IET Smart Cities最新文献

{"title":"An alternative reliability method to evaluate the regional traffic congestion from GPS data obtained from floating cars","authors":"Wubei Yuan,&nbsp;Ping Wang,&nbsp;Jingwen Yang,&nbsp;Yun Meng","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12001","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fast and reliable evaluation of regional traffic congestion is beneficial to more effective traffic control. Based on data accumulation in modern society, more and more data-driven methods are proposed. However, it is still not easy to process the raw data to an interpretable level in practical applications. In this article, the GPS data are obtained from floating cars covering a large scale region in Xi'an, China. To link the original data to the spatiotemporal relationship of driving behaviour, a pre-processing method with specified time–frequency rules is proposed. Through map matching and landmark mapping, it can be seen that the data dispersion degree has decreased and the quality of the original data has been improved. At the same time, deep learning methods and non-parametric survival analysis methods are used to compare and evaluate traffic congestion. In addition, four different distributions (Exponential, Weibull, Log-normal, and Log-logistic) are tested to fit the accelerated failure time model (AFT), which is then compared with the Cox proportional hazards model (Cox). It is concluded that the most suitable parameter model for the test section of Xi'an South Second Ring Road is AFT (Lognormal). All those methods are tested on a randomly selected segment on the ring road in Xi'an. The results suggest dramatic improvement of data quality and successful evaluation of traffic conditions with high reliability. Potential application could be effective methods for traffic control and management in the smart city.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43880641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bristol's smart city agenda: vision, strategy, challenges and implementation","authors":"Freyja Lockwood","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0063","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This case study explores Bristol's goal to create a smart city, anchored by a 30-year city vision and the vital role digital connectivity and smart city technologies play. It describes Bristol's 2050 One City Plan, where city partners are collaboratively shaping the city through place-based leadership, community involvement and co-production, and Bristol City Council's complementary smart city strategy – Connecting Bristol. This digital agenda supports by developing the ‘foundations’ required to become a data-enabled city with world-class connectivity and inclusive public services; elements which enable many One City goals. It examines the importance of a challenge-led, people-focused approach with responsible innovation practices that ensure digital initiatives align with the One City Plan's equitable goals and values. Implementation strategies, including an ‘innovation ambition’ matrix used to manage a portfolio of smart city initiatives, and challenges are described along with the need for inclusive infrastructure and ethical data practices. The emerging role for local government in shaping a trusted smart city is explored. This study ends by discussing Covid-19 and economic recovery, in response to which the Council seeks to become a more agile, streamlined organisation, and concludes by highlighting the need to keep people at the heart of ‘smart’ city development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46679431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PowerNet: a smart energy forecasting architecture based on neural networks","authors":"Yao Cheng,&nbsp;Chang Xu,&nbsp;Daisuke Mashima,&nbsp;Partha P. Biswas,&nbsp;Geetanjali Chipurupalli,&nbsp;Bin Zhou,&nbsp;Yongdong Wu","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0003","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Electricity demand forecasting is a critical task for efficient, reliable and economical operation of the power grid, which is one of the most essential building blocks of smart cities. Accurate forecasting allows grid operators to properly maintain the balance of supply and demand as well as to optimize operational cost for generation and transmission. This article proposes a novel neural network architecture <i>PowerNet</i> which can incorporate multiple heterogeneous features such as historical energy consumption data, weather data and calendar information for the demand forecasting task. Using real-world smart meter dataset, we conduct an extensive evaluation to show the advantages of <i>PowerNet</i> over recently-proposed machine learning methods such as Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). <i>PowerNet</i> demonstrates notable performance in reducing both the median and worst-case prediction errors when forecasting demands of individual residential households. We further provide empirical results concerning the two operational considerations that are crucial when using <i>PowerNet</i> in practice: the time horizon the model can predict with a decent accuracy and the frequency of training the model to retain its modeling capability. Finally, we briefly discuss a multi-layer anomaly/electricity-theft detection approach based on <i>PowerNet</i> demand forecasting.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46926683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARGON – Smart energy domain ontology","authors":"Maliheh Haghgoo,&nbsp;Ilya Sychev,&nbsp;Antonello Monti,&nbsp;Frank H.P. Fitzek","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0049","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The internet of things (IoT) is a paradigm where the fragmentation of standards, platforms, services, and technologies, often scattered among different vertical domains. Consequently, the smart energy system is one of the vertical domains in which IoT technology is investigated. At the early stages of studying the IoT domains that deal with big data and interoperability, a semantic layer can be served to approach the difficulty of heterogeneity in information and data representation from IoT devices. In 2015, smart appliance reference ontology (SAREF) was introduced to interconnect data of smart devices and facilitate the communication between IoT devices that use different protocols and standards. The modular design of SAREF concedes the definition of any new vertical domain describing functions that the devices perform. In this study, SARGON – SmArt eneRGy dOmain oNtology is offered which extends SAREF to cross-cut domain-specific information representing the smart energy domain and includes building and electrical grid automation together. SARGON ontology is powered by smart energy standards and IoT initiatives, as well as real use cases. It involves classes, properties, and instances explicitly created to cover the building and electrical grid automation domain. This study exhibits the development of SARGON and demonstrates it through a web application.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45863589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are smart cities proving to be so hard to deliver?","authors":"David Cleevely CBE FREng","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are no smart cities on our planet. Some may claim to be smart, but none of them come close to implementing a fraction of the technology and systems set out by this journal or indeed by any other journals and organisations dedicated to promoting the concept.</p><p>Perhaps it is time we asked ourselves why this is the case. After all the idea has been around for decades and in that time we have seen revolutions sweep through manufacturing, retail and sectors such as telecoms and IT. There are plenty of technologies available for deployment. So are Smart Cities a bad idea? Is it that developing a Smart City just takes time? Or is there something preventing them from emerging?</p><p>I think something is preventing us from implementing the ideas embodied in the phrase ‘Smart City’ and unless we address it progress will be painfully slow or non-existent.</p><p>Eric Beinhocker in his book ‘The Origin of Wealth’ sets out three ingredients for economic growth: Technology, Governance and Business Models. He argues that you need all three to make progress. No amount of technology and entrepreneurial ambition will generate wealth if there are no property rights, laws or regulations governing the market. And if the Business Model doesn't make sense then you can't create companies and generate new value. We are missing both the Governance and the Business Models for Smart Cities.</p><p>Let's look at Governance first. Cities are a complex mess of developers, businesses, private individuals, local government, and public institutions. Many of these interests have narrow goals. The role of Governance in this case is to align these narrow goals and to ensure that each actor bears the true cost and receives the true benefit. Technically this might seem straight forward. After all isn't it obvious that developers impose costs in terms of transport and services and should contribute accordingly?</p><p>It's not so simple. For example, an individual trying to drive to work will not consider the extra congestion they introduce (what economists call an externality). In some cities, congestion charging or other traffic management has been introduced so that the individuals make decisions which are better for the economy and society. In some places (including Cambridge UK where I live) the individual's right to choose to drive has been thought to be more important.</p><p>We are a long way from having governance models for cities which align incentives and have the various actors paying the true costs and receiving the true benefits. Without the market mechanisms and the regulations and standards by which such markets would operate, it is unlikely that anyone will develop long term viable business models. Without these business models, we will not see the investment needed to create Smart Cities.</p><p>In telecommunications, where I started my career, the blockages which prevented innovation were solved by creating markets which could operate on agreed standards. Li","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92301810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralised game-theoretic management for a community-based transportation system","authors":"Mohammed Bin Hariz,&nbsp;Dhaou Said,&nbsp;Hussein T. Mouftah","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0046","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The transportation system needs innovative schemes and applications to facilitate mobility in the cities that is user-friendly, easy, enjoyable and convenient according to citizens' constraints. In this study, the authors propose a decentralised architecture-based game-theoretic model for a community-based transportation system. This scheme, which involves multi-transportation forms, allows the user to be an active prosumer who can travel in the city using public and private forms and also make decisions about the trip cost. The authors propose a decentralised game-theoretic transportation algorithm to manage passenger needs, public bus interests, car ride-sharing and bicycle constraints. The simulations prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The effectiveness of the decentralised game-theoretic transportation model appears more clearly when compared with the multi-mode double dynamic approach in [1], as it gives much better optimisation results.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42777088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated UHF RFID-based book positioning and monitoring method in smart libraries","authors":"Orhan Yaman,&nbsp;Fatih Ertam,&nbsp;Turker Tuncer,&nbsp;Ilhan Firat Kilincer","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0033","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In this study, a method is proposed for ultra high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID)-based book positioning and counting developed for smart libraries. In the experimental setup created, RFID tags placed in books were automatically detected using three RFID antennas. Using received signal strength indicator information from each antenna for each book, the locations of the books are determined. In addition, classification was made by using machine learning approaches for the study. For this purpose, the best result for sequence determination in the classification study using ensemble trees, K nearest neighbours (KNN), and support vector machine algorithms was obtained with the ensemble subspace KNN algorithm with 94.1%. The best result for cabinet detection was obtained in the study using the ensemble subspace KNN algorithm and a 78.5% accuracy rate was achieved. The best result for rack detection was obtained with the ensemble subspace KNN algorithm with 95.4%. The study is thought to be useful in the automatic determination of the row, cabinet, and rack of books in smart libraries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47408801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart agriculture: real-time classification of green coffee beans by using a convolutional neural network","authors":"Nen-Fu Huang,&nbsp;Dong-Lin Chou,&nbsp;Chia-An Lee,&nbsp;Feng-Ping Wu,&nbsp;An-Chi Chuang,&nbsp;Yi-Hsien Chen,&nbsp;Yin-Chun Tsai","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0068","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Coffee is an important economic crop and one of the most popular beverages worldwide. The rise of speciality coffees has changed people's standards regarding coffee quality. However, green coffee beans are often mixed with impurities and unpleasant beans. Therefore, this study aimed to solve the problem of time-consuming and labour-intensive manual selection of coffee beans for speciality coffee products. The second objective of the authors’ study was to develop an automatic coffee bean picking system. They first used image processing and data augmentation technologies to deal with the data. They then used deep learning of the convolutional neural network to analyse the image information. Finally, they applied the training model to connect an IP camera for recognition. They successfully divided good and bad beans. The false-positive rate was 0.1007, and the overall coffee bean recognition rate was 93%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41540164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LED lighting systems for smart buildings: a review","authors":"Héctor F. Chinchero,&nbsp;J. Marcos Alonso,&nbsp;Hugo Ortiz T","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0061","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study presents a review of smart light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems applied to smart buildings. The study is focused on drivers, protocols, technologies, communication networks and applications. An extended overview of the methodologies used for LED lighting control in smart buildings is addressed. The study also presents an integrated architecture able to achieve the necessary services and control methodologies for intelligent building energy management system for LED lightings systems in smart buildings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45189806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online electricity theft detection and prevention scheme for smart cities","authors":"Makarand Sudhakar Ballal,&nbsp;Hiralal Suryawanshi,&nbsp;Mahesh Kumar Mishra,&nbsp;Gajanan Jaiswal","doi":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0045","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Electricity theft is a notable aspect of power distribution utilities due to advance in the non-technical loss. It results imbalance between power supply and demand. It consequence overload of the distribution network and extraneous tariff invoke on legally connected consumers. The advance metering infrastructure is useful for an energy audit of every distribution transformer due to a communication facility. However, direct hooking on distribution overhead line or tapping from underground cables remains an interminable issue which has to be rigorously decimated. The objective of this study is to present real-time electricity theft detection and prevention scheme (ETDPS) with the available infrastructure in the field. The proposed ETDPS is based on programmable logic control; it identifies the pilferage locations and estimates the power stolen by illegal consumers. The prototype is tested in the laboratory and the results demonstrate that the ETDPS works satisfactorily under diversified operating conditions. The proposed scheme is implemented as a part of their Smart City Pilot Project by Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited, Nagpur (India) and the performance demonstrates its feasibility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49281061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}