues of pollution, energy, air quality, water shortages, waste, transport, health and civil resilience. The focus on Climate has now been usurped by the effect Covid has had on the world economy and how we live and work in Cities, but an answer to both is we need cities to work smarter and to do that we need to understand them better.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the developed world there is a plethora of technologies now reaching the market. Proptech, Plantech, Digital twins, VR &amp; AR, Ledger technologies, 5G, AI and Deep Learning, Data Exchanges and Edge Computing that will shape citizen engagement, economic growth and physical infrastructure, but we also need the basic infrastructure of power, water and connectivity in the developing world. Currently, the new enabling technologies are still siloed into point solutions with companies developing single technology value propositions around AI, proptech, Ledger &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; Whatever our working definition of what comprises ‘smart’, the market is maturing into IoT platforms where hardware captures data and software analyses it. To enable us to turn data into information allowing insight to inform impact we also need to share information in an appropriate way and surface it in the most accessible manner possible. We are capturing ever-increasing amounts of data, but our ability to share it with the correct checks and balances is problematic. This will have to change and there is an increasing need for Data Trust models that allow us to synthesise data, and Digital Twinning; where we create a virtual replica of the physical and can feed real time information into the model allowing scenario planning and the meshing of soft and hard data that creates a narrative around arenas such as Health, Wellbeing and Mobility. This leverages the new disruptive technologies mentioned above, allowing city authorities agile and informed","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"2 3","pages":"109-110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46470522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humane by choice, smart by default: 39 building blocks for cities of the future","authors":"Herman van den Bosch","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0030","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>For nearly three decades, becoming smart has been claimed to be a solution to urban problems. This claim is justified, but not unconditionally. This article aims to contribute to the development of a human-centric smart city agenda, which in effect means the application of social and ecological principles, in conjunction with appropriate technology<i>.</i> In order to achieve this goal, smart city literature has been critically assessed for its contribution to the agenda. Five narratives that represent different ways of framing the role of (digital) technologies in solving urban problems have been summarised and commented on. It was concluded that the use of (digital) technology should be preceded by examining the complexity of social and ecological problems of contemporary cities. This vision resulted in a re-conceptualisation of the smart city concept into a city that aligns the use of technology with its human-centric agenda<i>.</i> Kate Raworth' concept of a doughnut economy has proven useful in designing such an agenda. This concept is based on the simultaneous application of principles related to social and environmental sustainability, resulting in an agenda of 39 ‘city actions’ for cities that intent to be humane by choice and smart by default.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"2 3","pages":"111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46170374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A note on Covid-19 by Professor Vincent Poor","authors":"","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0069","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0069","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The Covid-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of our lives, and has also revealed shortcoming of many scientific and technological aspects of public health response. These include supply chain issues for food and medical supplies, the time scales of the development of tests for the virus, treatments and vaccines, technologies for contact tracing, networking technologies for working and learning from home, and accurate modeling of viral spread and the corresponding effectiveness of mitigation strategies. The readers and authors of IET Smart Cities can address many of these issues, and one approach to the latter one that is being pursued at Princeton University is described below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One critical issue for many of the readers of IET Smart Cities, is the struggle that universities and schools have had in trying to maintain their curricular momentum. This has been particularly difficult for subjects such as electrical and electronic engineering where hands-on instruction is a key aspect of the training of students. Many institutions, including Princeton, have addressed this in the short by sending lab kits to students’ homes, using videos of lab experiments, and similar approaches, but these are not substitutes for the in-lab experiences that are so important to engineering and scientific education. For the coming academic year, many universities in the USA plan to bring students back into the lab, while expanding lab hours to allow for safe occupation via social distancing, mask-wearing and assuring that ventilation and air exchange equipment are able to keep the air safe during and between laboratory sessions. Other instruction (lectures, problem-solving sessions, etc.) will still be largely online at many institutions. A silver lining of this aspect of the pandemic is that online capabilities have been greatly improved through the experience of widespread online teaching, and this will undoubtedly become part of instruction even after the pandemic is conquered, to the extent that it can enhance the overall educational experience. Primary and secondary education has similarly been affected, and it raises the additional issue of the burden of parents working from home who have to oversee the education of their younger children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I would like to now describe ongoing work at Princeton addressing the issue of modeling of the spread of Covid-19 and developing an understanding of the efficacy of optimization of mitigation strategies. This work started because of other work, reported in [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], in which together with colleagues at Carnegie-Mellon University, we proposed a refined model for viral spread that incorporates mutations. Although this work was done and the paper submitted before the outbreak of Covid-19, it is relevant to the spread of that disease, as mutations are a factor in its spread. This work had its genesis in a joint research project, funded by the U.S. Army Research Office, between Osman Yağan of Carnegie Mellon ","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"2 3","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48121793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of electronic communications during the pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0066","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0066","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In normal times, electronic communications are, of course, a great convenience to most of us, providing information, connectivity to family and friends, access to on-line commerce, and many forms of entertainment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Electronic communications play a much more important role in off-nominal situations. During fires, civil unrest, local emergencies, and so forth, such electronic communications form the backbone of response planning, coordination, and management. That is how data are gathered that allows the appropriate authorities to understand the evolving problem, to craft a response, to implement the response, to gather additional data that can be used to adjust the response, and so forth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In fact, in certain types of emergency situations, recovery is simply not possible without such electronic communications. For example, the Electric Infrastructure Security Council [https://www.eiscouncil.org/] has analyzed events that could cause large-scale (sub-continental- and continental-scale) outages of electric power; if such a large-scale outage were to come to pass, it is literally impossible to re-start the electric power grid without some form of electronic communications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Events that were identified by the Electric Infrastructure Security Council as potential triggers for such large-scale power outages include cyber attacks on electric power distribution equipment, and electro-magnetic pulse events (which can be both natural, and human-induced). In their book “Electric Infrastructure Protection (E-PRO) Handbook III”[Paul Stockton, editor-in-chief; Paul Stockton and Neil Siegel, authors. Electric Infrastructure Security Council, 2018. The chapter on emergency electronic communications systems is available at https://neilsiegel.usc.edu/contributions-to-the-literature/] they describe the scenarios that can cause such large-scale outages (which they call “black sky events”), and describe a set of policy and technical steps by which both the likelihood of such events can be lessened, and also by which – in case such an event happened – recovery can be implemented faster.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In fact, the key technology that they describe for facilitating recovery in the event of such a black-sky event is an emergency communications system that would survive such an outage, and be able to operate for a material period of time even in the absence of electric power from the regular power grid. The ability to have such an emergency communications system would save hundreds of thousands of lives, by enabling far-faster recovery. So, electronic communications systems can be more than a convenience and a source of entertainment!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let's look at the role of electronic communications systems in the current Covid-19 pandemic. Let's consider the management of the actual pandemic first. Data must be gathered, processed, and distributed, not only to public-health, medical, and political personnel, but also to the general public. People need/want to know infor","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"2 3","pages":"106-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41466825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Web query system for various frequency distributions of bus passengers in Taichung city of Taiwan","authors":"Jing-Doo Wang,&nbsp;Shin-Hung Pan,&nbsp;Cheng-Yuan Ho,&nbsp;Yao-Nan Lien,&nbsp;Shu-chuan Liao,&nbsp;Achmad Nurmandi","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0017","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>It is highly desirable that traffic controllers or city residents can discern regular patterns and promptly detect irregularities or abnormal events in a public transportation system. This study proposes a web-based information system that allows users to study the travel behaviour of bus passengers from various perspectives. The system uses data from the comprehensive set of Taichung City Bus Riding Records between 2015 and 2016. However, it can provide the same functionality to any other similar bus transportation system by using the appropriate data. It should be emphasised that the system can provide the frequency distributions not only of passenger trips between two stops but also of the passenger volume for a given segment of any route. Owing to the increased computational and storage-capacity requirements of the proposed system, the scalable Hadoop MapReduce programming model was used. Furthermore, bus companies can use the system to design better service plans, such as more flexible bus schedules and more convenient routes, to meet passenger demand as well as reduce operation cost and energy consumption. The authors believe that the proposed system can make a valuable contribution to public welfare.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"2 3","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49507675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the reconstruction of consumers, goods and scenes in new retail based on new technology","authors":"Wang Shucui,&nbsp;Yu Jinjun,&nbsp;Wang Hongli","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0014","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The concept of ‘new retail’ proposed by Alibaba is gradually getting recognised and being practiced by the world-leading e-commerce enterprises and traditional retailers, further, it will result in the reconfiguration of retail formats around the world. As a new retail benchmarking enterprise incubated by Alibaba, HEMA fresh has attracted extensive attention from domestic and foreign media and business circles. Based on the typical new retail format of HEMA fresh food initiated by Alibaba, ‘fresh supermarket + catering experience + online business warehousing’ innovative business model, this study systematically analyses the reconstruction path of new retail format driven by new technology, and finds that customers, goods and scenes are the three leading elements in the reconstruction process of new retail format. These three elements evolve and match with each other under the support of a new technology environment, creating new consumption scenarios for consumers. Finally, this study looks forward to the future of the new retail industry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"2 3","pages":"122-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46252805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}